scholarly journals Measuring Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Practices by Citrus Farmers in Tartous Governorate, Syria

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Shadi Faskha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Farmer Adoption ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Lack Of Commitment

Faskha, S.M. 2021. Measuring Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Practices by Citrus Farmers in Tartous Governorate, Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 257-267. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-039.4.257267 A questionnaire study was conducted to analyze the IPM adoption by citrus farmers in Tartous Governorate during two seasons (2018 and 2019). The questionnaire was designed to collect the required information from a representative sample of farmers (370 farmers). Responses were tabulated, and the extracted data were statistically analyzed by using Chi–Square (X 2 ) at P=0.05. The results obtained indicated that the mean rate of farmer adoption was 5.55 points based on a 10-point scale. Accordingly, practices of the surveyed farmers came in the third level: “IPM level” (based on a proposed scale for adoption consisting of four levels, namely, conventional control, entry level IPM, normal IPM level, and bio-intensive IPM level). The implemented cultural practices, the handling of pesticides, and farmers' knowledge were at the forefront of good practices with mean index of attribute values of 0.66, 0.72 and 0.85, respectively. On the other hand, the Adoptability Index values showed that the non-use of attractant traps, planting mixed varieties, and voluntary lack of commitment to stop spraying (conservation biological control) were -0.46, -0.44 and -0.75, respectively, and those were among the most negative indicators in IPM practices adoption, although 31.35% of farmers did not use chemical control. Keywords: Integrated pest management, IPM, adoption, citrus, Syria.

Second-level integrated pest management in commercial apple orchards

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Prokopy ◽  
Daniel R. Cooley ◽  
Wesley R. Autio ◽  
William M. Coli
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Management Tactics

AbstractAs historical background helpful to understanding current concepts and practices of apple pest management, we review the origin and rise of key pests of apple in North America and the evolution of approaches to their management, culminating with the concept of integrated pest management (IPM). We propose four levels of integration of orchard pest management practices. First-level IPM integrates chemically based and biologically based management tactics for a single class of pests, such as arthropods, diseases, weeds or vertebrates. Second-level IPM, the focus of our effort here, integrates multiple management tactics across all classes of pests. We describe components of second-level IPM for Massachusetts apple orchards, which are threatened each year by an exceptionally broad range of injurious pests. We illustrate the tentative advantages and shortcomings of second-level IPM using 1993 data from six commercial orchard test blocks. Our predominant approach was to use chemically based tactics for controlling arthropods, diseases and weeds early in the growing season, and afterwards to rely exclusively (for insects) or largely (for other pests) on biologically based tactics, such as cultural, behavioral, and biological controls. Compared with nearby first-level IPM blocks, insecticide use in 1993 was reduced substantially (about 30%), with only slightly more insect injury to fruit and little difference in populations of foliar insect pests. The results for mite pests and diseases were less encouraging although summer pruning significantly reduced disease injury caused by flyspeck. We discuss how second-level IPM poses special biological or operational challenges to apple pest management practitioners. The concept has merit, but refinements are necessary before it can be recommended broadly to commercial apple growers in Massachusetts as an economical and reliable alternative to first-level IPM.

scholarly journals TINGKAT ADOPSI TEKNOLOGI PENGENDALIAN HAMA TERPADU PETANI PADI (Studi Kasus Di Kecamatan Sungai Kakap Kabupaten Kubu Raya)

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Jailanis, Novira Kusrini, Jajat Sudrajat
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Farmer Adoption ◽  
Plant Pest

Plant Pest Organisms disruption on rice cultivation is increasing, the control carried out by the farmers have not succeeded to the maximum, the effects of climate change are difficult to predict. Both can be very threatening productivity of rice plants in the district Kakap River. Control methods that have been recommended by the PP. No.6 1995, protection of plants which is the basic foundation for addressing attacks Plant Pest Organisms Disorder with Integrated Pest Management system. The application of technology by farmers properly and sustainably need to be known, the study aims: (1) to determine the level of adoption of these technologies participating farmers. (2) to determine the factors associated with the level of farmer adoption of Integrated Pest Management technology participants. The elements of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technology are; utilization of natural enemies, agroecosystem management, mechanical physical control, pesticide control and control the group. Variables related to the level of adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technology participating farmers are; farmers age, formal education, non-formal education, farming experience, vast arable land, the ownership status of claim, cosmopolitan and income of farmer. The descriptive method of research that studies the problems of the farming community, relations activities, attitudes, outlook and ongoing process. Population census method used by the four groups of farmers who have been following the activities of the SL-IPM as many as 100 people, to analyze the data using Chi Square test. The results of the study generally indicates the level of participant farmer adoption of IPM technologies in the medium categories means participant farmers of IPM technology is not according with the recommendation. So the IPM technology training through the SL-IPM still needed to farmer groups. Keywords: Plant Pest Organisms disruption, level of adoption, IPM technology

scholarly journals ​Demonstration of Ecological Engineering based Pest Management in Rice Oryza sativa L. through Farmers Participatory Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S. Shanmugam ◽  
M. Sangeetha ◽  
P. Ayyadurai ◽  
Y.G. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Rice Ecosystem

Background: Rice is one of the predominant cereal crop grown in Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu state, India in approximately 4000 hectares with a average productivity of 4500 kg/ha. Hoppers, stem borer, leaf folder, gall midge and ear head bugs are the major insect pests for which farmers resort management practices. Instead of curative management, farmers mostly use the insecticide as prophylactic management which leads to unwarranted problems. Though integrated pest management has been advocated as an alternate strategy, farmers are reluctant to use all the components of IPM and rely on mostly on insecticides. In this context, the ecological engineering pest management can form a better alternative, which also coincides with the age old practice of growing border crops in this region Methods: The potential of Ecological Engineering Pest Management (EEPM) was assessed in comparison with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Farmers Practice (FP) in five farmer’s fields. Based on the results, ten and twenty front line demonstrations were conducted during consecutive years to study the performance of EEPM in Dharmapuri district. Result: The number of hopper/hill, per cent dead heart, per cent white ears in the EEPM was 10.65, 7.07 and 9.65 and in the IPM module 10.18, 8.40 and 11.55 and in the farmers practice 6.73, 10.73 and 12.75 respectively. The natural enemies viz., coccinellids/hill and spiders/hill were more in EEPM (2.00 and 3.15) and least in the farmers practice (0.40 and 0.86). The number of hoppers/hill, per cent dead heart, number of coccinellids/hill and number of spiders per hill was 8.40, 6.00, 3.00 and 1.40 in EEPM and 6.20, 5.40, 1.20 and 0.60 in farmers practice respectively in the 2016-17 front line demonstrations. The EEPM module recorded 8.1, 8.65, 3.5 and 1.75 hopper/hill, per cent dead heart, coccinellids/hill and spiders/hill in 2017-18 front line demonstrations. The farmers were able to save Rs. 5000/- from the plant protection cost apart from getting additional revenue in EEPM. The combination of border crops, influence of border crop on rodent damage in rice ecosystem and benefits of providing separate niche area than border crop are the researchable areas. In spite of above constraints the EEPM can be followed in rice ecosystem with the locally available crop combination to reduce the insecticide usage and increase the beneficials.

scholarly journals Comparative Potential of Different Botanicals and Synthetic Insecticides and Their Economics Against Leucinodes Orbonalis in Eggplant

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Sharma Kumar ◽  
Haseeb Masarrat ◽  
Qamar Muntaha
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Cultural Methods

Comparative Potential of Different Botanicals and Synthetic Insecticides and Their Economics Against Leucinodes Orbonalis in Eggplant The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of two botanicals viz; ozoneem and neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) and three chemical insecticides viz; imidacloprid, alphamathrin, chlorpyriphos 50% EC + cypermethrin 5% EC against Leucinodes orbonalis, during the years from 2008 to 2009. Botanicals were tested alone and in combination with cultural practices. On the basis of the pooled means, the results revealed that three sprays of chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin @ 0.01% active substance (a.s.) in 15 days intervals was found to be the most economical, resulting in minimum shoot (2.15%) and fruit (12.95%) infestation respectively, followed by alphamathrin @ 0.01% a.s. with a highest marketable yield of 87.77 q/ha. Maximum marketable yield was received from the treatment with alphamathrin, but due to high costs involved in the use of this chemical, it took second place. Three sprays of NSKE @ 5 ml/lt. recorded a maximum of shoot (3.91%) and fruit (24.49%) infestation, respectively. However, shoot and fruit infestation was brought down and marketable yield increased to some extent, when these treatments were combined with cultural methods. It is therefore, suggested that the combination of chlorpyriphos 50% EC + cypermethrin 5% EC, being the most effective and economically viable insecticide, can be utilized as a valuable chemical component in Integrated Pest Management to manage the L. orbonalis in eggplant crop.

scholarly journals Demonstrating an integrated pest management strategy in forage- and seed-brassica crops using a collaborative approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abie Horrocks ◽  
Paul A. Horne ◽  
Melanie M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Management Approaches

An integrated pest management (IPM) strategy was compared with farmers’ conventional pest management practices on twelve spring- and autumn-sown seed and forage brassica crops. Demonstration trials were conducted in Canterbury from spring 2015 to autumn 2017 by splitting farmers’ paddocks in half and applying the two management approaches side by side. A farmer participatory approach was used, with management decisions based on monitoring pests and biological-control agents. Farmer and adviser training with a focus on monitoring and identification was carried out. Biological-control agents capable of contributing to pest control were identified in all brassica crops. There was a 35% reduction in the number of insecticides applied under IPM compared with conventional management, negligible crop yield differences, and the type of insecticides applied was different. IPM adoption at these farms was high by the end of the 3-year project with 11 of the 12 farmers implementing IPM across 90—100% of their brassica crops. This project was a starting point for an industry-wide change of practice to IPM, which has become more widespread since its completion.

Plant health, plant protection and abiotic factors.

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-195
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Control Options

Abstract This chapter describes (i) major greenhouse pests (including insects, mites and nematodes) and pest control options focusing on integrated pest management (which involves the use of 'ofter' control options such as biological and microbial control combined with physical exclusion, pest trapping, resistant crops and other methods); (ii) selected diseases of hydroponic crops, including those caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses; and (iii) physiological disorders caused by non-living or non-infectious factors such as temperature, light, irrigation water quality and salinity, chemical injury (phytotoxicity), and cultural practices.

Comparison of Spray Configurations in a Spray Cabin Design for Ornamental Potted Plants: A Proof-of-Concept Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Zwertvaegher ◽  
Dieter Foqué ◽  
Donald Dekeyser ◽  
Stephanie Van Weyenberg ◽  
David Nuyttens
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Potted Plants

Abstract. With the implementation of integrated pest management in the European Union, growers are obliged to manage pests in a manner that minimizes health and environmental risks due to the use of plant protection products. Among other approaches, this goal can be achieved by optimizing spray application techniques. As an alternative to the predominantly used handheld equipment, such as spray guns, spray boom systems might substantially improve spray application, and thus crop protection management, in greenhouses. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to compare different spray configurations in a spray cabin designed to spray ornamental potted plants that are moving on a conveyor belt. Seven different spray configurations were examined for optimal spray deposition in two crops (azalea and ivy) using mineral chelate tracers. The deposition tests showed that the presented prototype can satisfactorily spray potted plants up to a height of 25 cm including the pot height. The best spray deposition was found with two flat-fan nozzles oriented 35° upward, spraying at 1.0 bar and an application rate of 1047 L ha-1. This configuration increased deposition on the underside of the leaves and at the middle foliage layer compared to the other configurations that were evaluated. The spray cabin with a band spray setting has potential to mitigate the use of plant protection products and achieve a more efficient spray application compared to traditional handheld techniques and broadcast spray boom techniques. Keywords: Crop protection, Integrated pest management, Nozzle type, Spray deposition.

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