To discuss the effect of various type of weed control practices on crop growth and yield of upland rice

Weeds are generally hardy species having fast growth, deep root system and capable of competing very efficiently with cultivated crops for the available resources and adversely affect the crop growth and yield. Weed management systems that rely on post emergence control assume that crops can tolerate competition for certain periods of time without suffering yield losses. Initial slow growth particularly at early crop growth stages and wider plant spacing of maize crop encourages fast and vigorous growth of weeds. It is of paramount importance that, competition from weeds must be minimized to achieve optimum yield. Among the different weed control methods, chemical method bears many advantages in suppressing weed growth and to get healthy and vigorous crop stand. Non-selective herbicide molecules with a variety of mode of action were discovered, developed and marketed for successful weed control programme.

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Weed competition in maize crop under different timings for postemergence weed control

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2000.53.3706 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 269-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T.K. James ◽

A. Rahman ◽

J. Mellsop

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Weed Control ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Maize Yields

The effect of early weed competition was determined for a maize (Zea mays) crop grown in Waikato Maize was established in three different environments viz weedy (no herbicide) grass weeds (preemergence atrazine) and broadleaf weeds (preemergence metolachlor) Surviving weeds were controlled with postemergence nicosulfuron (60 g/ha) after different periods of competition and the plots kept weed free for the remainder of the trial Weeds left completely uncontrolled for 4 weeks after emergence significantly reduced crop yields When a preemergence herbicide was used surviving weeds began to reduce maize yields after about 6 weeks with grasses having greater effect than broadleaf weeds The actual period before the weeds started affecting crop growth and yield appeared to be related to the time taken by the weeds to achieve complete ground cover

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Weed dynamics, crop growth and yield attributes of irrigated chickpea in response to chemical weed control

International Journal of Pest Management ◽

10.1080/09670874.2021.2015010 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Nouman Arshad ◽

Amar Matloob ◽

Mudassir Aziz ◽

Mohsin Ali Raza Khan ◽

Muhammad Amin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Weed Dynamics

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Effect of nitrogen levels and weed management methods on weed abundance and yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas2002137k ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 137-150

Author(s):

Emmanuel Kolo ◽

Joseph Adigun ◽

Olusegun Adeyemi ◽

Olumide Daramola ◽

Jacob Bodunde

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Control Methods ◽

N Application ◽

Area Index ◽

Weed Density

Weed infestation and inherent low soil fertility are among the major factors attributed to the low yield of rice in Nigeria. Field trials were therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen application levels and weed control methods on growth and yield of upland rice (var. NERICA 2) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (07o 15?N, 03o 25?E) during 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. Three nitrogen (N) levels (0, 60 and 90 kg/ha) were evaluated and they constituted the main plot treatments, while three weed control treatments, viz: pre-emergence application of Orizo Plus? (propanil plus 2, 4-D) at 2.0 kg a.i ha-1, Orizo Plus? at 2.0 kg a.i ha-1 followed by supplementary hoe weeding (SHW) at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) and three hoe-weeding regimes at 3, 6 and 9 WAS, and a weedy check constituted the sub-plot treatments. All the treatments in different combinations were laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. Results indicated a significant (p?0.05) increase in weed density and dry matter with an increase in N application level from 0 to 90 kg ha-1. Similarly, crop vigour and plant height increased significantly (p?0.05) with increasing N application levels up to 90 kg ha-1. However, 60 and 90 kg N ha-1 were at par in increasing the number of tillers, leaf area index and yield attributes of rice. All the weed control methods resulted in a significant (p?0.05) reduction in weed density and dry matter with subsequent increase in rice growth and yield than the weedy check. Pre-emergence application of Orizo Plus? followed by SHW at 6 WAS and three hoe-weeding regimes resulted in significantly (p?0.05) lower weed density and dry matter, and a higher number of tillers, panicle weight and grain yield than a sole application of Orizo Plus?. With Orizo Plus? followed by one SHW or three hoe-weeding regimes, increasing N application levels resulted in a significant (p?0.05) increase in grain yield of rice. However, with Orizo Plus? applied alone, increasing N application levels did not increase rice grain yield. These results suggest that Orizo Plus? at 2.0 kg a.iha-1 followed by one SHW at 6 WAS integrated with N application at 90 kg ha-1 is adequate to effectively control weeds and increase rice yield in the rainforest-savannah transition zone of Nigeria.

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Critical period for weed control in field pea

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v0iof.6787 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Mainpal Singh ◽

Rakesh Kumar ◽

Satish Kumar ◽

Virender Kumar

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Critical Period ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Field Studies ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Field Pea ◽

Control Measures ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Weed Density

Field studies were conducted during 2008-09 and 2009-10 at Hisar, India to assess the effect of weed competition on crop growth and yield of field pea. Weed density increased up to 60 days and then decreased at later stages of crop growth. Seed yield of field pea was decreased by 50% when weeds were allowed to compete for the entire season. The critical period for weed control was 21-63 days in year 1 and 20-70 days in year 2 to achieve 95% of weed-free yield. It is therefore concluded that, to minimize yield loss due to weed competition in field pea, weed control measures should be targeted to avoid weed competition between 20-70 days after sowing.

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The effect of weed control timing on the growth and yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas2101027e ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 27-38

Author(s):

Kolo Emmanuel ◽

Adigun Aremu ◽

Adeyemi Raphael ◽

Daramola Samuel ◽

Bodunde Jacob

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

High Yield ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Weed Infestation

Weed interference is a major threat to rice production, leading to high yield reduction and reduced profitability. Therefore, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the different timings of weed control on the growth and yield of upland rice in the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The treatments consisted of periods when the crop was allowed to be weed-infested for the first 3, 6 and 9 weeks after sowing (WAS) and periods when the weeds were controlled for the first 3, 6 and 9 WAS. Two treatments of weed infestation and weed control until harvest were also included as the checks in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In both years, rice grain yields ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 t ha-1 in plots kept weed-infested until harvest, and from 3.5 to 3.9 t ha-1 in plots kept weed-free until harvest, indicating a 79-83% yield loss with uncontrolled weed growth. Weed infestation for the first 3 WAS did not cause a significant reduction in the growth and yield of rice provided the weeds were removed thereafter. However, the delay in weed control until 9 WAS reduced rice growth and resulted in irrevocable yield reduction. It was only necessary to remove the weeds between 3 and 9 WAS for optimum grain yield, as no significant yield increase was observed in weed control after 9 WAS in both years. This study showed that weed control between 3 and 9 WAS would give the optimum growth and yield of upland rice.

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Growth and Yield of Upland Rice Under Intercropping System with Soybean in Sandy Coastal Area

Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) ◽

10.22146/ipas.25215 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Fajrin Pramana Putra ◽

Prapto Yudono ◽

Sriyanto Waluyo

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Coastal Area ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Block Design ◽

Cropping System ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Yield Component ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Growth And Yield

Sandy coastal area in Indonesia is potential for upland rice cultivation, but it has constraints low of nutrient availability such as nitrogen. To solve the low fertility of the sandy land can be done by planting soybean between upland rice under intercropping system due to the soybean is able to provide nitrogen in soil through fixation of N2 in the air by root nodules. Intercropping is an alternative cropping system to increase land productivity, but there is competition between crops under an intercropping system. Reducing of the competition on the system is needed by crops proportion adjustment. The objective of the study is to examine growth and yield component of upland rice at different crops proportion under an intercropping system with soybean in the sandy coastal area. The research was conducted in Samas sandy coastal area, Bantul, Yogyakarta. This research used randomized complete block design (RCBD) with one factor and three blocks. The treatment of this research was five level crops proportion between upland rice and soybean under intercropping system, namely: 100:0; 80:20; 60:40; 40:60; and 20:80, respectively. The results showed that crop growth rate and yield per clump of upland rice increased on crops proportion adjustment under intercropping system with soybean. The crops proportion of 60:40 and 40:60 gave higher crop growth rates that were 1.45 g.dm-2.wk-1 and 1.44 1.45 g.dm-2.wk-1 than upland rice under monoculture (100:0) that was 1.09 g.dm-2.wk-1. The higher crop growth rates in crops proportion of 60:40 and 40:60 were able to give better yield per clump than other that were 17.17 g and 16.46 g, respectively. The yield of upland rice was not different under crops proportion of 100:0, 80:20, and 60:40 and decreased of upland rice proportion until ≤ 40% affected the low yield of upland rice.

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Book review

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.51.2003.3.15 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 369

Author(s):

Z. Berzsenyi

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Mathematical Models ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Madison Avenue

A. R. Overman and R. V. Scholtz III.: Mathematical Models of Crop Growth and Yield. Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. 2002. Hardcover, 344 pp., 150.00. ISBN 0-8247-0825-3.

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Integrating Economics in the Critical Period for Weed Control Concept in Corn

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-13-00184.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 608-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Martina Keller ◽

Geoffroy Gantoli ◽

Jens Möhring ◽

Christoph Gutjahr ◽

Roland Gerhards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Critical Period ◽

Logistic Models ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Free Interval ◽

Crop Growth Stages

The effect of weed interference on corn yield and the critical period for weed control (CPWC) were determined in Germany and Benin. Treatments with weed control starting at different crop growth stages and continuously kept weed-free until harvest represented the “weed-infested interval.” Treatments that were kept weed-free from sowing until different crop growth stages represented the “weed-free interval.” Michaelis–Menten, Gompertz, logistic and log–logistic models were employed to model the weed interference on yield. Cross-validation revealed that the log–logistic model fitted the weed-infested interval data equally well as the logistic and slightly better than the Gompertz model fitted the weed-free interval. For Benin, economic calculations considered yield revenue and cost increase due to mechanical weeding operations. Weeding once at the ten-leaf stage of corn resulted already profitable in three out of four cases. One additional weeding operation may optimize and assure profit. Economic calculations for Germany determined a CPWC starting earlier than the four-leaf stage, challenging the decade-long propagated CPWC for corn. Differences between Germany and Benin are probably due to the higher yields and high costs in Germany. This study provides a straightforward method to implement economic data in the determination of the CPWC for chemical and nonchemical weed control strategies.

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