THE FIGHT AGAINST ‘ADATS AND SHARI‘A IN THE FAMILY LIFE OF KUMYKS IN THE FIRST SOVIET DECADES

The article is devoted to the correlation between the norms of ‘adat and shari‘a in the Kumyk family life in the fi rst years of Soviet power. During this period, on the territory of the entire state, including Dagestan, Soviet legal doctrine was actively introduced with its own laws, principles and rules.The new laws of the country of the Soviets sharply contradicted the traditional norms of the Kumyks. This contradiction has been expressed in many issues, including family and domestic. At fi rst, the Soviet leadership strongly supported the norms of ‘adat and shari‘a. This was refl ected in the invitation to the dualistic marriage-according to the Soviet and shari‘a laws. However, by the end of the 20s of the 20th century, an ideological campaign unfolded against the ‘adat and shari‘a norms.

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The Fissioning of the Modern Family in Utopia- The Real- World Consequences of Political Illusions

The Legal Culture ◽

10.37873/legal.2018.1.1.13 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 98-112

Author(s):

Bryce Christensen

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

20Th Century ◽

Real World ◽

Family Life ◽

The United States ◽

The Real ◽

The Family ◽

Modern Family

Since the mid-20th century, the United States-, like many Europeancountries, -has witnessed dramatic changes in family life, resulting inremarkably low rates for marriage and fertility, remarkably high rates fordivorce, cohabitation, and out-of-wedlock births. To understand these changes the article presents, on the example of literature, ideologies, philosophical trends, and intellectual opinions, which in a particularly destructive way influenced the contemporary condition of the family.

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Family Life of Poles in Western Siberia in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century

Humanitarian Vector ◽

10.21209/1996-7853-2020-15-6-81-90 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 81-90

Author(s):

Goncharov Yuriy M. ◽

◽

Dmitrieva Lidiya M. ◽

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Family Life ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Early 20Th Century ◽

Mixed Marriages ◽

The Social ◽

The Family ◽

History Of ◽

First In Family

The article is devoted to the family life of the Poles in Siberia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The relevance of the research topic is due to the weak study of the history of family life of the Poles in pre-revolutionary Siberia, as well as the importance of the family institution in society. The Poles in Siberia were a specific national-confessional group. Their family life was greatly influenced by the formation of the Polish community in the region, as well as local social and demographic characteristics. The aim of this work is to examine the features of formation of family building and family life of poles in Western Siberia in the second half of the 19th – early of the 20th century, given the social circumstances in the region. The methodological basis of the research is the concept of frontier existence of cultures and the theory of modernization. Exiles who came to Siberia for many years tried to live a full life: they got married, children were born and brought up. The difficulties of life in the harsh region, especially significant for exiles, forced them to look for support, first, in family members and relatives, since family cooperation helped them survive. The demographic characteristics of Polish families during this period were significantly specific in contrast to other national groups. The prevalence of mixed marriages of the Poles with representatives of other Christian denominations in post-reform Siberia indicates the intensity of ethno-cultural interactions. In the resulting ethnic-mixed families, in most cases, a combination of elements of the spiritual culture of various peoples of the region was found. At the same time, religious issues usually receded into the background. Children raised in such families perceived a respectful attitude to their parents’ past, to their origin, and national and religious tolerance was developed in family life. Keywords: Siberia, family, the Poles, community, diaspora, demography, everyday life

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Family policies and family life course complexity across 20th-century Europe

Journal of European Social Policy ◽

10.1177/0958928719880508 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 320-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zachary Van Winkle

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

20Th Century ◽

Family Life ◽

Family Policy ◽

Family Formation ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Family Policies ◽

The Family ◽

Life Courses ◽

The Life Course

The family policy landscape changed dramatically across and within European societies during the 20th century. At the same time, family life courses have become more complex, unstable and unpredictable. However, there are no empirical studies that attempt to link changes in family policies with increasing family life course complexity. In this study, I address two research questions: (1) What is the association between family policies and family life course complexity? and (2) Do these associations vary by the life course stage at which individuals experience family policies? Retrospective data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe are used to construct the family life courses of individuals from the age of 15 to 50, born between 1924 and 1956, from 15 European countries. I use metrics developed in sequence analysis that incorporate life course transitions and unpredictability to measure the complexity of family formation. Annual policy information from 1924 to 2008 for each country are combined to generate cohort indices for three policy dimensions: familization, individualization and liberalization. These cohort metrics express the policy experiences of individuals over the course of their lives, rather than at a specific historical time point. I find that while familization is associated with less complex life courses, individualization is related to higher levels of complexity. Furthermore, my results indicate that the levels individualization experienced early and later in the life course are linked most strongly with complexity. I conclude that family policy reforms may partially account for increasing life course instability and unpredictability across Europe.

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