scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE OF BIOFILM FORMS OF AVIAN SALMONELLA GALLINARUM TO FLUOROQUINOLONES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Kamashi ◽  
Mr. Honnegowda ◽  
Mayanna Asha ◽  
Chandrakala Ms.
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Antibacterial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Broth Dilution

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern worldwide. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics for a period of time has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of fluoroquinolone drugs, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin and ofloxacin against avian Salmonella gallinarum bacterial biofilms. The study parameters, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and biofilm elimination concentration (BEC) were determined on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 20 post inoculation for the planktonic (free) and biofilm cells of S. gallinarum by macro broth dilution method. The MIC and MBC values determined on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 20 for each of the fluoroquinolone drugs against the planktonic and biofilm forms of avian S. gallinarum were found to be non-significant. BEC values determined against the biofilm forms of S. gallinarum during the study period were found to be non-significant among the tested fluoroquinolones. The results of the present study demonstrated that fluoroquinolone drugs were effective in vitro against both the planktonic and biofilm forms of avian S. gallinarum.

The in vitro efficacy of neutral electrolysed water and povidone-iodine against CRS-associated biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
C.A. Lux ◽  
K. Biswas ◽  
M.W. Taylor ◽  
R.G. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity

Background: Despite best medical and surgical practice, some cases of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can remain recalcitrant. Bacterial biofilms have been associated with the recalcitrance of sinonasal inflammation. Biofilms are highly resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Accordingly, more effective antimicrobial treatment options are needed to treat refractory CRS. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro efficacy of neutral electrolysed water (NEW) and povidone-iodine (PVI) against CRS-associated Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Methods: Mature S. aureus biofilms were grown in a Centre for Disease Control (CDC) biofilm reactor. The antimicrobial activity of NEW, PVI and doxycycline was determined for both planktonic and biofilm cultures of a clinical S. aureus isolate using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assays. Results: MICs and MBCs were determined for all antimicrobials. MBC values were similar to MICs for both antiseptics, but doxycycline MBCs were significantly higher than the associated MICs. Biofilms were highly resistant to NEW and doxycycline. The MBEC for doxycycline was between 500 and 1000 µg/mL. NEW was ineffective against biofilms and no MBEC could be determined. In contrast, a concentration of 10% of the commercial PVI solution (10 mg/mL PVI) led to effective eradication of mature biofilms. Conclusion: In this study, only PVI showed promising antibiofilm activity at physiological concentrations. The in vivo efficacy of PVI warrants further investigation of its potential as a treatment for recalcitrant CRS.

scholarly journals IN VITRO MICROBIAL TIME-KILLING CURVE FOR NEWLY SYNTHESIZED AMINOACETYLENIC-2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE COMPOUND

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Aseel Alsarahni ◽  
Zuhair Muhi Eldeen ◽  
Elham Al-kaissi ◽  
Hiba Al-malliti
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Broth Dilution

Objective: To determine the time needed for killing different types of microorganisms by a newly synthesized 2-mercapto-1,3-benzothiazole derivative in comparison to ciprofloxacin and fluconazole.Methods: The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for 2-{[4-(2,6-dimethylPiperidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]Sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole(AZ3) compound were determined, using the broth dilution method. The MBC and MFC dilutions were prepared. Broth cultures of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, and Candida albicans (C. albicans) was incubated at 25 °C for 48 h. 0.1 ml of each broth culture represent 1.5 x 106 CFU/ml was challenged with 9.9 ml broth containing the MBC or MFC concentrations of the AZ3 compound. From each sample at different time intervals, 1 ml was taken and added to 9 ml of sterile distilled water, in order to neutralize the effect of AZ3. Serial dilution was done and a viable count was determined from the appropriate dilutions.Results: The viability of the P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis and C. albicans were killed within 3.5 h, 5 h, 24 h, 3 h and 5 h respectively. The time killing curves showed that AZ3 needed longer time for killing S. aureus than the time needed to kill B. subtilis. On the other hand, AZ3 needed a shorter time to kill P. aeruginosa, than the time needed to kill E. coli. In comparison with ciprofloxacin, AZ3 needed a shorter time to kill P. aeruginosa and E. coli, and the same time to kill B. subtilis, while it needed longer time than ciprofloxacin to kill S. aureus. In comparison with fluconazole, AZ3 with lower MFC than fluconazole needed longer time to kill C. albicans.Conclusion: AZ3 showed promising antimicrobial killing activities, in compared with ciprofloxacin and fluconazole, which promoted our interest to investigate the time of killing needed for other 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives against different types of microorganisms.

scholarly journals Synthesis and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Quaternization 10-Methoxycanthin-6-one Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Jiang-Kun Dai ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Jin-Yi Wang ◽  
Jun-Ru Wang
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Natural products are an important source of antibacterial agents. Canthin-6-one alkaloids have displayed potential antibacterial activity based on our previous work. In order to improve the activity, twenty-two new 3-N-benzylated 10-methoxy canthin-6-ones were designed and synthesized through quaternization reaction. The in vitro antibacterial activity against three bacteria was evaluated by double dilution method. Four compounds (6f, 6i, 6p and 6t) displayed 2-fold superiority (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 3.91 µg/mL) against agricultural pathogenic bacteria R. solanacearum and P. syringae than agrochemical propineb. Moreover, the structure–activity relationships (SARs) were also carefully summarized in order to guide the development of antibacterial canthin-6-one agents.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Properties of Local Malaysian Trigona Sp. Honey Towards Different of Pathogenic Bacteria in Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fawzia Jassim Shalsh ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed Khalaf ◽  
Mohammed Hafiz ◽  
Imad Ibrahim Ali
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Test

Honey is one of the oldest natural medicines known with a very high therapeutic value. Nowadays, in the medical field, several important therapeutic effects of honey have been elucidated. This study was conducted to reveal the antimicrobial activity of the commercially available local Malaysian Trigona sp. honey towards different pathogenic bacteria specifically Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. The Minimum inhibitory concentration and Minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by the disc-diffusion test and agar well diffusion test. Different concentration of the honey was tested in the disc-diffusion and agar well diffusion test. The results of these tests were in terms of Inhibition zone diameter. The results obtained from the current study are the dilution of different concentration of honey from Trigona sp. are very significant because the only net concentration of both of honey Trigon a sp. possessed antimicrobial properties in term of Minimum inhibitory concentration) and Minimum bactericidal concentration. The result also can say that Trigona sp. honey possessed antibacterial properties and can be used as alternative medicine in the veterinary field in the future.

scholarly journals Inhibition Strength of Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Boiled Water on Salmonella typhi in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Ayu Sutiany ◽  
Ratih Dewi Dwiyanti ◽  
Neni Oktiyani
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Cooking Water

Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a plant that can use as herbal medicine. Roselle calyx contains active compounds flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. These compounds can use as an antibacterial against Salmonella typhi. This study aims to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration and the effect of rosella cooking water concentration on Salmonella typhi in vitro. Experimental research with posttest only controls group design through dilution method. The results of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) study showed clarity at concentrations of 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) results obtained the number of colonies at a concentration of 60% by one colony, at a level of 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% showed no colony growth. Based on the results of the study concluded that there was an influence of rosella cooking water concentration on the growth of Salmonella typhi in vitro.

Antimycobacterial Effect of Extract and Its Components from Rheum rhaponticum

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Danuta Smolarz ◽  
Marta Swatko-Ossor ◽  
Grażyna Ginalska ◽  
Ewa Medyńska
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Rheum Rhaponticum ◽  
Stilbene Derivatives ◽  
Anthracene Derivatives ◽  
Aloe Emodin ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Broth Dilution

Abstract The global threat of tuberculosis demands the search for alternative antimycobacterial drugs. The present study examined roots and petioles from Rheum rhaponticum for antimycobacterial activity. Crude methanol extracts and eight phenolic compounds isolated by preparative column chromatography were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosisH37Ra and M. bovis using the broth dilution method. The extract from roots and its components, such as rhaponticin, deoxyrhaponticin, resveratrol, barbaloin, aloe-emodin, and chrysophanol were found to have antimycobacterial activity against both microorganisms. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of all the investigated samples ranged from 32 to 512 μg/mL. The anthracene derivatives were the most active; their MICs were 32, 64, and 64 μg/mL (M. tuberculosisH37Ra) and 128, 64, and 64 μg/mL (M. bovis), respectively. The microorganisms were resistant to stimulation with extract from petioles, as were quercetin and rutin. The results showed that anthracene and stilbene derivatives play a prominent role in the antimycobacterial properties of R. rhaponticum.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of Three Triazole Derivatives

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Morshed ◽  
MF Islam ◽  
MA Yousuf ◽  
GMG Hossain ◽  
JA Khanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Triazole Derivatives

Due to the medicinal importance of triazole derivatives, the antimicrobial property of three synthesized triazole derivatives were screened in vitro against some Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacteria and some pathogenic fungi. In this study, three compounds 2-(5-mercapto-4-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4] triazole-3-yl]-cyclohexa- 1,5-dienol (S1), 2-[5-mercapto-4-(2-mercapto-phenyl)-4H- [1,2,4] triazole-3-yl]-phenol (S2) and 4-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)- 5-mercapto-[1,2,4] triazole-4-yl]-benzene sulfonamide (S3) have been synthesized. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed by serial dilution technique. The compounds showed moderate antimicrobial activity against all the tested organisms and the results are comparable to standard antibiotic kanamycin. The MIC values of the compounds were found to be in the range of 16~64μg/ml. The low MIC and MBC values and high sensitivity of pathogenic microorganisms to the compounds led to conclude that the triazole derivatives have potential antimicrobial properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i1.10014 DUJPS 2011; 10(1): 43-47

scholarly journals The antimicrobial peptide TAT-RasGAP317-326 inhibits the formation and the expansion of bacterial biofilms in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tytti Heinonen ◽  
Simone Hargraves ◽  
Maria Georgieva ◽  
Christian Widmann ◽  
Nicolas Jacquier
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Further Development

AbstractBiofilms are structured aggregates of bacteria embedded in a self-produced matrix. Pathogenic bacteria can form biofilms on surfaces and in tissues leading to nosocomial and chronic infections. While antibiotics are largely inefficient in limiting biofilm formation and expansion, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as alternative anti-biofilm treatments. In this study, we explore the effect of the newly described AMP TAT-RasGAP317-326 on Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. We observe that TAT-RasGAP317-326 inhibits the formation of biofilms at concentrations equivalent or two times superior to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the corresponding planktonic bacteria. Moreover, TAT-RasGAP317-326 limits the expansion of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa established biofilms at concentrations 2-4 times superior to the MIC. These results further confirm the potential of AMPs against biofilms, expand the antimicrobial potential of TAT-RasGAP317-326 and support further development of this peptide as an alternative antimicrobial treatment.

Investigation for New Inhibitors of UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine Enolpyruvyl Transferase (MurA) by Virtual Screening with Antibacterial Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilham Boulhissa ◽  
Abdelouahab Chikhi ◽  
Abderrahmane Bensegueni ◽  
Mohammad Ahmad Ghattas ◽  
El Hassen Mokrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Chemical Library ◽  
Broth Dilution

Background: View to its interesting role in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway the enzyme UDP-N- acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase is an attractive target to develop new antibacterial agents, it catalyzes the first key step of this pathway and its inhibition leads to the bacterial cell death. Fosfomycin is known as the natural inhibitor of MurA. Objective: Call new inhibitors of MurA by virtual screening of different chemical compounds libraries, and test the best scored “virtual hits” against three pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: A Virtual screening of the structural analogues of fosfomycin downloaded from PubChem database was performed on one side and of the French National Chemical Library as well as using ZINC database to identify new structures different from fosfomycin on the other, FlexX was the software used for this study. The antibacterial testing was divided into methods: disk diffusion and broth dilution. Results: A set of virtual hits was found with better energy score than that of fosfomycin, seven between them were tested in vitro. Therefore, disk diffusion method explored four compounds exhibited antibacterial activity: CID-21680357 (fosfomycin analogue), AB-00005001, ZINC04658565, and ZINC901335. The testing was continued by broth dilution method for both compounds CID-21680357 and ZINC901335 to determine their minimum inhibitory concentrations, and ZINC901335 had the best value with 457µg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: Four compounds were found and proven in silico and in vitro to have antibacterial activity: CID-21680357, AB-00005001, ZINC04658565, and ZINC901335.

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