scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen levels and weed management methods on weed abundance and yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kolo ◽  
Joseph Adigun ◽  
Olusegun Adeyemi ◽  
Olumide Daramola ◽  
Jacob Bodunde
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Weed Density

Weed infestation and inherent low soil fertility are among the major factors attributed to the low yield of rice in Nigeria. Field trials were therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen application levels and weed control methods on growth and yield of upland rice (var. NERICA 2) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (07o 15?N, 03o 25?E) during 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. Three nitrogen (N) levels (0, 60 and 90 kg/ha) were evaluated and they constituted the main plot treatments, while three weed control treatments, viz: pre-emergence application of Orizo Plus? (propanil plus 2, 4-D) at 2.0 kg a.i ha-1, Orizo Plus? at 2.0 kg a.i ha-1 followed by supplementary hoe weeding (SHW) at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) and three hoe-weeding regimes at 3, 6 and 9 WAS, and a weedy check constituted the sub-plot treatments. All the treatments in different combinations were laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. Results indicated a significant (p?0.05) increase in weed density and dry matter with an increase in N application level from 0 to 90 kg ha-1. Similarly, crop vigour and plant height increased significantly (p?0.05) with increasing N application levels up to 90 kg ha-1. However, 60 and 90 kg N ha-1 were at par in increasing the number of tillers, leaf area index and yield attributes of rice. All the weed control methods resulted in a significant (p?0.05) reduction in weed density and dry matter with subsequent increase in rice growth and yield than the weedy check. Pre-emergence application of Orizo Plus? followed by SHW at 6 WAS and three hoe-weeding regimes resulted in significantly (p?0.05) lower weed density and dry matter, and a higher number of tillers, panicle weight and grain yield than a sole application of Orizo Plus?. With Orizo Plus? followed by one SHW or three hoe-weeding regimes, increasing N application levels resulted in a significant (p?0.05) increase in grain yield of rice. However, with Orizo Plus? applied alone, increasing N application levels did not increase rice grain yield. These results suggest that Orizo Plus? at 2.0 kg a.iha-1 followed by one SHW at 6 WAS integrated with N application at 90 kg ha-1 is adequate to effectively control weeds and increase rice yield in the rainforest-savannah transition zone of Nigeria.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing time on growth and yield attributes of three mustard cultivars grown in Tidal Floodplain of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
MAR Sharif ◽  
MZ Haque ◽  
MHK Howlader ◽  
MJ Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of the Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh during the period from November, 2011 to March 2012 under the tidal Floodplain region to find out optimum sowing time for the selected three cultivars (BARI Sharisha-15, BINA Sharisha-5 and BARI Sharisha-9). There were four sowing dates viz. 30 November, 15 December, 30 December and 15 January. Significant variations due to different sowing dates were observed in plant height, total dry matter, leaf area index, number of siliqua plant-1, seeds silique-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and HI. Results showed that the highest grain yield (1.73 t ha-1) was obtained from the first sowing (30 November) with BINA Sharisha-5 and it was significantly different from the yields of all other combination.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 155-160, December 2016

scholarly journals Upland rice yield as affected by Brachiaria coverage management

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano S. Nascente ◽  
Luís F. Stone ◽  
Cleber M. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Tillage System

An important point in no-tillage system is the time between cover crop glyphosate desiccation and rice sowing. This study aimed to verify the effect of Brachiaria ruziziensis management time before rice sowing on rice yield and its components. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions and consisted of four types of B. ruziziensis management: with Brachiaria and with herbicide (WBWH), without Brachiaria shoots and with herbicide (NBWH), without Brachiaria shoots and without herbicide (NBNH), and with Brachiaria and without herbicide (WBNH), at four times: 30, 20, 10, and 0 days, preceding the rice sowing. The amount of B. ruziziensis dry matter increased as the management was done closer to the rice sowing date. The WBWH and WBNH managements (this one causes the lowest rice grain yield) must be done 30 days before rice sowing; while NBWH management must be done ten or more days before rice sowing. On the other hand, NBNH management (this one favors the best rice grain yield) can be done until rice sowing day. Despite some reduction in rice yield caused by the B. ruziziensis management, when it was done at the proper time the rice grain yield was similar to the control (without Brachiaria sowing and without herbicide application).

scholarly journals Weed control efficacy of hoe weeding and commercially formulated mixture of metolachlor + prometryn herbicide under maize production in soil amended with biochar

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Olusegun Raphael Adeyemi ◽  
David Obaloluwa Hosu ◽  
Patience Mojibade Olorunmaiye ◽  
Adeniyi Adebowale Soretire ◽  
Joseph Aremu Adigun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Manual Weeding

Abstract Successful cultivation of maize depends largely on efficient weed control, adequate supply of essential nutrients and sufficient soil moisture. Screenhouse and field trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria during the early and late cropping season of 2013 to evaluate effects of biochar integrated with manual weeding and pre-emergence herbicides on weed control efficiency and productivity of maize. The screenhouse trial was a 6 × 5 factorial experiment fitted into Completely Randomized Design in three replicates. The two factors were biochar: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 t ha−1 and weed control methods: weedy check, hoe weeding at 6 Weeks After Sowing (WAS), hoe weeding at 3, 6, and 9 WAS, pre-emergence herbicide application (Codal Gold) at 1.0 and 2.0 kg a.i./ha−1. The field trial was laid out in split-plot arrangement fitted into Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. The three main treatments plots on the field consisted of the optimum rates of biochar obtained in the screenhouse (10 t ha−1) compared with 20 t ha−1 and 0 t ha−1 which served as the control. The sub-plots treatments consisted of weed control methods used in the screen house experiment. Data were collected on grain yield and weed dry matter. The result showed that biochar at 10 and 20 t ha−1 in the screenhouse and field trials, respectively, resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher grain yield compared with other rates tested. Highest grain yield was obtained in pots hoe weeded thrice at 3, 6 and 9 WAS. Whereas similar grain yield was recorded in plot weeded once at 6 WAS and that hoe weeded at 3, 6 and 9 WAS in the field experiment. Biochar application of 20 t ha−1 gave optimum maize yield. Among the weed control treatments manual weeding either at 6 WAS or at 3, 6 and 9 WAS recorded the highest grain yields. Therefore, incorporation of biochar with either preemergence herbicide or manual hoe weeding would enhance the growth and yield of maize.

Experiments with upland rice in southern Belize: fertilizer application, weed control, plant spacing, sowing rate and variety

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Johnson ◽  
P. G. Lee ◽  
D. Wilman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Traditional System

SUMMARYAgronomic research was carried out on upland rice in Toledo District, Belize, in 1979–86, with the objective of improving returns from the traditional system of shifting cultivation and of examining the potential for reducing the demand for new land by cropping for more than one season. The rice was grown in the wet season on land cleared from forest by slash and burn, using a traditional planting technique, placing seed in holes made with a pointed stick.In a series of fertilizer experiments, in which rice was grown for up to 7 consecutive years, urea and triple superphosphate both increased grain yield, whereas muriate of potash had no effect. Mean yield in the fifth year was 85 % of that in the first. Urea and triple superphosphate both increased the number of full grains/panicle.A slash and mulch weed control treatment before sowing resulted in low yields of grain in the third year; yield after the use of propanil and 2,4-D (after sowing) was, on average, 77% of the yield after hand weeding; omitting weed control after sowing led to very low yields, particularly in the second and third years.In the varieties Bluebonnet and C22, grain yield was increased by reducing the distance between stations, particularly where 6, rather than 15, seeds were sown per station. Reducing the distance between stations increased the leaf area index during crop development and the number of panicles/m2, which more than counterbalanced reductions in the number and area of leaf blades per plant, the number of panicles per plant and the number of full grains per panicle. However, the yield/kg of seed sown and per hour spent planting was greatest at the widest spacing. C22 produced more panicles per plant and a greater weight of grain per plant and per hectare than Bluebonnet.It was concluded that returns from the traditional system can be improved and the demand for new land reduced.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Fertilizer and HB101 Plant Vitalizer on the Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-369
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Hung
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index

To study the effects of organic fertilizer and HB101 organic plant vitalizer on the growth and yield components of the BH9 rice variety, a field experiment with 4 x 3 factorial design was conducted at Hong Thai commune, Kien Xuong district, Thai Binh province in 2017 summer season using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Organic fertilizer derived from chicken manure and peat was applied at 3 levels (0 ton ha-1, 4 tons ha-1, and 6 tons ha-1) while the HB101 plant vitalizer was sprayed in 4 levels (0%, 0.015%, 0.025%, and 0.035%; the amount of water to dilute HB101 was 1000 litre ha-1). The application of the organic fertilizer alone and the combination of organic fertilizer and HB101 positively increased the total tiller number, effective tiller number, leaf area index (LAI), SPAD value, dry matter accumulation, yield components, and grain yield of rice. There were also differences in the SPAD values (at flowering stage), dry matter weight (at active tillering stage), and 1000 grain weight under the influence of the HB101 solution. The combination of 6 tons ha-1 organic fertilizer and  HB101 significantly increased the grain yield as compared to the other treatments, and the highest grain yield (3.03 tons ha-1) was obtained when  organic fertilizer (6 tons ha-1) was applied in combination with HB101 plant vitalizer (0.025%).

Effect of Adjuvants on Herbicide Efficacy in Controlling Weeds in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay G. Varshney ◽  
H. G. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Dimethyl Urea ◽  
Density And Biomass

Two adjuvants, Triton 11 XE (Isoctyl phenyl polyethoxy ethanol) and urea were tank mixed with four herbicides, methabenzthiazuron [N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)N,N′-dimethyl urea] at 1.0 and 1.5 kg ai/ha, terbutryn [N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N′-ethyl-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] at 0.50 and 0.75 kg/ha, metoxuron [N-3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)N,N-dimethylurea] at 1.0 and 1.75 kg/ha, and isoproturon [(N-(4-isopropylphenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea] at 0.50 and 0.75 kg/ha and applied to weeds in wheat. Metoxuron reduced weed dry matter by 90% over a 2-yr period. Isoproturon, terbutryn, and methabenzthiazuron reduced weed dry matter by 82%. Tank-mixing of Triton 11 XE at 0.5% (v/v) with metoxuron at 1.0 kg ai/ha, terbutryn at 0.5 kg/ha, isoproturon at 0.5 kg/ha, and methabenzthiazuron at 1.0 kg/ha reduced weed density and biomass by 52 to 67% and enhanced grain yield by 33% over herbicide alone. None of the herbicides had any significant interaction with adjuvants in terms of weed control and grain yield.

scholarly journals Response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, L., Walp) to inter-row spacing and weed competition

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Joseph Aremu Adigun ◽  
Olusegun Raphael Adeyemi ◽  
Olumide Samuel Daramola ◽  
Patience Mojibade Olorunmaiye
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Density And Biomass

AbstractWeed infestation is one of the major factors attributed for the poor yield of cowpea in Nigeria and other parts of sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). Field trials were therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of row spacing and different weeding levels on weed control, growth and yield of cowpea during the early and late wet seasons of 2009. In both seasons, the use of 60 cm row spacing resulted in significant (P < 0.05) reduction in weed density by 18 – 39% and weed biomass by 17 – 27% with subsequent increase in cowpea growth and grain yield than 75 and 90 cm row spacing. Cowpea grain yield increased by 67 – 109% in the early season and 24 – 56% in the late season at 60 compared to 75 and 90 cm row spacing. Hoe weeding reduced weed growth significantly in both seasons with the lowest weed density and biomass recorded in plots weeded thrice. However, this was not significantly different from weed density and biomass recorded with two weedings in both seasons. Hoe weeding twice resulted in optimum growth and grain yield of cowpea. An additional weeding, however, did not improve cowpea growth and yield in both seasons. The results of this study showed that narrow (60 cm) inter-row spacing and two hoe weedings at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) will improve weed control and productivity of cowpea. Additional weeding is considered superfluous.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of boro rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to crop establishment methods and varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Afrina Rahman ◽  
Md. Abdus Salam ◽  
Md. Abdul Kader ◽  
Md. Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Suriaya Perveen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Boro Rice

Physiological attributes and yield performance of high yielding varieties (HYV) of rice cultivars need to be assessed by crop establishment methods before promoting a suitable crop establishment method in Bangladesh. We, therefore, conducted an experiment to study the effects of crop establishment methods on the growth and yield of boro rice. The experiment comprised of two factors; factor A: methods of crop establishment viz., dry direct seeding, unpuddle transplanting, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and puddle transplanting; factor B: rice cultivars viz., BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan58, BRRI dhan74 and BRRI hybrid dhan3. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications where method of crop establishment was assigned to the main plot and rice cultivar was assigned to the sub plots. Data were collected at different growth stages and at harvest. From the results, it was found that growth, yield and yield contributing characters were significantly influenced by crop establishment methods. The highest leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter and grain yield were found in puddle transplanting method. The highest grain yield was obtained in puddle transplanting method due to accumulation of maximum dry matter and production of highest number of effective tillers hill-1 and grains panicle-1. Among the varieties the highest grain yield was obtain in BRRI hybrid dhan3 due to highest number of grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight. The highest grain yield (6.21 t ha-1) was found in puddle transplanting with BRRI dhan28, while the lowest grain yield (2.80 t ha-1) was produced in dry direct seeding with BRRI dhan28. Therefore, puddle transplanting with BRRI dhan28 might be recommended due to best physiological performance and obtaining highest grain yield of boro rice.

An exploratory evaluation of APSIM to simulate growth and yield processes for winter cereals in rotation systems in South Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. M. Yunusa ◽  
W. D. Bellotti ◽  
A. D. Moore ◽  
M. E. Probert ◽  
J. A. Baldock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) suite of models was used to predict dynamics in water and nitrogen in soil, as well as the growth and yield of sequential crops of wheat and barley in pasture–wheat–barley rotations, between 1995 and 1997 at Roseworthy, South Australia. The NWHEAT model satisfactorily predicted above-ground dry matter, leaf area index and grain yields for both crops in rotations with either grassy (Grass) or medic (Medic) pastures, including the lack of significant response of yield to nitrogen fertiliser applied to wheat at sowing. Simulation data for soil water, from SOILWAT2, was consistent with measured data. Simulation with SOILN2, however, largely underestimated soil nitrogen, due to excessive uptake by the simulated wheat during the season when nitrogen was abundant and water supply readily available. Thus, the soil nitrate had to be reset at sowing for the following barley crop; simulated soil nitrate agreed with the measured data in this season when this nutrient was low. For most variables of crop growth and soil water, the simulated data were mostly within 2 standard errors of the measured means. Prediction of grain protein was underestimated in all cases, including where nitrogen in the shoot was overestimated. This was possibly due to inadequate remobilisation of nitrogen from the straw and roots to the grain by the simulated crop. A satisfactory prediction of dry matter, grain yield and grain weight was obtained for wheat when the models were extended to other trials at Roseworthy (Lower North), Minnipa (Upper Eyre Peninsula) and Wunkar (Murray Mallee), based on limited soil data. Long-term simulations of wheat yields showed that, with early sowing in the Lower North, median wheat yield increased by 50 kg/ha for every kilogram of nitrogen applied at sowing, up to a maximum nitrogen rate of 50 kg/ha. In the drier districts of the Upper Eyre Peninsula and the Murray Mallee, nitrogen fertiliser of no more than 25 kg/ha, applied at sowing, was enough to achieve yield benefits in any given season. At these drier sites, crop failures occurred in 5% (Upper Eyre Peninsula) and 10% (Murray Mallee) of the seasons simulated. Median sowing dates from these simulations were 15 May for the Lower North, 30 May for the Upper Eyre Peninsula and 24 May for Murray Mallee. This suggested that sowing could be conducted at least a week earlier than currently practised in the 3 environments. This study demonstrated the capability of APSIM to predict growth and grain yield of wheat and barley, as well as the associated dynamics of soil water in the main cereal belts of South Australia.

scholarly journals Performance of Pre- and Post-emergence herbicides in strip tillage Non-puddled transplanted Aman rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-646
Author(s):  
T Zahan ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
A Hashem ◽  
RW Bell ◽  
M Begum
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
Density And Biomass

A study was conducted on transplanted aman rice (cv. BINA dhan-7) in strip-tilled non-puddled field with some commonly used rice herbicides (pre-emergence: pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and butachlor, early post-emergence: orthosulfamuron and late post-emergence: acetochlor + bensulfuron methyl, butachlor + propanil and 2,4-D amine) applied singly or in sequences during 2013 and 2014 at field laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of those herbicides on weeds as well as growth and yield of aman rice in strip-tilled non-puddled condition. The study showed that herbicides significantly reduced weed density by 75-94% in 2013 and 46-98% in 2014 compared to the weedy check. Sole application of pre- or early post-emergence herbicide provided less weed control than sequential application of pre-, early post- and late post-emergence herbicides or application of pre- and late post-emergence herbicides. A wide range of sequential application of herbicide treatments has identified in the study that provided control on weed density and biomass by 49-98% and 56-95%, respectively. Application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl followed by orthosulfamuron and butachlor + propanil was the most effective combination in this new rice establishment condition that controlled all types of weeds successfully and provided maximum grain yield (5.42 t ha-1 in 2013 and 6.18 t ha-1 in 2014) with highest economic return (Tk. 55930 ha-1 in 2013 and Tk. 69057 ha-1 in 2014). The study suggests economically beneficial some combinations of currently used herbicides for strip-tlled non-puddled transplanted aman rice that may help farmers to choose and rotate in the same land yearwise for obtaining optimum yield.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 631-646, December 2017

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