TULSI: A MIRACLE HERB USED IN THE TREATMENT OF MANY ILLNESSES: A REVIEW

Tulsi, the famous "unmatched" plant of India, is one of the most popular and beneficial of the numerous therapeutic and health-promoting herbs. Ayurvedic and Unani systems Medicinal natural products are increasingly being investigated in clinical trials for superior pharmacological responses and lack of side effects compared to symptomatic agents. Ocimum sanctum, often referred to as "Holy Basil" or "Tulsi," is known in the traditional Ayurvedic literature for its use in the treatment of many illnesses. The active ingredients obtained from plants, and their biological function in disease prevention have stimulated people's curiosity. This overview includes the nomenclature of plant vesicles, their components, and their use in the treatment of diseases. KEYWORDS: Illness, Ayurveda, Diseases, Treat, Tulsi, Natural product, Plant

ROLE OF DRUG DISCOVERY IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS: AN OVERVIEW

Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants are drugs, which produce a response that could be used to alleviate a particular medical condition. These are the agents, which speed up to treat conditions characterized by lack of adrenergic stimulation, including narcolepsy and neonatal apnea. The majority of CNS stimulants is chemically similar to the neurohormone norepinephrine and simulates the traditional "fight or flight" syndrome associated with sympathetic nervous system arousal. A small figure of added members of the CNS stimulant class do not fall into definite chemical groups. The review on central nervous system stimulants gives detail study of CNS stimulant drugs, their mechanism of action and in vivo models of CNS stimulants. The brain is a delicate tissue, and advancement built very effective methods to guard it. Unfortunately, the same mechanisms that protect it against intrusive chemicals can also upset therapeutic interventions. Many current medications are rendered unsuccessful in the treatment of cerebral maladies due to our incapability to efficiently deliver and sustain them within the brain. KEYWORDS: CNS Stimulants, Blood brain barrier (BBB), Drug toxicity, Drug Safety

A REVIEW ON AN EMERGIN TREND BILAYER FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

NDDS is advanced drug delivery system which improves drug potency, control drug release to give a sustained therapeutic effect, provide greater safety, finally it is to target a drug specifically to a desired tissue. Novel drug delivery system have been developed to overcome the limitation of conventional drug delivery systems, such as of gastric retention by decreasing fluctuations in the concentration of the drug in blood,resulting in the reduction in unwanted toxicity and poor efficiency. As compared to traditional dosage forms bilayer tablets are more efficient for sequential release of two drugs that can be different or identical. Bilayer tablet is also capable of separating two incompatible substances and also for sustained release. Gastro retentive drug delivery system retains the period of dosage forms in the stomach or upper gastro intes-tinal tract ,as to improve bioavailability and the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. Mainly the bilayer drug delivery system is suitable for drugs whose therapethic windows are narrow in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and also they have low elimination half life: 3-4 h. The purpose of this review is to disclose the challenges faced during the formulation of bilayer tablets. Finally, the whole article is firmly analyzed in a concluding paragraph. KEYWORDS: Conventional drug delivery systems, Bilayer tablet, Gastro retentive, Bioavailability

ORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF LIPOSOMAL HYDROGEL FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNE

This work aimed to prepare and evaluate the topical liposomal hydrogel to treat antibiotic-resistant propionic bacterium acne. Nadifloxacin-loaded liposomes were prepared by thin-film hydration technique. Nadifloxacin, soya lecithin, cholesterol were dissolved in a mixture of chloroform and taken in different levels, and liposomes were prepared. The prepared liposomes were evaluated for in-vitro drug release. Formulation F2 was the highest percentage entrapment of 71±1.50% and released 58.12±1.2% of the drug in 6hrs. Minocycline hydrochloride-based hydrogel was prepared using the methylcellulose gelling agent, and the drug concentration was kept constant at 0.25%. The concentration of propylene glycol and methylparaben was kept constant at 15% and 0.3%. The hydrogel formulation was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters like percentage drug content, spreadability, and drug release. Formulation H9 was the highest drug content, 98.23 ± 0.031%, and the drug released 90.96±2.6% of the drug in 6hr. Out of these formulations, F2 from liposomes and H9 from hydrogel formula was selected to prepare the final liposomal hydrogel formulation. Developed liposomal hydrogel(F2H9) were evaluated like size, drug content and drug entrapment spreadability, homogeneity, washability, pH, etc. In-vitro drug release from liposomal hydrogel in Nadifloxacin release 54.86±3.1% and Minocycline hydrochloride 91.24±1.82% in 6hr. Developed liposomal hydrogel formulation can better treat acne due to high drug retention and permeation in skin layers. KEYWORDS: Acne, antibiotics, liposomes, hydrogel, Nadifloxacin, Minocycline hydrochloride

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LORNOXICAM AND PARACETAMOL IN COMBINED TABLET DOSAGE FORM USING REVERSE PHASE HIGH- PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD

Using simple, precise, and accurate reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method, the synchronous of lornoxicam (LOR) and paracetamol (PCM) in the unite dosage form in the tablet has been established and confirmed. Acetonitrile: methanol: water is the mobile phase of the RP-HPLC method (pH adjusted with orthophosphoric acid), pH 3.8 (50:30:20 v/v/v), a diode array detector tuned to 290 nm was used to detect the signal. For LOR and PCM, chromatographic technique linearity was obtained in the concentration, ranges of 2-40 and 8–150 g/mL, respectively. In HPLC techniques, the recoveries were in the range of 99.85 0.0642 percent for LOR and 99.73 0.187 percent for PCM. Both approaches may be used to analyze the medicines in a pharmaceutical formulation regularly. The results of the analysis were statistically verified. KEYWORDS: linearity, validation, oxicam, N-methyl Aspartate

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS OF LANSOPRAZOLE BY SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUE

The present study was focused on preparation and evaluation of Lanzoprazole fast dissolving tablets. Lansoprazole (LAN) is a proton pump inhibitor drug and used for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Lansoprazole is acid labile drug and to avoid the acidic pH of the stomach LAN is formulated as oral fast dissolving tablets. Lansoprazole is the class II drug of the BCS classification and has a low aqueous solubility. Hence, to improve the solubility of the drug we have prepared Lansoprazole solid dispersion with poly ethylene glycol and complex with β cyclodextrin. Fast Dissolving tablets of LAN were formulated using different superdisintegrants like Sodium Starch Glycolate, Cross Povidone, Cross Carmellose Sodium by direct compression method. The prepared fast dissolving tablets were evaluated for various parameters like weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, drug content, wetting time, in-vitro drug release and short term stability studies. Percentage weight variation, hardness, friability and drug content uniformity were found to be within the approved range for all the formulations. The in-vitro release studies showed that 99.6% of LAN within 90 sec. Overall, in the formulations prepared by the direct compression method, F3, which contains 6% CCS as super disintegrants release 99% of (LAN) in 2 min was found to be the best formulation. The results concluded that fast dissolving tablets of LAN showing enhanced dissolution might lead to improved bioavailability and effective therapy for gastric ulcer. KEYWORDS: β cyclodextrin, Cross Povidone, Fast dissolving tablets, Gastric ulcer, Lanzoprazole, Solid dispersion

A brief Overview of a Fatal Disease Namely Cancer

In today era cancer is a dangerous and terrible disease which cause due to rapid increment of unusual cells within the body. Cancer is the second influential cause of death in the world. It has become very difficult overcome cancerous disease. 10 million people died per year from cancer. The major cause of cancer is sudden change in DNA within the cells. As a result normal cells convert into cancerous cells which enhance the process of metastasis. There are some treatments of this dangerous disease but cancer treatments are so expensive not everyone and the common man can get. So, it’s our responsibility to spread awareness and convince people about such a disease. Its simple purpose is that after reading people should know more about it. And whatever, things are follow in our daily life to avoid cancer disease. Keywords: Neoplasm, Carcinoma, Leukemia, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy.

Formulation and Evaluation of Curcumin Loaded Nanoliposome on Brain Targeted

The present work aimed to produce Curcumin based nanoliposomes that nanoliposome can target the site via the brain in a controlled manner. Nanoliposomes are important in controlling the carriage; Curcumin which is an active constituent of curcuminoids thus also provides an effective treatment for the central nervous system and plays a crucial role. The interaction of the drug was ruled out by FT-IR studies and no incompatibility and lipids and surfactant. To optimize the formulation, factors affecting the physical appearance of Nanoliposomes were investigated. Curcumin-loaded Nanoliposomes were formulated using cholesterol by physical dispersion method and characterized for particle size, drug content, stability, production yield. Prepared nanoliposomes gave the better physical, morphological concerning the concentration of the lipids, surfactant, and ratio of lipid and surfactant. Six different formulations of Nanoliposomes F1-F6 were formulated to obtain the optimized formulation. The TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) of Nanoliposomes showed that they were rounded in shape and porous in texture. In-vitro drug release of formulation indicates that formulation F6 was selected as an optimized formulation for incorporation into the nanoliposomes among all the six formulations and liposome showed drug release in a controlled manner at the end of 10 hours. Keywords: Curcumin, Nanoliposomes, Physical Dispersion Method, Brain Targeting, Blood-Brain Barrier, Cholesterol, Bioavailability, In vitro Release.

COVID-19 pandemic: The deadly respiratory disease of 21st century

The sudden outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated from Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory illness and becomes a major threat for humanity. Recently the entire scientist, researchers and physicians all over the countries focused to find the treatment of this pandemic disease. Numerous drugs and or vaccines have been trialed for prevention and treatment against 2019-nCoV but no therapy has been shown effective to date. Currently, numerous vaccines are under clinical investigation and mRNA-1273 vaccine (LNP- encapsulated mRNA vaccine encoding S protein) from Moderna is ahead. Although chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir and many other drugs had recommended against SARS-CoV-2, but still they are not the guarantee treatment of COVID-19. Recently, India, America, Russia and China introduced vaccines against COVID-19 in the market, however assurance of their 100% effectiveness are doubtful. The speed of daily new cases threatens the world and urges the scientist to crack this pandemic condition. KEYWORDS: 2019-nCoV; Chloroquine; COVID-19; Moderna; Respiratory disease; Remdesivir.

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of some 1,2,4-Triazolo-5-Thione Derivatives

Due to this increasing predicament of antibiotic confrontation, the lot of distinct antibiotics available is dwindling and there are only smatterings of new antibiotics in the drug development channel. Therefore, an intense necessitate for new antimicrobial drugs. In current study, substituted 1,2,4-triazolo-5-thione derivatives were synthesized from substituted aromatic aldehydes, succinic acids and the structure of synthesized compounds were established by physicochemical (Melting Point, Rf value) and spectral analysis (IR, NMR & Mass). The title compounds were then evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against ciprofloxacin as a standard drug using agar plate method. Among all synthesized derivatives A5 and A6 found were found to possess very promising antimicrobial activity. Keywords: 1,2,4-triazolo-5-thione, anti-microbial, antibiotic, thione, Ciprofloxacin.