scholarly journals A space to study: expectations and aspirations toward science among a low-participation cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. A04
Author(s):  
Cherry Canovan ◽  
Robert Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Space Science ◽  
Science Identity ◽  
Widening Participation ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
School Based ◽  
Science Intervention

Widening participation in science is a long-held ambition of governments in the U.K. and elsewhere; however numbers of STEM entrants to university from low-socioeconomic status groups remain persistently low. The authors are conducting a long-term school-based space science intervention with a group of pupils from a very-low-participation area, and studied the science attitudes of the participants at the beginning of the programme. Key findings were that young people from the very-low-SES study cohort were just as interested in science study and science jobs as their peers nationally, and had a pre-existing interest in space science. Some participants, particularly boys, demonstrated a ‘concealed science identity’, in that they perceived themselves as a ‘science person’ but thought that other people did not. Boys tended to score higher on generalised ‘science identity’ measures, but the gender difference disappeared on more ‘realist’ measures. In addition, although participants agreed that it was useful to study science, they had little concrete idea as to why. These findings shed light on how science communicators can best address low-SES groups of young people with the aim of increasing their participation in science education and careers. We conclude that interventions with this group that focus on ‘aspiration raising’ are unlikely to be successful, and instead suggest that activities focus on how young people can see science as a realistic path for their future. It would be helpful for in-school programmes to allow young people an outlet to express their science identity, and to give information about the kinds of jobs that studying science may lead to. Further research into whether the gender split on idealist/realist measures of science identity persists over time would be of use.

scholarly journals An Insight Into the Involvement of Mothers of Low Socioeconomic Status in Scottish Primary School Health Education Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Samantha Donnelly ◽  
Duncan S. Buchan ◽  
Ann-Marie Gibson ◽  
Gillian Mclellan ◽  
Rosie Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
School Health ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Health Education ◽  
Parent Component

School-based health activities that involve parents are more likely to be effective for child health and well-being than activities without a parent component. However, such school-based interventions tend to recruit the most motivated parents, and limited evidence exists surrounding the involvement of hard-to-reach parents with low socioeconomic status (SES). Mothers remain responsible for the majority of family care; therefore, this study investigated mothers with low SES to establish the reasons and barriers to their involvement in school-based health activities and to propose strategies to increase their involvement in those activities. Interviews were conducted with mothers with low SES, who were typically not involved in school-based health activities ( n = 16). An inductive–deductive approach to hierarchical analysis revealed that there are several barriers resulting in mothers being less involved, particularly due to issues surrounding the schools’ Parent Councils and the exclusivity of school-based events. Efforts made by the school to promote health activities and involve parents in such activities were revealed, alongside recommendations to improve on these practices. The findings offer multiple ways in which future school-based health interventions can recruit and involve mothers with low SES.

scholarly journals A Belief in Socioeconomic Mobility Promotes the Development of Academically Motivating Identities among Low-Socioeconomic Status Youth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Browman ◽  
Ryan Svoboda ◽  
Mesmin Destin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Mobility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
School Based ◽  
And Performance

Despite barriers to educational attainment, low-SES youth often maintain strong academic intentions and performance if they continue to view school as important for obtaining the desired futures they envision for themselves. We undertook three related studies to examine the importance of one aspiration central to the desired futures of many low-SES youth: attaining upward socioeconomic mobility. Cross-sectional, longitudinal (Study 1), and experimental data (Study 2) demonstrate that low-SES youth’s beliefs about their likelihood of attaining mobility affects their likelihood of envisioning futures that hinge on educational attainment, which ultimately predict their academic intentions and performance. Study 3 then tests a novel intervention for promoting the adoption of education-dependent futures among low-SES youth: highlighting multiple viable school-based paths to future mobility.

Intertemporal impulsivity can also arise from persistent failure of long-term plans

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisheeth Srivastava ◽  
Narayanan Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Intertemporal Discounting ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Failures

AbstractWe suggest that steep intertemporal discounting in individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES) may arise as a rational metacognitive adaptation to experiencing planning and control failures in long-term plans. Low SES individuals' plans fail more frequently because they operate close to budgetary boundaries, in turn because they consistently operate with limited budgets of money, status, trust, or other forms of social utility.

‘I don’t want to go to a crummy little university’: social class, higher education choice and the paradox of widening participation

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Byrom
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Young People ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Widening Participation ◽  
Education Choice ◽  
School Based ◽  
Institutional Habitus ◽  
Participation In Higher Education

Whilst there has been growing attention paid to the imbalance of Higher Education (HE) applications according to social class, insufficient attention has been paid to the successful minority of working-class young people who do secure places in some of the UK’s leading HE institutions. In particular, the influence and nature of pre-university interventions on such students’ choice of institution has been under-explored. Data from an ESRC-funded PhD study of 16 young people who participated in a Sutton Trust Summer School are used to illustrate how the effects of a school-based institutional habitus and directed intervention programmes can be instrumental in guiding student choices and decisions relating to participation in Higher Education.

scholarly journals COVID-19 infections in day care centres in Germany: social and organisational determinants of infections in children and staff in the second and third wave of the pandemic

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Neuberger ◽  
Mariana Grgic ◽  
Svenja Diefenbacher ◽  
Florian Spensberger ◽  
Ann-Sophie Lehfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Education And Care

Abstract Background During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, German early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres organised children’s attendance in different ways, they reduced opening hours, provided emergency support for a few children, or closed completely. Further, protection and hygiene measures like fixed children-staff groups, ventilation and surface disinfection were introduced in ECEC centres. To inform or modify public health measures in ECEC, we investigate the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among children and staff in ECEC centres in light of social determinants (i.e. the socioeconomic status of the children) and recommended structural and hygiene measures. We focus on the question if the relevant factors differ between the 2nd (when no variant of concern (VOC) circulated) and the 3rd wave (when VOC B.1.1.7 (Alpha) predominated). Methods Based on panel data from a weekly online survey of ECEC centre managers (calendar week 36/2020 to 22/2021, ongoing) including approx. 8500 centres, we estimate the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and staff using random-effect-within-between (REWB) panel models for count data in the 2nd and 3rd wave. Results ECEC centres with a high proportion of children with low socioeconomic status (SES) have a higher risk of infections in staff and children. Strict contact restrictions between groups like fixed group assignments for children and fixed staff assignments to groups prevent infections. Both effects tend to be stronger in the 3rd wave. Conclusion ECEC centres with a large proportion of children with a low SES background and lack of using fixed child/staff cohorts experience higher COVID-19 rates. Over the long run, centres should be supported in maintaining recommended measures. Preventive measures such as the vaccination of staff should be prioritised in centres with large proportions of low SES children.

scholarly journals Early-Life Adversities and Recalcitrant Smoking in Midlife: An Examination of Gender and Life-Course Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 867-879
Author(s):  
Chioun Lee ◽  
Lexi Harari ◽  
Soojin Park
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Family Instability ◽  
Family Problems ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background Little is known about life-course factors that explain why some individuals continue smoking despite having smoking-related diseases. Purpose We examined (a) the extent to which early-life adversities are associated with the risk of recalcitrant smoking, (b) psychosocial factors that mediate the association, and (c) gender differences in the associations. Methods Data were from 4,932 respondents (53% women) who participated in the first and follow-up waves of the Midlife Development in the U.S. National Survey. Early-life adversities include low socioeconomic status (SES), abuse, and family instability. Potential mediators include education, financial strain, purpose in life, mood disorder, family problems/support, and marital status. We used sequential logistic regression models to estimate the effect of early-life adversities on the risk of each of the three stages on the path to recalcitrant smoking (ever-smoking, smoking-related illness, and recalcitrant smoking). Results For women, low SES (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29; 1.06–1.55) and family instability (OR = 1.73; 1.14–2.62) are associated with an elevated risk of recalcitrant smoking. Education significantly reduces the effect of childhood SES, yet the effect of family instability remains significant even after accounting for life-course mediators. For men, the effect of low SES on recalcitrant smoking is robust (OR = 1.48; 1.10–2.00) even after controlling for potential mediators. There are noteworthy life-course factors that independently affect recalcitrant smoking: for both genders, not living with a partner; for women, education; and for men, family problems. Conclusions The findings can help shape intervention programs that address the underlying factors of recalcitrant smoking.

scholarly journals Less human, more to blame: Animalizing poor people increases blame and decreases support for wealth redistribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Sainz ◽  
Rocío Martínez ◽  
Robbie M. Sutton ◽  
Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón ◽  
Miguel Moya
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Wealth Redistribution ◽  
Human Uniqueness

Increasing economic inequality adversely affects groups with low socioeconomic status (low-SES). However, many people are opposed to wealth redistribution policies. In this context, we examined whether dehumanization of low-SES groups has a role in this opposition. In the first study ( N = 303), opposition to wealth redistribution was related to denying human uniqueness (e.g., intelligence and rationality) and having negative attitudes toward low-SES groups, more than denying human nature (e.g., emotionality and capacity to suffer) to low-SES groups. Mediation analyses indicated that this effect occurred via blaming low-SES groups for their plight, after controlling for participants’ SES and negative attitudes towards low-SES groups. In the second study ( N = 220), manipulating the human uniqueness of a fictitious low-SES group affected support for wealth redistribution measures through blame. These results indicate that animalizing low-SES groups reduces support for wealth redistribution via blaming low-SES groups for their situation.

scholarly journals Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on survival in men with low socioeconomic status

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748731990105
Author(s):  
Sae Young Jae ◽  
Sudhir Kurl ◽  
Kanokwan Bunsawat ◽  
Barry A Franklin ◽  
Jina Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Mortality Hazard ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Mortality Hazard Ratio

Aims Although both low socioeconomic status (SES) and poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with increased chronic disease and heightened mortality, it remains unclear whether moderate-to-high levels of CRF are associated with survival benefits in low SES populations. This study evaluated the hypothesis that SES and CRF predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality and that moderate-to-high levels of CRF may attenuate the association between low SES and increased mortality. Methods This study included 2368 men, who were followed in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Study cohort. CRF was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake during progressive exercise testing. SES was characterized using self-reported questionnaires. Results During a 25-year median follow-up, 1116 all-cause mortality and 512 cardiovascular disease mortality events occurred. After adjusting for potential confounders, men with low SES were at increased risks for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.30–1.71) and cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio1.38, 1.13–1.69). Higher levels of CRF were associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.54, 0.45–0.64) and cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio 0.53, 0.40–0.69). In joint associations of SES and CRF with mortality, low SES-unfit had significantly higher risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.15, 1.78–2.59) and cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio 1.95, 1.48-2.57), but low SES-fit was not associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio 1.09, 0.80-1.48) as compared with their high SES-fit counterparts. Conclusion Both SES and CRF were independently associated with subsequent mortality; however, moderate-to-high levels of CRF were not associated with an excess risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in men with low SES.

scholarly journals Association between access to health-promoting facilities and participation in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk screening among populations with low socioeconomic status (SES) in Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Keat Lim ◽  
Charmaine Lim ◽  
Yu Heng Kwan ◽  
Sui Yung Chan ◽  
Warren Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Risk Screening ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Screening Participation ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Health Promoting

Abstract Background: Low socioeconomic status (SES) is a barrier for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk screening and a determinant of poor CVD outcomes. This study examined the associations between access to health-promoting facilities and participation in a CVD risk screening program among populations with low SES residing in public rental flats in Singapore. Methods: Data from Health Mapping Exercises conducted from 2013 to 2015 were obtained, and screening participation rates of 66 blocks were calculated. Negative binomial regression was used to test for associations between distances to four nearest facilities (i.e., subsidized private clinics, healthy eateries, public polyclinics, and parks) and block participation rate in CVD screening. We also investigated potential heterogeneity in the association across regions with an interaction term between distance to each facility and region. Results: The analysis consisted of 2069 participants. The associations were only evident in the North/North-East region for subsidized private clinic and park. Specifically, increasing distance to the nearest subsidized private clinic and park was significantly associated with lower [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80–0.98] and higher (IRR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.15–3.25) screening participation rates respectively. Conclusions: Our findings could potentially inform the planning of future door-to-door screenings in urban settings for optimal prioritization of resources. To increase participation rates in low SES populations, accessibility to subsidized private clinics and parks in a high population density region should be considered.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics, Management Strategies, and In-Hospital Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Low Socioeconomic Status Cohort: An Observational Study From Urban India

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117954682091889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navdeep Singh Sidhu ◽  
Sunil Kumar Kondethimmannahally Rangaiah ◽  
Dwarikaprasad Ramesh ◽  
Kumaraswamy Veerappa ◽  
Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
St Elevation

Background: Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality in India. There is scarcity of data on demographic profile and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in low socioeconomic status (SES) population of India. Objectives: This study was undertaken to determine the clinical presentation, management strategies, and in-hospital outcomes of ACS in low SES population. Methods: We conducted 1-year prospective observational cohort study of ACS patients admitted at Employees State Insurance Corporation unit of our tertiary care cardiac center. Clinical parameters, management strategies, and in-hospital outcomes of 621 patients enrolled during the study period from February 2015 to January 2016 were studied. Results: Mean age of patients was 56.06 ± 11.29 years. Majority (62%) of the patients had ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), whereas Non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) was seen in 38% of the patients. Median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was 285 min with wide range from 105 to 1765 min. Coronary angiography was performed in 81% of patient population. Single-vessel disease (SVD) was the most common pattern (seen in 43.3%) of coronary artery involvement with left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) being the most frequently involved vessel (62.8%). Pharmaco-invasive approach was the preferred strategy. Overall percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rates were 59.1% (62.1% in STEMI and 54.2% in NSTE-ACS). Overall in-hospital mortality was 3.2%, being significantly higher in STEMI (4.2%) as compared with NSTE-ACS (1.7%). Conclusions: With implementation of evidence-based pharmacotherapy and interventions, outcomes comparable with developed countries can be achieved even in low SES populations of developing world.

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