scholarly journals GASTRO RETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A SIGNIFICANT TOOL TO INCREASE THE GASTRIC RESIDENCE TIME OF DRUGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
KANUPRIYA C. ◽  
NIMRATA SETH ◽  
N. S. GILL
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Gastro Retentive

Writing the review on gastro retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) was to start up the current literature with a special consequence on several gastro retentive approaches that have become main mode in the field of site-specific orally conduct sustained/controlled release drug delivery. Multi-furious ways have been made in research and development to rate-controlled oral drug delivery systems to solve physiological difficulties, like short gastric residence times (GRT) and unpredictable gastric emptying times (GET). GRDDS is a tool to prolong the GRT, thereby targeting site-specific drug release in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or systemic effect. Oral dosage forms as low bioavailability issues because of their swift gastric transition from the stomach, particularly in the case of drugs that are less soluble at an alkaline pH of the intestine. The drugs that produce their local action in the stomach get quickly emptied and don’t get enough residence time in the stomach. Many efforts have been made to extend the retention time of a drug delivery system to reduce the frequency of dose administration. GRDDS not only prolong dosing intervals but also increase patient compliance beyond the level of existing controlled release dosage forms. This article gives an overview of the advantages, disadvantages, and characterization of gastro retentive drug delivery systems. This also includes commercially available gastro retentive products and patents.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON AN EMERGIN TREND BILAYER FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
ANJALI CHOURASIYA ◽  
◽  
NARENDRA GEHALOT ◽  
SURESH CHANDRA MAHAJAN ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Bilayer Tablets ◽  
Bilayer Tablet ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Gastro Retentive

NDDS is advanced drug delivery system which improves drug potency, control drug release to give a sustained therapeutic effect, provide greater safety, finally it is to target a drug specifically to a desired tissue. Novel drug delivery system have been developed to overcome the limitation of conventional drug delivery systems, such as of gastric retention by decreasing fluctuations in the concentration of the drug in blood,resulting in the reduction in unwanted toxicity and poor efficiency. As compared to traditional dosage forms bilayer tablets are more efficient for sequential release of two drugs that can be different or identical. Bilayer tablet is also capable of separating two incompatible substances and also for sustained release. Gastro retentive drug delivery system retains the period of dosage forms in the stomach or upper gastro intes-tinal tract ,as to improve bioavailability and the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. Mainly the bilayer drug delivery system is suitable for drugs whose therapethic windows are narrow in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and also they have low elimination half life: 3-4 h. The purpose of this review is to disclose the challenges faced during the formulation of bilayer tablets. Finally, the whole article is firmly analyzed in a concluding paragraph. KEYWORDS: Conventional drug delivery systems, Bilayer tablet, Gastro retentive, Bioavailability

Halloysite nanotubes as a new drug-delivery system: a review

Clay Minerals ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hanif ◽  
Fazila Jabbar ◽  
Sana Sharif ◽  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
Athar Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Loading Methods

AbstractNew drug-delivery systems have remained a challenge for pharmaceutical scientists due to the use of expensive polymers and the low loading capacity of prepared nanoparticles. There is pressure to develop formulations that contain not only cheaper materials but also have controlled-release properties. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are a naturally occurring clay mineral similar to kaolin, possessing a special particle shape in the form of an ultramicroscopic multilayered hollow cylinder. Its uses encompass a wide range in anticancer therapy, sustained- and controlled-release drug-delivery systems, cosmetics, delivery of proteins, vaccines and genes. These advantages are due to its biocompatibility, significant mechanical strength and natural availability. The surfaces of the tubules can be modified by coating different polymers for application in the drug-delivery system. This review is focused on the various aspects of HNTs such as structure, properties, loading methods, applications and characterizations.

A Recent Update on Formulation and Development of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5257-5270
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Meenakshi Bharkatiya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Gastro Retentive

Oral route has been the most convenient and accepted  route of drug delivery. Owing to tremendous curative  benefits of the oral controlled release dosage forms are  being preferred as the interesting topic in pharmaceutical  field to achieved improved therapeutics advantages.  Gastro retentive drug delivery system is novel drug  delivery systems which has an upper hand owing to its  ability of prolonged retaining ability in the stomach and  thereby increase gastric residence time of drugs and also  improves bioavailability of drugs. Concept of novel drug  delivery system arose to overcome the certain aspect  related to physicochemical properties of drug molecule  and the related formulations. In this context, various  gastro retentive drug delivery systems have been used to  improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs that have a  narrow absorption window, are unstable at alkaline pH,  are soluble in acidic conditions, and are active locally in  the stomach. Concept of novel drug delivery system  arose to overcome the certain aspect related to  physicochemical properties of drug molecule and the  related formulations. Various approaches are currently  used including gastro retentive floating drug delivery  systems, swelling and expanding system, polymeric bio  adhesive systems, modified shape systems, high density  system and other delayed gastric emptying devices.  Moreover, future perspectives on this technology are  discussed to minimize the gastric emptying rate in both  the fasted and fed states. The present review briefly  addresses the physiology of the gastric emptying  process with respect to floating drug delivery systems.  The purpose of this review is to bring together the recent  literature with respect to the method of preparation, and  various parameters affecting the performance and  characterization of floating microspheres. Attempt has  been made to summarize important factors controlling  gastro retentive drug delivery systems. Overall, this  review may inform and guide formulation scientists in  designing the gastro retentive drug delivery system.

scholarly journals PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A FORMULATION APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF DISEASES

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
PASHAM SOWMYA ◽  
VENKATESH DP ◽  
SUJIT NAYEK
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
Pulsatile Drug Delivery

location at a particular time. Some of the conditions under which pulsatile drug delivery system is positive include duodenal ulcer, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, asthma, diabetes, neurological disorder, cancer, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Pulsatile drug delivery systems are essentially time-controlled drug delivery systems in which the lag time is regulated independently of environmental factors such as pH, enzymes, gastrointestinal motility, etc. The theory justification for the use of pulsatile release is for drugs where a continuous release of drugs is not needed, i.e. a zero-order release. Drug administration in chronopharmacotherapy is coordinated with biological rhythms to achieve full therapeutic effect and minimize harm to the patient. This drug delivery system is designed to distribute drugs in accordance with body clock. The pulse must be designed in such a way as to achieve a total and rapid release after the lag time. Pulsatile drug delivery is therefore one device that provides strong promises of benefit to patients suffering from chronic conditions such as arthritis, asthma, hypertension by delivering medication at the right time, right place and in appropriate quantities. In recent pharmaceutical applications involving pulsatile delivery; multi-particulate dosage forms (e. g. pellets) over single-unit dosage forms are gaining more popularity. On the basis of methodologies, various pulsatile technologies have been developed, including ACCU-BREAKTM, AQUALON, CODAS ®, PRODAS ®, SODAS ®, MINITABS ®, DIFFUCAPS ®, OROS ® etc.

scholarly journals Comprehensive review on characterizations and application of gastro-retentive floating drug delivery system

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 035-044
Author(s):  
Kajal D. Chaudhari ◽  
Minakshee G. Nimbalwar ◽  
Nikita S. Singhal ◽  
Wrushali A. Panchale ◽  
Jagdish V. Manwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery System ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Gastro Retentive

Current pharmaceutical situation focuses on the preparation of gastro-retentive floating drug delivery system (GRFDDS). This systems has gained noteworthy interest in the past decades. These are the low density systems that float over the gastric contents and remain buoyant in the stomach for a prolonged period of time without affecting the gastric emptying rate. GRFDDS is used to delay the residence time of delivery in stomach. The controlled gastric retention of solid dosage forms may be achieved by the mechanism of mucoadhesion, floatation, sedimentation, expansion, modified shape systems or by the administration of pharmacological agents that delaying gastric emptying. This results in targeting of release of drug at a specific site for the systemic or local effects. GRDDS is used to overcome challenges associated with conventional oral dosage forms and to release the drug at a specific absorption site to improve bioavailability of particular drug substance. Some floating drug delivery systems have shown the capability to accommodate these variations without affecting drug release. This review mainly focuses characterizations and application of gastro-retentive floating drug delivery systems.

scholarly journals Site-Specific Vesicular Drug Delivery System for Skin Cancer: A Novel Approach for Targeting

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Manisha Pandey ◽  
Hira Choudhury ◽  
Bapi Gorain ◽  
Shao Qin Tiong ◽  
Grace Yee Seen Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Site Specific

Skin cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, has demonstrated an alarming increase in prevalence and mortality. Hence, it is a public health issue and a high burden of disease, contributing to the economic burden in its treatment. There are multiple treatment options available for skin cancer, ranging from chemotherapy to surgery. However, these conventional treatment modalities possess several limitations, urging the need for the development of an effective and safe treatment for skin cancer that could provide targeted drug delivery and site-specific tumor penetration and minimize unwanted systemic toxicity. Therefore, it is vital to understand the critical biological barriers involved in skin cancer therapeutics for the optimal development of the formulations. Various nanocarriers for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs have been developed and extensively studied to overcome the limitations faced by topical conventional dosage forms. A site-specific vesicular drug delivery system appears to be an attractive strategy in topical drug delivery for the treatment of skin malignancies. In this review, vesicular drug delivery systems, including liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, and transfersomes in developing novel drug delivery for skin cancer therapeutics, are discussed. Firstly, the prevalence statistics, current treatments, and limitations of convention dosage form for skin cancer treatment are discussed. Then, the common type of nanocarriers involved in the research for skin cancer treatment are summarized. Lastly, the utilization of vesicular drug delivery systems in delivering chemotherapeutics is reviewed and discussed, along with their beneficial aspects over other nanocarriers, safety concerns, and clinical aspects against skin cancer treatment.

Drug Delivery System in Pakistan: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
Shumaila Arshad ◽  
Ali Aun ◽  
Muhammad Uzair Yousaf
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Sites Of Action

Drug Delivery systems are the means by which drug molecules are delivered to sites of action within the body.There are several pharmaceutical dosage forms (delivery Systems) available in Pakistan that is being used in different health care centers. Both conventional and advance dosage forms are used now days depending upon the condition of the patient, the disease state and available resources. But unfortunately Pakistan is a way behind in the field of technology among the other developing and developed countries in the world. There are few private setups which are well equipped with high class technology that caters the need of advanced drug delivery system in Pakistan. Mostly advanced drug dosage forms are imported from the other countries, thus it costs Pakistan a lot. In the present study Drug Delivery Systems in Pakistan is thoroughly studied and represented according to the generations of drug delivery system.

A Review on Formulation and Development of Solid Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 5519-5228
Author(s):  
Sunitha M Reddy ◽  
Sravani Baskarla
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Particle Size Reduction

This article describes current strategies to enhance aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of poor soluble drugs. Most drugs in the market are lipophilic with low or poor water solubility. There are various methods to enhance solubility: co-solvency, particle size reduction, salt formation and Self Nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, SEDDS is a novel approach to enhance solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of drugs. The study involves formulation and evaluation of solid self-Nano emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) to enhance aqueous solubility and dissolution rate. Oral route is the most convenient route for non-invasive administration. S-SNEDDS has more advantages when compared to the liquid self-emulsifying drug delivery system. Excipients were selected depends upon the drug compatibility oils, surfactants and co surfactants were selected to formulate Liquid SNEDDS these formulated liquid self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system converted into solid by the help of porous carriers, Melted binder or with the help of drying process. Conversion process of liquid to solid involves various techniques; they are spray drying; freeze drying and fluid bed coating technique; extrusion, melting granulation technique. Liquid SNEDDS has a high ability to improve dissolution and solubility of drugs but it also has disadvantages like incompatibility, decreased drug loading, shorter shelf life, ease of manufacturing and ability to deliver peptides that are prone to enzymatic hydrolysis.  

An Insight into delivery of drug through The Skin: Transdermal Drug Delivery system

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Usha Ayalasomayajula ◽  
M. Kusuma Kumari ◽  
Radha Rani Earle
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery System ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Pass Metabolism

In the recent days about 75% of the drugs taken orally are does not show the desired therapeutic effect. Oral conventional dosage forms have several disadvantages such as poor bioavailability due to hepatic first pass metabolism and tendency to produce rapid blood level spikes (Both high and low). Thus, rapid drug levels in the plasma leads to a need of high and/or frequent dosing, which can be both uneconomical and inconvenient. To overcome such disadvantages transdermal drug delivery system was developed. TDDS is such a delivery system which has been explored extensively over the last two decades, with therapeutic success. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are the drug delivery systems which involves transportation of drug to epidermal and dermal tissues of the skin for local therapeutic action while major fraction of the drug is transported into the systemic blood circulation. Topical administration of therapeutic agents offers vast advantages over conventional oral and invasive methods of drug delivery. Some of the advantages of transdermal drug delivery include limitation of hepatic first pass metabolism, enhancement of therapeutic efficiency and maintenance of steady state plasma level concentration of the drug. This study includes a brief overview of TDDS, its advantages over conventional dosage forms, drug delivery routes across human skin, permeation enhancers, and classification, formulation, methods of preparation and evaluation of transdermal patches.

scholarly journals MICROSPONGES AS A NEOTERIC CORNUCOPIA FOR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
SARIPILLI RAJESWARI ◽  
VANAPALLI SWAPNA
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Porous Microspheres ◽  
Oral Dosage Forms

Microsponges (MSPs) are at the forefront of the rapidly developing field of novel drug delivery systems which are gaining popularity due to their use for controlled release and targeted drug delivery. The microsponge delivery system (MDS) is a patented polymeric system consisting of porous microspheres typically 10-25 microns in diameter, loaded with an active agent. They are tiny sponge-like spherical particles that consist of a myriad of interconnecting voids within a non-collapsible structure with a large porous surface through which active ingredient is released in a controlled manner. Microsponge also hold a certification as one of the potential approaches for gastric retention where many oral dosage forms face several physiological restrictions due to non-uniform absorption pattern, inadequate medication release and shorter residence time in the stomach. This type of drug delivery system which is non-irritating, non-allergic, non-toxic, can suspend or entrap a wide variety of substances, and can then be incorporated into a formulated product such as gel, cream, liquid or powder that is why it is called as a “versatile drug delivery system”. It overcomes the drawbacks of other formulations such as frequency of dosing, drug reaction, incompatibility with environmental condition. These porous microspheres were exclusively designed for chronotherapeutic topical drug delivery but attempt to utilize them for oral, pulmonary and parenteral drug delivery were also made. The present review elaborates about the multifunctional microsponge technology including its preparation, characterization, evaluation methods along with recent research and future potential.

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