scholarly journals FROM THE METAPHYSICS OF EUCLIDES - TO GEOMETRIC IDEAS IN PHYSICS THROUGH THE AGE (GEOMETRIC IDEAS IN PHYSICS EXPAND THE HORIZONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD)

Metaphysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
A. V Khodunov
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Galileo Galilei ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
The World ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
Geometric Nature

This work consists of two parts. In the first part, a historical analysis is made with modern comments on the importance of a deep study of stable knowledge, experience and traditions of a geometric nature about the structure of the world accumulated by our civilization, which have passed thousands of years of testing. In addition to mathematics, in physics, the tradition of geometric research methods comes from Archimedes, through the work of Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, René Descartes, Isaac Newton and other scientists. This trend is now stronger than ever. The second part briefly and summarizes the stages of how and what we have come to on this path.

The Concept of Woman. Volume 3, The Search for Communion of Persons, 1500–2015.

Horizons ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Susan A. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Third ◽  
Detailed Survey ◽  
Doctrinal Development ◽  
René Descartes

Sr. Prudence Allen's extensive work on the concept of woman finds its culmination in this massive book, the third in a trilogy that began with a first volume on the Aristotelian revolution (up to 1250) and a second that traced developments from 1250 to 1500. In this exhaustively and meticulously researched book, Allen argues for an “integral complementarity” between man and woman that she argues is “proven” through its ability to cohere with John Henry Newman's criteria for doctrinal development, set out in his Essay on the Development of Doctrine (10–11). Through a detailed survey of both men and women thinkers since 1500, including some of the most prominent—Leonardo da Vinci, René Descartes, Immanuel Kant—as well as some lesser known—Elena Tarabotti and Moderata Fonte—Allen argues that only a conception of complementarity based in a revised Aristotelian hylomorphism can adequately account for what it means to be a woman as well as be in accord with Roman Catholic teaching.

scholarly journals The Intelligence of Complexity: Do the Ethical Aims of Research and Intervention in Education Not Lead Us to a New Discourse "On the Study Methods of our Time"

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Le Moigne
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Study Methods ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
Educational Sciences

To better appreciate the contribution of the ‘paradigm of complexity’ in Educational sciences, this paper proposes a framework discussing its cultural and historical roots. First, it focuses on Giambattista Vico’s (1668-1744) critique of René Descartes’ method (1637), contrasting Cartesian’s principles (evidence, disjunction, linear causality and enumeration), with the open rationality of the ‘ingenium’ (capacity to establish relationships and contextualize). Acknowledging the teleological character of scientific inquiry (Bachelard) and the inseparability between ‘subject’ and ‘object’, the second part of the text explores the relevance of ‘designo’ (intentional design) implemented by Leonardo da Vinci (1453-1519) in order to identify and formulate problems encountered by researchers. Referring to contemporary epistemologists (Bachelard, Valéry, Simon, Morin), this contribution finally questions the relationships between the ‘ingenio’ (pragmatic intelligence), the ‘designo’ (modeling method) and ethics. It proposes one to conceive the paradigm of complexity through the relationships it establishes between (pragmatic) action, (epistemic) reflection and meditation (ethics).

scholarly journals Por que o pensamento lógico (razão) está desabando em nossas cabeças? As catarses ambientais em forma de barragens

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Alceu Raposo Junior
Keyword(s):  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
Philosophical Contribution

Com o advento do racionalismo, tendo como um dos principais precursores René Descartes, surge um novo modelo de pensar o mundo, colocando o pensamento lógico acima de qualquer questão. As ideias de Descartes influenciaram diversos pensadores, entre os quais se destacam o holandês Spinoza e o alemão Leibniz. Leibniz era filósofo, matemático e político. Dada esta inegável contribuição social e filosófica para o mundo moderno é fato que os desdobramentos contemporâneos do método e da racionalidade trouxeram consequências negativas para a sociedade pós-moderna, não pela teoria em si, mas pelo fato de que a sociedade sempre se apega aos modelos prontos, sem questionar ou contextualizar historicamente sua funcionalidade. Desta forma, com efeito, no qual carrega todo sistema sem distinção, na medida em que consistia em uma verdadeira exacerbação do racionalismo, ao mesmo tempo, se deu o seu ponto de partida para o “declínio”. É então a partir do início do século XX que começam a tornarem-se visíveis as consequências destrutivas da exacerbação do pensamento racionalista. As intervenções ambientais indistintamente por este Ser que acredita ser Deus, vão acumulando, na forma de riscos naturais por meio de suas consequências deletérias e ao mesmo tempo ele vai se distanciando do contato intimista e subjetivo (sinais) com a natureza, culminando assim nos desastres ambientais de grandes proporções no mundo Pós-Modernos, que aqui chamamos de catarses ambientais em forma de barragens.  Why is Logical Thinking (reason) Collapsing in our Heads? Environmental Catharses in the form of Dams A B S T R A C TWith the advent of rationalism, with René Descartes as one of its main precursors, emerges a new model of thinking about the world, putting logical thinking above any question. The ideas of René Descartes influenced several thinkers, among them the Dutchman Spinoza and the German Leibniz. Leibniz was a philosopher, mathematician, and politician. Given this undeniable social and philosophical contribution to the Modern world, it is a fact that the contemporary unfoldings of method and rationality have brought negative consequences to Postmodern society, not by the theory itself, but by the fact that society always clings to models without questioning and historically contextualizing their functionality. As all the system carries its own germ of destruction, insofar as it consisted in a true exacerbation of rationalism, at the same time, it became the starting point for the "decline". It is at the beginning of the twentieth century when the destructive consequences of the exacerbation of rationalist thinking start to become visible. The environmental interventions indistinctly made by this Being that believes himself to be God, accumulate in the form of natural risks through its deleterious consequences and at the same time distances itself from intimate and subjective contact (signs) with nature, culminating in the environmental disasters of great proportions in the Post-Modern world, hereby called environmental catharsis in the form of dams.Keywords: rationalism; Rene Descartes; environmental disasters; dams.

The Symbol Master

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Integral Calculus ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
René Descartes

This chapter focuses on the symbols created by Gottfried Leibniz. Alert to the advantages of proper symbols, Leibniz worked them, altered them, and tossed them whenever he felt the looming possibility that some poorly devised symbol might someday unnecessarily complicate mathematical exposition. He foresaw how symbols for polynomials could not possibly continue into algebra's generalizations at the turn of the seventeenth century. He knew how inconvenient symbols trapped the advancement of algebra in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. By the last half of the seventeenth century, symbols were pervasive in mathematics manuscripts, largely due to Leibniz, along with others such as William Oughtred, René Descartes, and Isaac Newton. Among the more than 200 new symbols invented by Leibniz are his symbols for the differential and integral calculus.

“That Free Play of Human Affection”: The Humanist Ethics of Walter Pater’s The Renaissance

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-521
Author(s):  
Thomas Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Da Vinci ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Fundamental Freedom ◽  
Secular Humanism ◽  
Aesthetic Responses ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fundamental Uncertainty ◽  
Ethical Vision

Thomas Albrecht, “‘That Free Play of Human Affection’: The Humanist Ethics of Walter Pater’s The Renaissance” (pp. 486–521) This essay aims to refute received, persistent misconceptions of Walter Pater’s Studies in the History of the Renaissance (1873), and of aestheticism generally, as an asocial and amoral sensualism, and as a deliberate separating of art from human lives and the world. Contrary to these misconceptions, it finds a humanist ethical vision in The Renaissance, specifically in the essays Pater devotes to Botticelli, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci. Drawing on an established post-Enlightenment, post-Romantic tradition of Victorian secular humanism, Pater defines this vision in terms of human sympathies for the feelings and suffering of other persons. And he defines it in aesthetic terms, in terms of art’s unique capacity to depict human feelings and suffering, and thereby to arouse sympathies in the viewer. At the same time, the essay contends that Pater in The Renaissance also defines his ethical vision in a more unprecedented, radical way. Beyond the solicitation of human sympathies, he frames it in terms of a fundamental uncertainty and unpredictability, a fundamental freedom and singularity, of human ethical relationships and responses. For Pater, this uncertainty and freedom are the qualities that make an ethics genuinely ethical. Pater finds these qualities, and this kind of genuine ethics, epitomized in the unpredictability and freedom of human aesthetic responses, including his own, to art and beauty.

scholarly journals Claude Clerselier lettore del dubbio di René Descartes*

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (72) ◽  
pp. 1077-1103
Author(s):  
Siegrid Agostini
Keyword(s):  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
The World ◽  
René Descartes

Claude Clerselier leitor da dúvida de René Descartes  Resumo: Claude Clerselier foi amigo, correspondente, tradutor e editor de René Descartes, de quem publicou os três volumes da correspondência (Cartas do senhor Descartes), O homem e O mundo. Sua atividade de editor e tradutor foi sempre animada por um duplo desígnio : divulgar a filosofia de Descartes, construindo e veiculando, entretanto, a imagem mais ortodoxa possível do filósofo. Essa imagem de Cleserlier « vulgarizador » da filosofia de Descartes, que sempre o fez o fiel discípulo que se esforça para não se distanciar do mestre cujos méritos celebra, merece em nossa opinião um aprofundamento. Uma análise atenta do Prefácio a’O homem mostra incontestavelmente que Clerselier não se limita a difundir e defender a filosofia cartesiana, mas também que dela é um intérprete escrupuloso. A passagem desse Prefácio no qual Clerserlier discute certos temas, centrais, da metafísica cartesiana, nos parece, com efeito, sugerir uma abordagem completamente diferente daquela de seu mestre. Palavras-chave: Descartes. Clerserlier. Correspondência. O homem e O mundo.  Claude Clerselier, reader of the doubt of René Descartes  Abstract: Claude Clerselier was a friend, correspondent, translator, and editor of René Descartes. He published three volumes of correspondence of Descartes (The Correspondence of René Descartes), Treatise of Man, and The World. His activity as editor and translator was always inspired by a dual purpose: disseminate the philosophy of Descartes, though through building and conveying the most orthodox image possible of the philosopher. This image of Clerselier as “popularizer” of Descartes’ philosophy, that always portrayed him as the faithful disciple who strives to never distance himself from the master whose merits he honors, is, in our opinion, worthy of deeper analysis. Close attention to the Preface of the Treatise of Man undeniably shows that Clerselier did not limit himself to disseminating and defending Cartesian philosophy but that he is also its scrupulous interpreter. The passage of this Preface in which Clerselier discusses determined themes central to Cartesian metaphysics effectively appears to suggest a completely different approach to that of his master. Keywords: Descartes, Clerselier, correspondence, Treatise of Man, The World Claude Clerselier lecteur du doute de René Descartes Résumé: Claude Clerselier fut ami, correspondant, traducteur et éditeur de René Descartes, dont il publia les trois volumes de la correspondance (Lettres de Monsieur Descartes), l’Homme et le Monde. Son activité d’éditeur et traducteur fut toujours animée d’un double dessein : divulguer la philosophie de Descartes tout en construisant et véhiculant, du philosophe, l’image la plus orthodoxe possible. Cette image de Clerselier ‘vulgarisateur’ de la philosophie de Descartes, qui a toujours fait de Clerselier le fidèle disciple qui se garde de s’éloigner de la doctrine du maître dont il célèbre les mérites, mérite à notre avis d’un approfondissement. Une analyse attentive de la Préface à l’Homme montre incontestablement que Clerselier ne se limite pas à diffuser et à défendre la philosophie cartésienne mais qu’il en est aussi un interprète scrupuleux. Le passage de cette Préface dans lequel Clerselier discute certains thèmes, centraux, de la métaphysique cartésienne, nous semble en effet suggérer une approche complètement différente de celle de son maître. Mots-clé: Descartes. Clerserlier. Correspondance. L'homme et Le Monde. Data de registro: 17/11/2020 Data de aceite: 30/12/2020

scholarly journals Zmysły i edukacja. O roli doświadczenia, wiedzy oraz selekcji (refleksja filozoficzna w edukacji)

1970 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Sławomir Futyma
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The One

Sensory experience leads to the initiation of a complex process of thinking about the world. The result of this process are the images of what surrounds us. We definethis action as education. Because looking at the world from the perspective of sensual experience is the potential ability of every human being (Hannah Arendt), education becomes a tool enabling the simulation of the existing world and the one that may appear in the future. About who we are and where we are, who we will decide, the quality of the senses. The quality of the senses translates into the value of the cognitive process. The consequence of the quality of the cognitive process is the collection of information and knowledge. This sensual logic inscribes the action that classifiesus people according to predisposition or ava-ilable information that results from the quality of sensual functioning. As Leonardo da Vinci saw it: “Experience, the intermediary between creative nature and the human race, teaches what nature uses among mortals, that before the necessity of necessity one cannot act differently than reason, his teaching works.”

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