scholarly journals TITLE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF THE LOBO-GUARÁ (CHRYSOCYON BRACHYURUS) IN CAPTIVEIRO: A PROPOSAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
André Rinaldi Fukushima ◽  
Esther Lopes Ricci ◽  
Adriele Eunice da Silva Queiroz ◽  
Larissa Leite Bueno ◽  
Maria Marta Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Red List ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus ◽  
Near Threatened

Conhecido como a savana brasileira, o Cerrado é considerado o mais rico do mundo em biodiversidade, por não possuir uma fisionomia única e uniforme. Este bioma apresenta extrema abundância de espécies nativas, contudo inúmeras espécies de plantas e animais correm risco de extinção, como no caso do lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus), maior canídeo da América do Sul. Segundo a The IUCN Red List, o lobo-guará está classificado como quase ameaçada (Near Threatened), tendo como principais ameaças a fragmentação de seu habitat natural, atropelamentos, perda de variabilidade genética e introdução de espécies exóticas no seu habitat. A espécie fica alarmada à aproximação humana apresentando reações típicas de animal territorialista. Para que não entre em extinção, é necessário ampliar o conhecimento sobre o lobo-guará, permitindo sua preservação na natureza e manutenção em cativeiro, visando o bem-estar desse animal. O enriquecimento ambiental é uma das soluções para combater o stress de animais em cativeiro, assegurando um ambiente que lhes proporcionem tranquilidade e segurança. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar os comportamentos da espécie Chrysocyon brachyurus em parques zoológicos, considerando seus recintos com o intuito de uma proposta de enriquecimento ambiental. Foram realizadas observações em quatro zoológicos da região do Estado de São Paulo com ênfase na relação entre comportamento e recinto. Foram observados dez lobos, havendo diferenças nas frequências comportamentais com comportamentos territorialistas em taxas mais altas. Os dados foram analisados e comparados segundo a literatura. Para o tratamento dos dados, foi utilizada estatística descritiva como média, desvio padrão, erro padrão e coeficiente de variação. Para mostrar o efeito que o recinto exerce sobre o comportamento dos animais, foi utilizado o tamanho de efeito do Cohen’s (effect size, Cohen’s D). A partir dos dados analisados, é possível observar que os recintos podem afetar alguns comportamentos dos lobos-guará. Logo, esse trabalho sugeriu um recinto adequado para os lobos, possuindo características de enriquecimento social, alimentar, cognitivo, físico, sensorial, além da fundação estrutural. De forma que garanta a preservação e o bem-estar da espécie.

scholarly journals Avifaunal records from Chalis Ek, North Andaman Island: insights into distribution of some Andaman Island birds

Check List ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Koparde ◽  
Manchi Shirish S.
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
New Records ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Andaman Island ◽  
Spatiotemporal Scale ◽  
Near Threatened

Species records are important for assessing the distribution and status of species over a spatiotemporal scale. Andaman archipelago, off Southeast Asia, is a high avian endemism area, covering an area of >5000 km2. We conducted this survey in 2011 to make an inventory of avifauna of Chalis Ek area. A total of 73 species, belonging to 61 genera and 34 families were recorded, of which 60 were resident, 11 were winter migrants, one vagrant, and a single species introduced from mainland India. Three species were found to be new records, expanding distribution. Thirteen were endemic to the Andaman and Nicobar group of islands and eleven were listed as near threatened in the IUCN Red List. This study shows that sites such as Chalis Ek, even though subject to moderate anthropogenic disturbance, still hosts a large and distinctive avifauna and should be protected.

scholarly journals Justicia thailandica, a new species of Acanthaceae from Thailand

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Yi Tong ◽  
Yunfei Deng
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Red List ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Near Threatened

A new species of Justicia (Acanthaceae), J.thailandica, is described and illustrated from Thailand. The new species belongs to Justiciasect.Harnieria and is similar to J.quadrifaria and J.championii, but differs on account of the obviously densely white indumentum in the inflorescence bracts and calyx, ovate leaf blades with margin usually entire, spathulate inflorescence bracts and length ratio of calyx to mature capsule. It is assessed to be “Near threatened” (NE) according to IUCN Red List Category and Criteria. Pollen and seed morphology characters are also reported. Species of Justiciasect.Harnieria in Thailand are discussed and a key to the three recognized species is presented.

scholarly journals Inventarisasi dan Status Konservasi Herpetofauna di Punggualas, Taman Nasional Sebangau

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Andri Maulidi ◽  
Muhammad Rizki ◽  
Yohanes Edy Gunawan ◽  
Rabiatul Adawiyah ◽  
Yosua Yosua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Near Threatened

Informasi tentang herpetofauna di Punggualas, Taman Nasional Sebangau telah dilakukan pada tahun 2015. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginventarisasi jenis-jenis herpetofauna setelah empat tahun dari data terakhir di Punggualas, Taman Nasional Sebangau. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Visual Encountered Survey (VES) selama empat hari di sepanjang transek Kahiu dan Metarius. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 11 spesies yang terinventarisasi yang terdiri dari delapan spesies reptile (7 famili) dan tiga spesies amfibi (3 famili). Temuan ini lebih sedikit dibandingkan literatur pada tahun 2015 yaitu sebanyak 33 spesies yang terdiri dari 17 spesies reptile (13 famili) dan 16 spesies amfibi (4 famili). Hal ini dikarenakan perbedaan luas daerah pengamatan, lama pengamatan, metode, jumlah orang pengamat, dan tingkat keahlian pengamat. Lima spesies ditemukan pada penelitian ini yang belum ditemukan pada tahun 2015 yaitu Homalopsis buccata, Ahaetulla prasina, Cyrtodactylus sp., Siebenrockiella crassicollis, dan Notochelys platynota. Terkait dengan status, 28 spesies herpetofauna berstatus Least Concern, tiga spesies berstatus Vulnerable, dan satu spesies berstatus Near Threatened. Enam spesies lainnya belum memiliki status konservasi di IUCN Red List. Perlu dilakukan penelitian berikutnya tentang jumlah populasi dan pengamatan pada daerah yang lebih luas.     

A non-parametric effect size measure capturing changes in central tendency and shape of data distributions more flexibly than Cohen’s d

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Lötsch ◽  
Alfred Ultsch
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Effect Size Measure ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Size Measure ◽  
Cohen's D

Abstract Calculating the magnitude of treatment effects or of differences between two groups is a common task in quantitative science. Standard effect size measures based on differences, such as the commonly used Cohen's, fail to capture the treatment-related effects on the data if the effects were not reflected by the central tendency. "Impact” is a novel nonparametric measure of effect size obtained as the sum of two separate components and includes (i) the change in the central tendency of the group-specific data, normalized to the overall variability, and (ii) the difference in the probability density of the group-specific data. Results obtained on artificial data and empirical biomedical data showed that impact outperforms Cohen's d by this additional component. It is shown that in a multivariate setting, while standard statistical analyses and Cohen’s d are not able to identify effects that lead to changes in the form of data distribution, “Impact” correctly captures them. The proposed effect size measure shares the ability to observe such an effect with machine learning algorithms. It is numerically stable even for degenerate distributions consisting of singular values. Therefore, the proposed effect size measure is particularly well suited for data science and artificial intelligence-based knowledge discovery from (big) and heterogeneous data.

A new grass frog with rupicolous tadpoles from northern Zambia (Anura: Ptychadenidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4462 (3) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
ALAN CHANNING ◽  
FRANK WILLEMS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Iucn Red List Criteria ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Near Threatened

We describe a new species of Ptychadena from Mutinondo Wilderness in northern Zambia. It has rupicolous tadpoles that develop in a film of water. The species is distinguished on morphology, advertisement call and DNA sequences from other grass frogs and was found to be most closely related to P. broadleyi. It has no contrasting longitudinal bands on the posterior thigh, the foot is longer than half SVL, it has no light triangle on the snout, three phalanges of the fourth toe free of web and the snout has no skin folds. The species should be considered Near Threatened in terms of the IUCN Red List criteria given its limited extent of occurrence and population size. 

scholarly journals 0636 Using AI To Predict Future CPAP Adherence and the Impact of Behavioral and Technical Interventions

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A243-A243
Author(s):  
W Hevener ◽  
B Beine ◽  
J Woodruff ◽  
D Munafo ◽  
C Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cpap Adherence ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Patient Outreach ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Usage Data

Abstract Introduction Clinical management of CPAP adherence remains an ongoing challenge. Behavioral and technical interventions such as patient outreach, coaching, troubleshooting, and resupply may be deployed to positively impact adherence. Previous authors have described adherence phenotypes that retrospectively categorize patients by discrete usage patterns. We design an AI model that predictively categorizes patients into previously studied adherence phenotypes and analyzes the statistical significance and effect size of several types of interventions on subsequent CPAP adherence. Methods We collected a cross-sectional cohort of subjects (N = 13,917) with 455 days of daily CPAP usage data acquired. Patient outreach notes and resupply data were temporally synchronized with daily CPAP usage. Each 30-days of usage was categorized into one of four adherence phenotypes as defined by Aloia et al. (2008) including Good Users, Variable Users, Occasional Attempters, and Non-Users. Cross-validation was used to train and evaluate a Recurrent Neural Network model for predicting future adherence phenotypes based on the dynamics of prior usage patterns. Two-sided 95% bootstrap confidence intervals and Cohen’s d statistic were used to analyze the significance and effect size of changes in usage behavior 30-days before and after administration of several resupply interventions. Results The AI model predicted the next 30-day adherence phenotype with an average of 90% sensitivity, 96% specificity, 95% accuracy, and 0.83 Cohen’s Kappa. The AI model predicted the number of days of CPAP non-use, use under 4-hours, and use over 4-hours for the next 30-days with OLS Regression R-squared values of 0.94, 0.88, and 0.95 compared to ground truth. Ten resupply interventions were associated with statistically significant increases in adherence, and ranked by adherence effect size using Cohen’s d. The most impactful were new cushions or masks, with a mean post-intervention CPAP adherence increase of 7-14% observed in Variable User, Occasional Attempter, and Non-User groups. Conclusion The AI model applied past CPAP usage data to predict future adherence phenotypes and usage with high sensitivity and specificity. We identified resupply interventions that were associated with significant increases in adherence for struggling patients. This work demonstrates a novel application for AI to aid clinicians in maintaining CPAP adherence. Support  

scholarly journals The importance of farmland for the conservation of the brown hyaena Parahyaena brunnea

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien T. Kent ◽  
Russell A. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Sufficient Space ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Near Threatened

AbstractThe conservation of wide-ranging, territorial carnivores presents many challenges, not least the inadequacy of many protected areas in providing sufficient space to allow such species to maintain viable populations. As a result populations occurring outside protected areas may be of considerable importance for the conservation of some species, although the significance of these areas is poorly understood. Brown hyaenas Parahyaena brunnea are categorized as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List and recent research suggests the species may be particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and the conversion of land to agriculture. Here we report on the population density and abundance of brown hyaenas in an area of commercial farmland in western Botswana. Mean brown hyaena density estimated from camera-trap surveys was 2.3 per 100 km2 and from spoor surveys 2.88 per 100 km2, which are comparable to estimates reported for protected areas. Estimated densities were higher on farms used for livestock production than on those used for game farming, suggesting that the species can tolerate land-use change where reliable alternative food resources exist. Our results indicate that populations of brown hyaenas in non-protected areas comprise a significant proportion of the global population and that such areas may be of critical importance for their conservation.

scholarly journals The Unforgettables: a chorus for people with dementia with their family members and friends

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Sherman Mittelman ◽  
Panayiota Maria Papayannopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Cohen's D

Summary/AbstractOur experience evaluating a museum program for people with dementia together with their family members demonstrated benefits for all participants. We hypothesized that participation in a chorus would also have positive effects, giving them an opportunity to share a stimulating and social activity that could improve their quality of life. We inaugurated a chorus for people with dementia and their family caregivers in 2011, which rehearses and performs regularly. Each person with dementia must be accompanied by a friend or family member and must commit to attending all rehearsals and the concert that ensues. A pilot study included a structured assessment, take home questionnaires and focus groups. Analyses of pre-post scores were conducted; effect size was quantified using Cohen's d. Results showed that quality of life and communication with the other member of the dyad improved (Effect size: Cohen's d between 0.32 and 0.72) for people with dementia; quality of life, social support, communication and self-esteem improved (d between 0.29 and 0.68) for caregivers. Most participants stated that benefits included belonging to a group, having a normal activity together and learning new skills. Participants attended rehearsals in spite of harsh weather conditions. The chorus has been rehearsing and performing together for more than 6 years and contributing to its costs. Results of this pilot study suggest that people in the early to middle stage of dementia and their family members and friends can enjoy and learn from rehearsing and performing in concerts that also engage the wider community. It is essential to conduct additional larger studies of the benefits of participating in a chorus, which may include improved quality of life and social support for all, and reduced cognitive decline among people with dementia.

scholarly journals Effect Size Guidelines, Sample Size Calculations, and Statistical Power in Gerontology

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R Brydges
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Pearson's R ◽  
Sample Size Calculations ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Pearson’S R

Abstract Background and Objectives Researchers typically use Cohen’s guidelines of Pearson’s r = .10, .30, and .50, and Cohen’s d = 0.20, 0.50, and 0.80 to interpret observed effect sizes as small, medium, or large, respectively. However, these guidelines were not based on quantitative estimates and are only recommended if field-specific estimates are unknown. This study investigated the distribution of effect sizes in both individual differences research and group differences research in gerontology to provide estimates of effect sizes in the field. Research Design and Methods Effect sizes (Pearson’s r, Cohen’s d, and Hedges’ g) were extracted from meta-analyses published in 10 top-ranked gerontology journals. The 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile ranks were calculated for Pearson’s r (individual differences) and Cohen’s d or Hedges’ g (group differences) values as indicators of small, medium, and large effects. A priori power analyses were conducted for sample size calculations given the observed effect size estimates. Results Effect sizes of Pearson’s r = .12, .20, and .32 for individual differences research and Hedges’ g = 0.16, 0.38, and 0.76 for group differences research were interpreted as small, medium, and large effects in gerontology. Discussion and Implications Cohen’s guidelines appear to overestimate effect sizes in gerontology. Researchers are encouraged to use Pearson’s r = .10, .20, and .30, and Cohen’s d or Hedges’ g = 0.15, 0.40, and 0.75 to interpret small, medium, and large effects in gerontology, and recruit larger samples.

Comparing Normalized Gain g and Effect Size Cohen’s d to Measure the Improvement of Student’s Scientific Literacy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Physics Education ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Physics Education Research ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Normalized Gain

In this work I investigate about my curiousity. My investigation focused on the implications on claims about student learning that result from choosing between one of two metrics. The metrics are normalized gain g, which is the most common method used in Physics Education Research (PER), and effect size Cohen’s d, which is broadly used in Discipline-Based Education Research (DBER) including Biology Education Research (BER). Data for the analyses came from the research about scientific literacy on Physics and Biology Education from courses at institutions across Indonesia. This work reveals that the bias in normalized gaing can harm efforts to improve student’s scientific literacy by misrepresenting the efficacy of teaching practices across populations of students and across institutions. This work, also, recommends use effect size Cohen’s d for measuring student learning, based on reliability statistical method for calculating student learning.

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