scholarly journals BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW ABOUT DOSAGE FORMS AND RECENT STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meliha GÜNEŞ ◽  
Sinem Yaprak KARAVANA ◽  
Evren ALGIN YAPAR
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Buccal Drug Delivery ◽  
E Mail

Management of illness through medication is entering a new era in which growing number of novel drug delivery systems are being employed and are available for therapeutic use. Pharmaceutical research and development is currently focused on the development of drug delivery systems to target a drug to the desired organ or site with the aim of minimizing its overall distribution in the body. The oral mucosa has many properties which make it an attractive site for drug delivery but simultaneously provide several problems for researchers for effective and efficient delivery of therapeutic active agents. However, with the development of novel delivery techniques overcome several challenges. Oral mucosa delivery has many advantageslike high blood flow, rapid recovery, prevention of hepatic first-pass effect and pre-systemic elimation in gastrointestinal tract. On the other hand relatively small surface area and significant loss of drug due to swallowing and salivary flow are main limitations of buccal delivery. Different formulations including sprays, tablets, mouthwashes, gels, pastes and patches are presently used for delivery into and/or across the oral mucosa. Over the last 20 years, a wide range of formulations has been developed for buccal drug delivery systems but unfortunately few have been accomplished to be a medicine. One of the main reasons of this unsuccessful result could be the lack of the standardized methods which evaluate in vitro performance of buccal dosage forms. Thus aim of this review, to discuss the potential of buccal drug delivery and buccal dosage forms and also explore recent studies and in vitro analysesmethodology of buccal dosage forms. Peer Review History: UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 4.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Name: Robert Tungadi  Affiliation: State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby Affiliation: Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt E-mail: [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A TOOL FOR THE EFFECTIVE DELIVERY OF PHARMACEUTICALS

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON AN EMERGIN TREND BILAYER FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
ANJALI CHOURASIYA ◽  
◽  
NARENDRA GEHALOT ◽  
SURESH CHANDRA MAHAJAN ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Bilayer Tablets ◽  
Bilayer Tablet ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Gastro Retentive

NDDS is advanced drug delivery system which improves drug potency, control drug release to give a sustained therapeutic effect, provide greater safety, finally it is to target a drug specifically to a desired tissue. Novel drug delivery system have been developed to overcome the limitation of conventional drug delivery systems, such as of gastric retention by decreasing fluctuations in the concentration of the drug in blood,resulting in the reduction in unwanted toxicity and poor efficiency. As compared to traditional dosage forms bilayer tablets are more efficient for sequential release of two drugs that can be different or identical. Bilayer tablet is also capable of separating two incompatible substances and also for sustained release. Gastro retentive drug delivery system retains the period of dosage forms in the stomach or upper gastro intes-tinal tract ,as to improve bioavailability and the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. Mainly the bilayer drug delivery system is suitable for drugs whose therapethic windows are narrow in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and also they have low elimination half life: 3-4 h. The purpose of this review is to disclose the challenges faced during the formulation of bilayer tablets. Finally, the whole article is firmly analyzed in a concluding paragraph. KEYWORDS: Conventional drug delivery systems, Bilayer tablet, Gastro retentive, Bioavailability

scholarly journals A hydrogel based quasi-stationary test system for in vitro dexamethasone release studies for middle ear drug delivery systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Thomas Eickner ◽  
Michael Teske ◽  
Natalia Rekowska ◽  
Volkmar Senz ◽  
Klaus-Peter Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Test System ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release

Abstract For the investigation of in vitro drug release, methods have been used in which samples of drug delivery systems are immersed in release medium. The medium is used to measure drug concentration via chromatography or photometry. These systems are suitable to investigate the drug release of different systems or to simulate tissue environments. When considering predominantly humid regions, e.g. for drug release into the cochlea through the round window membrane by a drug delivery system placed at that membrane, reproducible in vitro determination of drug release becomes particularly challenging. In this study the development of a system is reported that allows the investigation of the in vitro drug release simulating such conditions. The presented test system consists of an alginate hydrogel in glass vials simulating the biological membrane, which separates the drug delivery system from the medium filled compartment. Saline is used as release medium and injected under the hydrogel. The samples are placed on top of the hydrogel, which slightly contacts the medium surface. The drug concentration in the release medium was determined by HPLC measurements. This system allows for testing the release of dexamethasone without the samples being completely surrounded by medium. The hydrogel mediates the diffusion of the drug by ensuring the contact with the medium. Release was monitored for more than 23 days. The presented concept was successfully designed and manufactured. The system is inexpensive and can be duplicated easily. In this study, it was used to monitor the drug release of dexamethasone from PEGDA700 derived polymer. One challenge that remains to be considered is the low mechanical stability of the hydrogel, which results in a need for repeated manufacturing during the handling of the system.

scholarly journals PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A FORMULATION APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF DISEASES

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
PASHAM SOWMYA ◽  
VENKATESH DP ◽  
SUJIT NAYEK
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
Pulsatile Drug Delivery

location at a particular time. Some of the conditions under which pulsatile drug delivery system is positive include duodenal ulcer, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, asthma, diabetes, neurological disorder, cancer, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Pulsatile drug delivery systems are essentially time-controlled drug delivery systems in which the lag time is regulated independently of environmental factors such as pH, enzymes, gastrointestinal motility, etc. The theory justification for the use of pulsatile release is for drugs where a continuous release of drugs is not needed, i.e. a zero-order release. Drug administration in chronopharmacotherapy is coordinated with biological rhythms to achieve full therapeutic effect and minimize harm to the patient. This drug delivery system is designed to distribute drugs in accordance with body clock. The pulse must be designed in such a way as to achieve a total and rapid release after the lag time. Pulsatile drug delivery is therefore one device that provides strong promises of benefit to patients suffering from chronic conditions such as arthritis, asthma, hypertension by delivering medication at the right time, right place and in appropriate quantities. In recent pharmaceutical applications involving pulsatile delivery; multi-particulate dosage forms (e. g. pellets) over single-unit dosage forms are gaining more popularity. On the basis of methodologies, various pulsatile technologies have been developed, including ACCU-BREAKTM, AQUALON, CODAS ®, PRODAS ®, SODAS ®, MINITABS ®, DIFFUCAPS ®, OROS ® etc.

Bentonite nanoclay-based drug-delivery systems for treating melanoma

Clay Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Hosseini ◽  
Farzaneh Hosseini ◽  
Seyyed Mehdi Jafari ◽  
Azade Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Release Pattern

ABSTRACTLocal chemotherapy with biocompatible drug-delivery systems prolongs survival in patients. Due to the biocompatibility and high loading capacity, bentonite nanoclay is a good candidate for the fabrication of drug-delivery vehicles. In this study, doxorubicin-bentonite nanoclay complex (DOX-Bent complex) was prepared for the first time as a sustained-release drug-delivery system for intratumoural chemotherapy of melanoma. An efficient loading of DOX on 1 mg of bentonite nanoclay as high as 994.45 ± 4.9 µg was obtained at a 30:1 DOX:bentonite nanoclay mass ratio. The DOX-Bent complex showed a low initial burst release of DOX in the first 24 h of release, followed by a sustained-release pattern for 21 days. The cumulativein vitrorelease of DOX from the DOX-Bent complex at pHs 6.5 and 7.4 revealed that the DOX-Bent complex can distinguish between tumour and normal tissues and express specific drug release at the tumour site. The results of cytotoxicity experiments indicated that the release pattern of DOX can supply sufficient DOX to inhibit growth of the melanoma cancer cell with an IC50 of 0.29 ± 0.07 µg/mL. It is thus suggested that the DOX-Bent complex be introduced as a drug-delivery system for effective local cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Transfersomes: a novel technique for transdermal drug delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Chaurasiya ◽  
Eisha Ganju ◽  
Neeraj Upmanyu ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Ray ◽  
Prabhat Jain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Drug

Novel drug delivery systems are now a days is creating a new interest in development of drug deliveries. Vesicular drug delivery system is also a part of these novel drug delivery systems. TDDS is the permeability of the skin, it is permeable to small molecules, lipophilic drug and highly impermeable to the macromolecules and hydrophilic drugs. Recent approaches have resulted in design of two vesicular carriers, ethosomes and ultra flexible lipid based elastic vesicles, transferosomes. Transferosomes have recently been introduced, which are capable of transdermal delivery of low as well as high molecular weight drugs. This offers several potential advantages over conventional routes like avoidance of first pass metabolism, predictable and extended duration of activity, minimizing undesirable side effects, utility of short half life drugs, improving physiological and pharmacological response and have been applied to increases the efficiency of the material transfer across the intact skin, by the use of penetration enhancers, iontophoresis, sonophoresis and use of colloidal carriers such as lipid vesicles (liposomes & proliposomes) and non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes & proniosomes). It is suitable for controlled and targeted drug delivery and it can accommodate drug molecules with wide range of solubility. Due to its high deformability it gives better penetration of intact vesicles. They are biocompatible and biodegradable as they are made from natural phospholipids and have high entrapment efficiency. The preparation variables are depending upon the procedure involved for manufacturing of formulation and the preparation procedure was accordingly optimized and validated. Characterization of transferosomes can be done to know the vesicle size, morphology, drug content, entrapment efficiency, penetration ability, occlusion effect, surface charge, in vitro drug release, in vitro skin penetration etc., It increases stability of labile drugs and provides control release. Transferosomes thus differs from such more conventional vesicles primarily by its softer, more deformable, better adjustable artificial membrane. Keywords: Novel Drug Delivery System, Biocompatible, Characterization, Transferosomes.

scholarly journals Modeling the Oral Cavity with Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems - A Potential Alternative to Conventional Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Deevan Paul ◽  
P. Samatha ◽  
S. Manasa ◽  
R. Munemma ◽  
D. Supriya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Mucosal Drug Delivery

Oral mucosal drug delivery system is widely applicable as novel site for administration of drug and controlled release action by preventing first pass metabolism and enzymatic degradation due to GI microbial flora. The oral cavity represents a challenging area to develop an effective drug delivery modelling. This arises due to the various inherent functions of the oral cavity (eating, swallowing, speaking, chewing), as well as the presence of the fluid that is involved in all these activities, saliva. This fluid is continually secreted into and then removed from the mouth. Oral Mucosa drug delivery system provides local and systemic action. The delivery of drugs through the buccal mucosa has attracted much research interest over the past two decades and numerous approaches, both conventional and complex, have been developed in an attempt to deliver a variety of pharmaceutical compounds via the buccal route. To outline the progress in the in vitro and in vivo modeling of Mucosal drug delivery and provide a critical review of currently used methods. The purpose of this review is to represent the modeling of oral cavity with Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems and clarify the potential alternative to conventional therapy.

scholarly journals GASTRO RETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A SIGNIFICANT TOOL TO INCREASE THE GASTRIC RESIDENCE TIME OF DRUGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
KANUPRIYA C. ◽  
NIMRATA SETH ◽  
N. S. GILL
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Gastro Retentive

Writing the review on gastro retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) was to start up the current literature with a special consequence on several gastro retentive approaches that have become main mode in the field of site-specific orally conduct sustained/controlled release drug delivery. Multi-furious ways have been made in research and development to rate-controlled oral drug delivery systems to solve physiological difficulties, like short gastric residence times (GRT) and unpredictable gastric emptying times (GET). GRDDS is a tool to prolong the GRT, thereby targeting site-specific drug release in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or systemic effect. Oral dosage forms as low bioavailability issues because of their swift gastric transition from the stomach, particularly in the case of drugs that are less soluble at an alkaline pH of the intestine. The drugs that produce their local action in the stomach get quickly emptied and don’t get enough residence time in the stomach. Many efforts have been made to extend the retention time of a drug delivery system to reduce the frequency of dose administration. GRDDS not only prolong dosing intervals but also increase patient compliance beyond the level of existing controlled release dosage forms. This article gives an overview of the advantages, disadvantages, and characterization of gastro retentive drug delivery systems. This also includes commercially available gastro retentive products and patents.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON NOVEL OSMOTIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
AS Bansode ◽  
K Sarvanan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body

Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) are the key area of pharmaceutical research and Development. The reason is relatively low development cost and time required for introducing a NDDS as compared to new chemical entity. Many conventional drug delivery systems have been designed to modulate the release a drug over an extended period of a time. Various designs are available to control or modulate the drug release from a dosage forms. Majority of oral CR dosage forms fall in the category of matrix, reservoir or osmotic systems. Osmotically controlled drug delivery systems (OCDDS) is one of the most promising drug delivery technology that use osmotic pressure as a driving force for controlled delivery of active agents. Drug release from OCDDS is independent of pH and hydrodynamic conditions of the body because of the semipermeable nature of the Rate controlling membrane and the design of deliver orifice used in osmotic systems, so a high degree of In vitro/In vivo correlation is achieved. Osmotic drug delivery systems release the drug with the zero order kinetics which does not depend on the initial concentration and the physiological factors of GIT. This review brings out new technologies, fabrication and recent clinical research in osmotic drug delivery. Keywords: Osmotic, Matrix, Reservoir, Fabrication

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