scholarly journals Association between access to health-promoting facilities and participation in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk screening among populations with low socioeconomic status (SES) in Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Keat Lim ◽  
Charmaine Lim ◽  
Yu Heng Kwan ◽  
Sui Yung Chan ◽  
Warren Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Risk Screening ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Screening Participation ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Health Promoting

Abstract Background: Low socioeconomic status (SES) is a barrier for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk screening and a determinant of poor CVD outcomes. This study examined the associations between access to health-promoting facilities and participation in a CVD risk screening program among populations with low SES residing in public rental flats in Singapore. Methods: Data from Health Mapping Exercises conducted from 2013 to 2015 were obtained, and screening participation rates of 66 blocks were calculated. Negative binomial regression was used to test for associations between distances to four nearest facilities (i.e., subsidized private clinics, healthy eateries, public polyclinics, and parks) and block participation rate in CVD screening. We also investigated potential heterogeneity in the association across regions with an interaction term between distance to each facility and region. Results: The analysis consisted of 2069 participants. The associations were only evident in the North/North-East region for subsidized private clinic and park. Specifically, increasing distance to the nearest subsidized private clinic and park was significantly associated with lower [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80–0.98] and higher (IRR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.15–3.25) screening participation rates respectively. Conclusions: Our findings could potentially inform the planning of future door-to-door screenings in urban settings for optimal prioritization of resources. To increase participation rates in low SES populations, accessibility to subsidized private clinics and parks in a high population density region should be considered.

Socioeconomic issues and cardiovascular disease (with emphasis on the caregivers)

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2954-2957
Author(s):  
Nicola Veronese ◽  
Ludovico Carrino ◽  
Stefania Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Access To Medical Care

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death, disability, and poor quality of life. Several conditions are widely known as potential CVD risk factors. Increasing research is, however, showing a role for low socioeconomic status (SES) as a potential risk factor for CVD development. This chapter analyses the current epidemiological evidence on this topic, explaining the reasons why people who have low SES are at increased risk of CVD. People with low SES, in fact, have a higher prevalence of several potential CVD risk factors (such as hypertension and cigarette smoking), but other important factors (such as less access to medical care and psychosocial factors) are likely to play a relevant role. Moreover, in the last part of this chapter, attention is focused on caregiving, another condition that seems to be associated with a higher risk of developing CVD, probably for the same reasons given for low SES.

scholarly journals Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on survival in men with low socioeconomic status

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748731990105
Author(s):  
Sae Young Jae ◽  
Sudhir Kurl ◽  
Kanokwan Bunsawat ◽  
Barry A Franklin ◽  
Jina Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Mortality Hazard ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Mortality Hazard Ratio

Aims Although both low socioeconomic status (SES) and poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with increased chronic disease and heightened mortality, it remains unclear whether moderate-to-high levels of CRF are associated with survival benefits in low SES populations. This study evaluated the hypothesis that SES and CRF predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality and that moderate-to-high levels of CRF may attenuate the association between low SES and increased mortality. Methods This study included 2368 men, who were followed in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Study cohort. CRF was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake during progressive exercise testing. SES was characterized using self-reported questionnaires. Results During a 25-year median follow-up, 1116 all-cause mortality and 512 cardiovascular disease mortality events occurred. After adjusting for potential confounders, men with low SES were at increased risks for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.30–1.71) and cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio1.38, 1.13–1.69). Higher levels of CRF were associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.54, 0.45–0.64) and cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio 0.53, 0.40–0.69). In joint associations of SES and CRF with mortality, low SES-unfit had significantly higher risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.15, 1.78–2.59) and cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio 1.95, 1.48-2.57), but low SES-fit was not associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio 1.09, 0.80-1.48) as compared with their high SES-fit counterparts. Conclusion Both SES and CRF were independently associated with subsequent mortality; however, moderate-to-high levels of CRF were not associated with an excess risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in men with low SES.

scholarly journals Small Successes Make Big Wins: A Retrospective Case Study towards Community Engagement of Low-SES Families

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte Prevo ◽  
Stef Kremers ◽  
Maria Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Retrospective Case Study

In health-promoting interventions, a main difficulty is that low socioeconomic status (SES) groups especially seem to experience barriers to participation. To overcome this barrier, the current study focused on the success factors and obstacles in the process of supporting low-SES families in becoming partners, while carrying out small-scale activities based on their needs. A retrospective case study design was used to construct a timeline of activities organized by and together with low-SES families based on mainly qualitative data. Next, key events were grouped into the four attributes of the resilience activation framework: human, social, political, and economic capital. The following key lessons were defined: professionals should let go of work routines and accommodate the talents of the families, start doing, strive for small successes; create a functional social network surrounding the families, maintaining professional support over time as back-up; and create collaborative governance to build upon accessibility, transparency and trust among the low-SES families. Continuous and flexible ‘navigating the middle’ between bottom-up and top-down approaches was seen as vital in the partnership process between low-SES families and local professional partners. Constant feedback loops made the evaluation points clear, which supported both families and professionals to enhance their partnership.

Intertemporal impulsivity can also arise from persistent failure of long-term plans

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisheeth Srivastava ◽  
Narayanan Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Intertemporal Discounting ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Failures

AbstractWe suggest that steep intertemporal discounting in individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES) may arise as a rational metacognitive adaptation to experiencing planning and control failures in long-term plans. Low SES individuals' plans fail more frequently because they operate close to budgetary boundaries, in turn because they consistently operate with limited budgets of money, status, trust, or other forms of social utility.

scholarly journals Implementing HEM in the assessment of oral health promotion to families in underserved areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Wretlind ◽  
M Magnusson ◽  
M Hallmyr
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Health Promoting

Abstract The aim was to, in an oral health promoting setting in low socioeconomic areas, implement a method aiming at improving quality of work by assessing both formative and summative results. The overall aim is to decrease health inequity. Methods Five teams of dental hygienists (n = 5) and dental nurses (n = 3), who operated in socioeconomic low-status areas, participated. The teams were performing health promoting activities on arenas as for example family-centrals. These teams were introduced on how to report health promoting activities according to the Health Equilibrium Methodology (HEM), which is based on Social Cognitive Theory. Following questions were put and answered in every report: Which health determinants were targeted? Did any person seem to perceive him-/herself excluded? Did anything unexpected happen? What to think about next time? Quantitative data were also documented: Almost six-hundred individuals were included in a total of 36 reports. Of these 50% were adults/parents and the rest children, most of them between 1-6 years old. The reports were written directly into a database after every activity and then processed by a facilitator and later discussed with the teams in workshops every third month. Results Analysis of the reports shows that the implementation of health promoting activities according to HEM included the following: -Identification of important health determinants. - Attention on how to get everyone involved and if anything unexpected happened. - Suggestions for change for the next time. Throughout the workshops the team-members exchanged experiences. Conclusions The HEM-method facilitates depicting and discussing the process of health promotion with focus on health equity. Thereby the method has a potential to support development of high-quality health-promoting activities in populations with low socioeconomic status. It may also lead to a better professional self-confidence.

scholarly journals COVID-19 infections in day care centres in Germany: social and organisational determinants of infections in children and staff in the second and third wave of the pandemic

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Neuberger ◽  
Mariana Grgic ◽  
Svenja Diefenbacher ◽  
Florian Spensberger ◽  
Ann-Sophie Lehfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Education And Care

Abstract Background During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, German early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres organised children’s attendance in different ways, they reduced opening hours, provided emergency support for a few children, or closed completely. Further, protection and hygiene measures like fixed children-staff groups, ventilation and surface disinfection were introduced in ECEC centres. To inform or modify public health measures in ECEC, we investigate the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among children and staff in ECEC centres in light of social determinants (i.e. the socioeconomic status of the children) and recommended structural and hygiene measures. We focus on the question if the relevant factors differ between the 2nd (when no variant of concern (VOC) circulated) and the 3rd wave (when VOC B.1.1.7 (Alpha) predominated). Methods Based on panel data from a weekly online survey of ECEC centre managers (calendar week 36/2020 to 22/2021, ongoing) including approx. 8500 centres, we estimate the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and staff using random-effect-within-between (REWB) panel models for count data in the 2nd and 3rd wave. Results ECEC centres with a high proportion of children with low socioeconomic status (SES) have a higher risk of infections in staff and children. Strict contact restrictions between groups like fixed group assignments for children and fixed staff assignments to groups prevent infections. Both effects tend to be stronger in the 3rd wave. Conclusion ECEC centres with a large proportion of children with a low SES background and lack of using fixed child/staff cohorts experience higher COVID-19 rates. Over the long run, centres should be supported in maintaining recommended measures. Preventive measures such as the vaccination of staff should be prioritised in centres with large proportions of low SES children.

scholarly journals Early-Life Adversities and Recalcitrant Smoking in Midlife: An Examination of Gender and Life-Course Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 867-879
Author(s):  
Chioun Lee ◽  
Lexi Harari ◽  
Soojin Park
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Family Instability ◽  
Family Problems ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background Little is known about life-course factors that explain why some individuals continue smoking despite having smoking-related diseases. Purpose We examined (a) the extent to which early-life adversities are associated with the risk of recalcitrant smoking, (b) psychosocial factors that mediate the association, and (c) gender differences in the associations. Methods Data were from 4,932 respondents (53% women) who participated in the first and follow-up waves of the Midlife Development in the U.S. National Survey. Early-life adversities include low socioeconomic status (SES), abuse, and family instability. Potential mediators include education, financial strain, purpose in life, mood disorder, family problems/support, and marital status. We used sequential logistic regression models to estimate the effect of early-life adversities on the risk of each of the three stages on the path to recalcitrant smoking (ever-smoking, smoking-related illness, and recalcitrant smoking). Results For women, low SES (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29; 1.06–1.55) and family instability (OR = 1.73; 1.14–2.62) are associated with an elevated risk of recalcitrant smoking. Education significantly reduces the effect of childhood SES, yet the effect of family instability remains significant even after accounting for life-course mediators. For men, the effect of low SES on recalcitrant smoking is robust (OR = 1.48; 1.10–2.00) even after controlling for potential mediators. There are noteworthy life-course factors that independently affect recalcitrant smoking: for both genders, not living with a partner; for women, education; and for men, family problems. Conclusions The findings can help shape intervention programs that address the underlying factors of recalcitrant smoking.

scholarly journals Less human, more to blame: Animalizing poor people increases blame and decreases support for wealth redistribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Sainz ◽  
Rocío Martínez ◽  
Robbie M. Sutton ◽  
Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón ◽  
Miguel Moya
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Wealth Redistribution ◽  
Human Uniqueness

Increasing economic inequality adversely affects groups with low socioeconomic status (low-SES). However, many people are opposed to wealth redistribution policies. In this context, we examined whether dehumanization of low-SES groups has a role in this opposition. In the first study ( N = 303), opposition to wealth redistribution was related to denying human uniqueness (e.g., intelligence and rationality) and having negative attitudes toward low-SES groups, more than denying human nature (e.g., emotionality and capacity to suffer) to low-SES groups. Mediation analyses indicated that this effect occurred via blaming low-SES groups for their plight, after controlling for participants’ SES and negative attitudes towards low-SES groups. In the second study ( N = 220), manipulating the human uniqueness of a fictitious low-SES group affected support for wealth redistribution measures through blame. These results indicate that animalizing low-SES groups reduces support for wealth redistribution via blaming low-SES groups for their situation.

scholarly journals Personal Perception of Health in Urban Women of Low Socioeconomic Status: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272092595
Author(s):  
Kimberly Paige Rathbun ◽  
Victoria Loerzel ◽  
Joellen Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Health Promoting Behaviors ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Perception Of Health

Introduction: Women of low socioeconomic status experience health disparities that contribute to poor outcomes. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore self-perception of health and health promoting behaviors in women who were patients in a federally qualified health center. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used to interview 19 women. The researchers conducted content analysis and used descriptive statistics to present participant demographics. Results: Women viewed health primarily as physical and themselves as healthy, in-between healthy and unhealthy, or unhealthy. Healthy women made more active attempts to improve their health, while not healthy women reported twice as many barriers to health maintenance and felt defined by their illnesses. Conclusion: Findings support that a women’s self-perception of health is aligned with self-management health behaviors and health outcomes.

Social Stigma and Health: An Identity-Based Motivation Perspective

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Oyserman ◽  
Oliver Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Experienced Difficulty

American culture highlights the power of individuals to steer their own course and be masters of their own destiny. In American cultural context, low place in social hierarchy due to low socioeconomic status is taken to imply some deficiency in the persons who occupy this place. This association seems bidirectional: Low place is stigmatizing, and membership in a negatively marked group implies low place in social hierarchy. Low place in social hierarchy limits individuals’ choice and experienced control, influencing identity-based motivational processes. Identity-based motivation theory and its three components: dynamic construction of identity, action-readiness, and procedural-readiness, are used to articulate the health consequences of this interplay. The identities that come to mind and what these identities imply for health is a function of momentary and chronic context. Accessible identities can elicit health-promoting or health-undermining behaviors and interpretations of experienced difficulty. This has implications for intervention.

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