Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management Programmes and Agricultural Trade: Challenges and Opportunities for Regulatory Plant Protection

Abstract. With the implementation of integrated pest management in the European Union, growers are obliged to manage pests in a manner that minimizes health and environmental risks due to the use of plant protection products. Among other approaches, this goal can be achieved by optimizing spray application techniques. As an alternative to the predominantly used handheld equipment, such as spray guns, spray boom systems might substantially improve spray application, and thus crop protection management, in greenhouses. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to compare different spray configurations in a spray cabin designed to spray ornamental potted plants that are moving on a conveyor belt. Seven different spray configurations were examined for optimal spray deposition in two crops (azalea and ivy) using mineral chelate tracers. The deposition tests showed that the presented prototype can satisfactorily spray potted plants up to a height of 25 cm including the pot height. The best spray deposition was found with two flat-fan nozzles oriented 35° upward, spraying at 1.0 bar and an application rate of 1047 L ha-1. This configuration increased deposition on the underside of the leaves and at the middle foliage layer compared to the other configurations that were evaluated. The spray cabin with a band spray setting has potential to mitigate the use of plant protection products and achieve a more efficient spray application compared to traditional handheld techniques and broadcast spray boom techniques. Keywords: Crop protection, Integrated pest management, Nozzle type, Spray deposition.

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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for Small-Scale Farms in Developed Economies: Challenges and Opportunities

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10060179 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 179 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tessa R. Grasswitz

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Small Farm ◽

Farm Sector ◽

Developed Economies ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

The Usa

Small-scale farms are an important component of agricultural production even in developed economies, and have an acknowledged role in providing other biological and societal benefits, including the conservation of agricultural biodiversity and enhancement of local food security. Despite this, the small-farm sector is currently underserved in relation to the development and implementation of scale-appropriate Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices that could help increase such benefits. This review details some of the characteristics of the small farm sectors in developed economies (with an emphasis on the USA and Europe), and identifies some of the characteristics of small farms and their operators that may favor the implementation of IPM. Some of the challenges and opportunities associated with increasing the uptake of IPM in the small-farm sector are discussed. For example, while some IPM tactics are equally applicable to virtually any scale of production, there are others that may be easier (or more cost-effective) to implement on a smaller scale. Conversely, there are approaches that have not been widely applied in small-scale production, but which nevertheless have potential for use in this sector. Examples of such tactics are discussed. Knowledge gaps and opportunities for increasing IPM outreach to small-scale producers are also identified.

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An alternative way to evaluate the environmental effects of integrated pest management: Pesticide risk indicators

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170507001755 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 213-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Thomas J. Greitens ◽

Esther Day

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Plant Protection ◽

The United States ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Future Research

AbstractThis study examines whether pesticide risk indicators can be used to evaluate the environmental effects of pesticide applications within integrated pest management (IPM) projects. Pesticide risk indicators, commonly used in European countries, are mathematical equations that consider data inputs such as application rates, toxicity levels of a pesticide's active ingredient, meteorological data, the soil characteristics of farm fields, and other information to generate potential risk scores for pesticide applications. These potential risk scores represent the best estimate of a pesticide's impact on the surrounding environment. This project analyzed eight pesticide risk indicators, developed throughout Europe and the United States, with two years of pesticide application data from four farms using IPM. This two-year study allowed for a determination of the validity and reliability of pesticide risk indicators. The findings reveal that only three pesticide risk indicators performed consistently and gave valid results. These indicators are: the synoptic evaluation model for plant protection agents (SYNOPS) indicator from Germany, the multi-attribute toxicity factor from the United States, and the environmental impact quotient from the United States. As a result, the authors recommend these three indicators for future research and for IPM evaluative efforts that emphasize the environmental effects of pesticides.

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Challenges and opportunities for integrated pest management in Europe: A telling example of minor uses

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2015.04.005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

pp. 42-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Jay Ram Lamichhane ◽

Wilma Arendse ◽

Silke Dachbrodt-Saaydeh ◽

Per Kudsk ◽

Johan C. Roman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

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Measuring Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Practices by Citrus Farmers in Tartous Governorate, Syria

Arab Journal Of Plant Protection ◽

10.22268/ajpp-039.4.257267 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 257-267

Author(s):

Shadi Faskha ◽

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Chi Square ◽

Entry Level ◽

Farmer Adoption ◽

Four Levels ◽

Lack Of Commitment

Faskha, S.M. 2021. Measuring Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Practices by Citrus Farmers in Tartous Governorate, Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 257-267. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-039.4.257267 A questionnaire study was conducted to analyze the IPM adoption by citrus farmers in Tartous Governorate during two seasons (2018 and 2019). The questionnaire was designed to collect the required information from a representative sample of farmers (370 farmers). Responses were tabulated, and the extracted data were statistically analyzed by using Chi–Square (X 2 ) at P=0.05. The results obtained indicated that the mean rate of farmer adoption was 5.55 points based on a 10-point scale. Accordingly, practices of the surveyed farmers came in the third level: “IPM level” (based on a proposed scale for adoption consisting of four levels, namely, conventional control, entry level IPM, normal IPM level, and bio-intensive IPM level). The implemented cultural practices, the handling of pesticides, and farmers' knowledge were at the forefront of good practices with mean index of attribute values of 0.66, 0.72 and 0.85, respectively. On the other hand, the Adoptability Index values showed that the non-use of attractant traps, planting mixed varieties, and voluntary lack of commitment to stop spraying (conservation biological control) were -0.46, -0.44 and -0.75, respectively, and those were among the most negative indicators in IPM practices adoption, although 31.35% of farmers did not use chemical control. Keywords: Integrated pest management, IPM, adoption, citrus, Syria.

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Environment-Friendly Cotton Production through Implementing Integrated Pest Management Approach

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v46i4iipp.1119-1135 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 46 (4II) ◽

pp. 1119-1135 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Muhammad Azeem Khan ◽

M. Iqbal ◽

Iftikhar Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Private Sector ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Large Scale ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Scale Up ◽

Management Approach ◽

Pesticide Use ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Environmentally Safe

Tremendous increases in pesticide use in cotton growing areas have severely affected the health of peoples and degraded environment [Poswal and Williamson (1998); Ahmad and Poswal (2000); Orphal 2001 and Khan (2000)]. Farmer Field School (FFS) based IPM implemented in the world to reduce dependence on pesticides and promote environmentally safe plant protection practices. An FFS-led Integrated Pest Management (IMP) model implemented in Pakistan during 1996—popularly known as “Vehari Model”, clearly demonstrated that IPM could be implemented on a large scale at the farm level. UNDP-FAO Policy Reform Project provided required policy level support to scale up the Farmer-led IPM in the country. Implementation of pesticide policy project in Pakistan highlighted that pesticide consumption increased from 665 metric tons in 1980 to 78,132 metric tons in 2003-4. The role of private sector in promoting the production and use of pesticides was found tremendously high. The private sector also took full advantage of government’s pesticide import liberalisation policies. One of the key components of dramatic increase in pesticide use in Pakistan is related to very soft import and registration at that time, which allowed the generic compounds registered elsewhere, to be imported without fieldtesting.

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Integrated Pest Management In Coffee

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i1430496 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

Jeniffer Ribeiro De Oliveira ◽

Weslley do Rosário Santana ◽

Jalille Amim Altoé ◽

Paula Abiko Navarro Carrion ◽

Winy Galacho Baldan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Literature Review ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Management System ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Value Added ◽

Population Level ◽

Successful Production

Coffee (Coffea sp.) Is a crop of great economic relevance, it stands out as one of the most important agricultural commodities for the country. As with any other high value-added crop, coffee crops suffer from the attack of many pests, and proper management of these pests is critical to successful production. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest management system that associates the environment and population dynamics of the pest, considers the use of all available plant protection methods and the integration of appropriate measures to maintain the population level of thepest below the level of damage in an economically, environmentally and ecologically viable way. The purpose of this literature review was to gather information on research involving the integrated management of pests in the coffee crop.

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LEGAL REGULATION OF PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES APPLICATION IN VEGETATION IN UKRAINE IN THE LIGHT OF EU REQUIREMENTS

International scientific journal Internauka Series Juridical Sciences ◽

10.25313/2520-2308-2021-4-7078 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Nataliia Karpinska ◽

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Integrated System ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Phytosanitary Measures ◽

Environmental Goals

The article is devoted to the characterization of phytosanitary legislation of Ukraine through the prism of EU requirements. It is indicated that in Ukraine there is a fairly extensive phytosanitary legislation, based on the Law of Ukraine «On Plant Protection» which contains a legal definition of the basic concept. Based on the analysis of this law, the main features of the legal category «plant protection» are identified and characterized as: systemic, preventive economic and environmental goals, a broad object structure of plant protection relations and protection against biological threats (pests (insects, mites, microorganisms, nematodes) , rodents), pathogens (phytopathogens: viruses, bacteria, fungi), weeds (unwanted vegetation in lands, crops, plantations of crops, which competes with them for light, water, nutrients, and contributes to the spread of pests and diseases )). Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the basic requirements for plant protection, which are divided into three groups, namely: technological requirements, environmental and legal requirements. It is established that in contrast to the limited and debatable list of rights of agricultural entities in the field of plant protection, the responsibilities of such entities are quite detailed and presented in the article in three groups: responsibilities for independent action; responsibilities for promoting the actions of others; responsibilities for the handling of plant protection products. It was found that the legislator in formulating the general responsibilities of agricultural entities (in the opinion of the author of the article), missed an important obligation to apply integrated plant protection, and this aspect is quite fundamental. Based on the analysis of EU legislation, the idea that the implementation of the principles of integrated pest management should be mandatory, and the implementation of integrated pest management is the growth of healthy crops with minimal possible disturbances in agroecosystems and the promotion of natural pest control mechanisms. Methods of plant protection are considered and characterized. The conclusion is substantiated that the modern integrated system of measures is based on the complex application of agrotechnical, chemical and biological methods of plant protection, where the main criterion is the optimization of the chemical method of protection.

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