scholarly journals The knowledge society

2007 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. C01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Greco
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Knowledge Value

In 2007, global investments in R&D have increased by 7% on the previous year and have reached an absolute historical peak, exceeding for the first time the threshold of 1,100 billion dollars (calculated in the hypothesis of a purchasing power parity between the currencies). The world invests in scientific research and technological development 2.1% of the wealth it produces. At the same time, there has been an increase in the exchange of high added-knowledge value goods and high tech represents now the most dynamic sector of the world economy.

scholarly journals The US Role in the World Manufacturing and Trade as a Global Issue

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
V. G. VARNAVSKIY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Instrument Making ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

The article considers the USA role and place in the global  manufacturing and trade. Key aspects of the world economy  transformation in the context of globalization, internationalization  and liberalization are studied. As shows, USA and China are the two  largest economies in the world. United States is the world’s largest  economy by nominal GDP and second largest by purchasing power  parity (PPP). It holds a 15.4 percent share of global GDP in PPP  (2016). China is the world’s largest economy by PPP, accounting for  17.8 percent of global GDP. The USA share of world GDP declined by  a total of 3.8 percentage points between 2006 and 2016. At the  same time, the United States possesses great economic strength. It  is also the world leader in innovation. China’s success has mostly  been in lowerend innovation. This country has been less successful in  higher-end innovation, where USA currently maintain a lead. The  United States holds a leading position in aerospace, instrument  making, cloud computing, ICT, robotics-related technologies, nanomaterials, biopharmaceutical and other high-tech  industries and China significantly lags behind. Special attention is paid to the U.S. foreign trade. It is shown that the USA is one of  the world’s largest importer and exporter of goods and services. It  accounts for 10.5 percent of global goods and services exports in  2016 (second place after China) and 13.3 percent of global imports  (first place). Despite the world’s second place after China in some economic indexes such as gross domestic product (at PPP),   size of manufacturingand merchandise trade, USA ranks first in the  world in terms of quality indicators of economic development. It  remains the most powerful economy in the world. The author’s  conclusion is that, the loss of US world leadership in terms of output  indicators has not yet become a global problem for other countries  and world economy in the whole.

The World Economy

2004 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 8-32
Keyword(s):  
Euro Area ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Far East ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Growth

Following four quarters of exceptionally rapid expansion, growth in the US, China and Japan, the world's three largest economies in purchasing power parity terms, slowed in the second quarter of 2004. However, with growth remaining near trend levels in all three economies, this should not be viewed as an imminent collapse of the global recovery. On the contrary, we continue to expect world growth to stabilise at about 4-4¼ per cent per annum from 2004-2006, which is slightly faster than our estimate of trend global growth of just less than 4 per cent per annum. We see the world economy approaching full capacity output and, unless there is a shock to demand, a further acceleration in global growth is unlikely in the near term. In the second quarter of 2004, we also saw a slight dip in the Euro Area recovery, mainly driven by a drop in consumer expenditure in Italy, while growth in India and the Far East also eased slightly. Brazil, on the other hand, continued to strengthen following the recession in the first half of 2003, although recent strikes in demand for higher wages are likely to restrain the acceleration in the second half of the year. Looking forward, we expect to see some rebalancing of world growth by 2006, as the US and Japan slow to more sustainable levels and the recovery in the Euro Area becomes more broadly based. The only significant revisions to our forecast for the major economies since July include an upward revision to the outlook for Japan this year, and an upward revision to the outlook for inflation in the Euro Area in 2005. We have revised our projections for growth in Japan up by 0.4 percentage points, to 4 per cent. This follows the upward revision of 1 percentage point made in July, and primarily stems from an upward revision to growth in Chinese import demand this year.

Purchasing Power Parity in Medium Term Simulation of the World Economy

1981 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Klein ◽  
Shahrokh Fardoust ◽  
Victor Filatov
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The World

The World Economy

2002 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 8-36
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Parity Exchange ◽  
Long Term Trend

Global economic activity strengthened considerably in the first half of this year, helped by a rebound in trade volumes and a marked recovery in industrial production. Although the rapid growth experienced in the early part of the year has faltered, there was still broadly-based, if somewhat subdued, growth in activity in all the major economies in the second quarter of the year, with GDP rising by between 0.3-0.6 per cent in the US, the UK, the Euro Area and Japan. For the year as a whole we continue to expect global GDP growth (measured at Purchasing Power Parity exchange rates) to be around 2¾ per cent, which whilst below long-term trend levels, would be a welcome improvement on the growth of under 2¼ per cent seen in 2001.

FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION OF THE WORLD ECONOMY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Makukh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Early Effect ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Debt Market

The article analyses the main trends in the world economy through the prism of the current global financial and credit system. Various forecasts for the development of the world economy were assessed and noted that they do not correspond to real trends and patterns. These forecasts cannot assess the conceptual principles of the structure of the financial and credit base of the economy. Such forecasting is carried out on the principles of the achieved indicators and the developed methods of estimation of disturbances in the financial markets. The specificity of the state of the debt market is indicated, which allows to develop the economy only by increasing the total debt obligations, which leads to a complete loss of profitability of debt securities. It is proved that no defaults and debt write-offs do not renew the economy; these instruments only restart the mechanism of holding the debt market. Such development is a direct consequence of liberal regulation and a departure from the full functions of money, which leads to a conceptual change in the paradigm of the financial system. The limitations of the dominant concept of the financial and credit system, which was based on the basic foundations of the Bretton Woods Conference, were revealed. Criteria for financial regulation of a market economy have been identified and substantiated, which have exhausted their effectiveness and do not guarantee an early effect, but are only immediate. It is noted that the global pandemic and financial infusions to overcome it are a tool for accumulating total debt in the long run. The primary measures for debt restructuring are indicated, namely the support of low-debt fundamental companies that will meet the objective basic needs of innovative companies. Factors of economic development are explained: growth of economic productivity, short-term and long-term credit cycles and political component. It is indicated that productivity determines the priority of society's development in the long run, and the element of its implementation is knowledge in the absence of political dictate, which will form a new financial and credit mechanism. High-tech knowledge is needed to ensure productivity development, so investing in education and knowledge without different dogmas can bring the world economy to a new level of efficiency.

Program Against Cancer in Eritrea

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
El Hadji Mbaye
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
National Income ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
The World

Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase new cancer cases per year by 2035 in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of lives could be saved each year if countries made use of existing knowledge and the best cost-effective methods to prevent and treat cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate a provisional budget against cancer in low and middle incomes countries, according the GNI-PPP, the cancer incidence and the number of population. Economically country classification is determining with the Gross national income (GNI), per capita, Purchasing power parity (PPP), according the administrations of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Cancer incidence data presented are based on the most recent data available at IARC. However, population compares estimates from the US Bureau of the Census. The provisional budget is establishing among the guidelines developed by WHO for regional and national cancer control programs according to national economic development. Provisional budget against cancer is estimated to 12,782.535 (thousands of U.S $) for a population of 5,918,919 persons in Eritrea.

BRICS Countries Possible Areas for Scientific Cooperation

2015 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
A Share

The article evaluates science sectors and effectiveness of scientific research in the countries forming the BRICS group, as well as the current state of scientific and technological cooperation among the group members. The science sectors of the countries under consideration differ markedly, while facing similar problems relating to government regulations and external environments. The differences exist in total expenditures on research and development (as a share of GNP), in the scope of governmental funding (large in Russia and India, but small in China), and in the distribution of allocations among various areas and types of R&D activities. China appears to have the most well-adjusted science sector among the BRICS members. It includes not only strong universities but also high-tech companies that invest actively into research and development. The overall impact (inferred from citation indexes) of fundamental and exploratory research performed in BRICS countries remains low. BRICS's scientists prefer to collaborate with their colleagues from the world-leading countries rather than with their fellows from BRICS. Yet, in contrast to the world trend, in all BRICS countries, except Russia, a share of internationally co-authored publications is now decreasing. BRICS members have more similar interests and priorities in technological development, including infrastructural and large technological projects, than in science. Currently, bilateral cooperation in technology prevails, while the projects involving all members of the group still remain at the stage of preliminary evaluation and discussion. Russia cooperates most closely with China and India, including joint projects in such high-priority directions as new materials, photonics, biomedical, space and information technologies. For Russia, cooperation in technological development appears to be of most interest because it can lead not only to introduction of new technologies but also help to create large Russian innovative companies. Development of successful multilateral cooperation in science and technology among the BRICS members is the key for this group, originally formed for geopolitical reasons, to evolve into an effective economic union.

Program Against Cancer in Congo, Democratic Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
El Hadji Mbaye
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
National Income ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
The World

Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase new cancer cases per year by 2035 in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of lives could be saved each year if countries made use of existing knowledge and the best cost-effective methods to prevent and treat cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate a provisional budget against cancer in low and middle incomes countries, according the GNI-PPP, the cancer incidence and the number of population. Economically country classification is determining with the Gross national income (GNI), per capita, Purchasing power parity (PPP), according the administrations of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Cancer incidence data presented are based on the most recent data available at IARC. However, population compares estimates from the US Bureau of the Census. The provisional budget is establishing among the guidelines developed by WHO for regional and national cancer control programs according to national economic development. Provisional budget against cancer is estimated to 86,980.024 (thousands of U.S $) for a population of 83,301,151 persons in Congo, Democratic Republic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document