scholarly journals Reusable interorbital tugs of megawatt class: problems and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
Vitaly M. Melnikov ◽  
Yury N. Razoumny
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Solar Power Plant ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Solar Sails ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Hydrogen Fuels

The possibilities of creating solar reusable megawatt-class interorbital tugs are analyzing. A comparison of solar and nuclear power plants is given, and the advantages of using solar systems are justified. On the basis of a comparative analysis of analogues, such as solar sails, solar reflectors for illumination from Earth's orbit, solar panels of space power plants, the advantages of using frameless centrifugal solar panels in comparison with frame analogues are justified. It is indicated that the design and development, as well as the production and technological reserve and test base are sufficient for the creation of a solar power plant in the Russian Federation. The authors point out the prospect of using oxygen-hydrogen fuels obtained by electrolysis of water in space, which greatly increase the speed of transport operations, and the need to create electro-magnetic accelerators for launching from Earth with large cargo flows. The design evaluation of the parameters of centrifugal solar panels with a capacity of 1 and 5 MW is given. The necessary funding for the work was estimated.

Pengembangan Sistem Pengaturan Suplai Beban (Ats) Pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hibrid Berbasiskan Mikrokontroler

Kilat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271
Author(s):  
Sugeng Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Solar Power Plant ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT Renewable energy is potential alternative energy to replace the central role of fossil energy which has been going on since the early 20th century. The solar power plant is alternative energy, especially for households and industry, and can be designed as a hybrid power plant consisting of solar panels, batteries, an automatic transfer switch (ATS), and a grid. This research will focus on developing ATS based on a microcontroller. It functions to regulate the load supply automatically from the three sources of electrical energy, like solar panels, batteries, and grid while the microcontroller functions to monitor the transfer of power from the solar power plant to grid and voltage movements in the system so that current and voltage data can be recorded from time to time to improve system reliability, effectiveness, and efficiency of the tool. ATS components consist of MCB, magnetic contactor, timer H3CR, relay, 2000VA inverter, solar charge controller 100A, NodeMCU ESP8266 IoT, and battery 12V 100AH. This research is conducted in one year to produce ATS based on a microcontroller that can automatically regulate the supply of loads from the three sources of electrical energy with a good level of efficiency and stability.  Keywords: solar power plants, hybrid power plants, an automatic transfer switch.  ABSTRAK Energi baru terbarukan merupakan energi alternatif yang potensial untuk menggantikan peran sentral dari energi fosil yang telah berlangsung sejak awal abad ke 20. PLTS merupakan salah satu energi alternatif penyedia energi listrik untuk rumah tangga dan industri serta dapat dirancang sebagai sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga hibrid (PLTH) yang terdiri dari panel surya, baterai, sistem pengaturan beban atau ATS (automatic transfer switch) dan jaringan PLN. Peneltian difokuskan pada pengembangan sistem ATS berbasiskan mikrokontroler. ATS berfungsi untuk mengatur suplai beban secara otomatis dari ketiga sumber energi listrik yaitu panel surya, baterai dan PLN sedangkan mikrokontroler berfungsi memonitor perpindahan daya dari PLTS ke sumber PLN dan pergerakan tegangan pada sistem sehingga dapat dilakukan pencatatan data arus dan tegangan dari waktu ke waktu sehingga dapat meningkatkan keandalan sistem, efektifitas dan efisiensi alat. Komponen ATS terdiri dari MCB, magnetic contactor, timer H3CR, relay, inverter 2000VA, solar charge controller 100A, NodeMCU ESP8266 IoT, dan baterai 12V 100Ah. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dalam periode satu tahun menghasilkan ATS berbasiskan mikrokontroler yang dapat mengatur suplai beban secara otomatis dari ketiga sumber energi listrik dengan tingkat efisiensi dan kestabilan yang baik. Tim penelitian ini tediri dari 3 orang dan berasal dari program studi teknik elektro, IT PLN.  Kata kunci: pembangkit listrik tenaga surya, pembangkit listrik tenaga hibrid, pengaturan suplai beban.

scholarly journals USE OF SOLAR PANELS ON FACILITIES OF MARINE INFRASTRUCTURE

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Sergey Vladimirovich Kononenko ◽  
Maksim Almansurovich Nadeev ◽  
Vladimir Alexandrovich Pavlenko ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich Golovko
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Parallel Beam ◽  
Solar Sails ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Solar Batteries

The article discusses the use of solar batteries as an alternative source of energy in marine power plants, as effective replacement of conventional sails with "solar sails" with semiconductor elements. There have been identified main advantages and disadvantages of three main types of solar batteries: monocrystalline, polycrystalline and amorphic. There has been given the characteristics of the actual value of the factual insolation (irradiation of the surface by a parallel beam of light coming from the direction where the center of the solar disk is visible at a given time) in calculating hybrid solar energy systems, which, if the criteria are clearly defined, can significantly increase the efficiency of their use. The analysis of the application of solar batteries on sea vessels is carried out, taking into account the geographic component and the number of light days. The article also determines the possibility of using solar batteries for various types of sea transport (cargo and passenger ships, yachts, ferries and others).

scholarly journals Clinical and Epidemiological Analysis of Morbidity and Mortality from Malignant Neoplasms among Employees of Radiation Hazardous Enterprises and the Population Living Near Nuclear Industry and Nuclear Power Facilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
A.P. Biryukov ◽  
◽  
E.P. Korovkina ◽  
E.V. Vasilyev ◽  
Yu.V. Orlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Russian Federation

The purpose of the study is to analyze the oncoepidemiological situation in the vicinity of nuclear industry and nuclear power plants. Materials and methods of the study. The main materials of the study were the data of official medical statistics for 2012-2018 on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and mortality from them: the contingent of medical treatment organizations of FMBA of Russia in 10 closed administrative-territorial formations of Rosatom State Corporation — a research sample; total contingent served by medical treatment organizations of FMBA of Russia — data of the Federal Center for Extreme Problems Information Technology of FMBA of Russia; population of Russian Federation as a whole. An in-depth analysis of the morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms among employees of enterprises and the population served by medical treatment organizations of FMBA of Russia was performed using data from the Branch Cancer Registry of FMBA of Russia. Results of the study and their analysis. According to the results of the analysis an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms was observed in medical treatment organizations of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia in closed administrative territorial formations, in all medical treatment organizations of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, and in the Russian Federation as a whole. In 2012-2018 the incidence of malignant neoplasms (per 100,000 population) was: in closed administrative territorial entities — 412.4 and 526.6 respectively; in all medical treatment institutions of FMBA of Russia — 328.4 and 390.1; in the Russian Federation as a whole — 367.3 and 425.5 respectively. Analysis of mortality rates from malignant neoplasms showed that in all medical treatment institutions of the Federal Medical and Biomedical Agency of Russia the mortality rate from malignant neoplasms (per 100 thousand population) in this time interval was 149.1 and 167.9 persons respectively, which is significantly lower than the all-Russian rates of 201.0 and 200.0 persons respectively. Mortality from malignant neoplasms in closed administrative territorial units amounted to 220.1 and 257.3 persons respectively, which exceeds both all medical treatment institutions of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency and the Russian Federation as a whole.

On conditional "safety grades" of power units of NPPs of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Arzhaev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Safety Culture ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Operating Organization

The energy obtained at nuclear power plants is considered environmentally friendly, so an increase in the number of nuclear power plants is inevitable both in Russia and abroad. But the memory of accidents and incidents at nuclear power plants, their causes and destructive consequences should force all responsible participants in the process to follow the basic principles of defense in depth and safety culture. Analysis of the factors considered in the article indicates that the approach to the implementation of the principle of safety culture on the part of officials of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom and the world's second operating organization, Rosenergoatom Concern JSC, is subject to emasculation to the greatest extent. This indicates that the lessons of past accidents at nuclear power plants are not fully absorbed in the nuclear industry of the Russian Federation and the existing bureaucratic nihilism in relation to the fulfillment of the requirements of federal norms and rules requires urgent overcoming.

Problems of Population Radiation Safety Support in Case of Radiation Accidents

2018 ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
С. Гончаров ◽  
S. Goncharov ◽  
Г. Аветисов ◽  
G. Avetisov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Radiation Accidents ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents the results of 25-old activity of the head agency of the Service for Disaster Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation – All Russian Centre for Disaster Medicine «Zaschita» (ARCDM «Zaschita») of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the sphere of medical support of population in case of radiation accidents. The Service is a functional subsystem of the Unified State system of prevention and liquidation of emergency situations, intended for elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of emergency situation. In Russia, it is legally established that in case of radiation accident the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia (the FMBA of Russia) is responsible for radiation safety of the population living in the NPP surveillance zone (approximately 25 km). Responsibility for the radiation safety of the rest of the population living outside the surveillance zone is assigned to the Service for disaster medicine. In accordance with the current document “Model content of the protection plan of the population in case of an accident at the radiation facility” developed by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, mandatory protective measures are provided in the territory that radius is 25 km around the radiation object (planning zones of preventive and emergency measures). Early planning in the restrictive planning zone is not envisaged, and protective measures outside the 100-kilometer zone are considered inappropriate. The article presents the concept developed by the specialists of ARCDM «Zaschita» for drafting protection of the subjects of the Russian Federation for the nuclear power plants operating on the territory of Russia. The concept is based on experience of consequences of the Chernobyl NPP accident. The concept argues that the outer boundary of the planning area for protective measures around nuclear power plants should have an outer radius of 1000 km. Radius of the emergency planning area is 100 km. The problems of preparedness for radiation safety of population support in case of radiation accidents are discussed. They are: the need for elaboration of regulatory and normative documents of the federal level on obligatory advance planning of protective measures against the possibility of radiation accidents on radiation-hazardous objects from the nuclear power plants on the territory of Russia for the population, not supervised by the FMBA of Russia (living both in the observation zone and abroad) and regulating the need and procedure of planning, organization and carrying out in case of necessity iodine prophylaxis for the population on territories up to 1000 km from operating NPPs of Russia. Same approaches to the solution of the considered problems are suggested.

scholarly journals Improving the energy efficiency of a solar power plant

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
I. R. Vashchyshak ◽  
V. S Tsykh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Solar Power Plant ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
The South ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Fixed Power ◽  
Solar Power Plants

The urgency of the work is due to the feasibility of increasing the energy efficiency of solar power plants through the use of solar energy concentrators. Ways to improve the energy efficiency of solar panels using a sys-tem of directional mirrors, flat Fresnel lenses, spherical concentrators and trackers have been investigated. It is established that the most optimal way to improve the energy efficiency of solar panels is to use inexpensive track-ers with a simple design. The analysis of known types of solar panels, which differ in materials from which their elements are made, and the coefficients of efficiency – dependence of energy produced by a photocell on the intensity of solar radiation per unit of its surface has been carried out, and the type of solar panels by the criterion “price-quality” has been selected. A tracker design has been developed to track the angle of inclination of solar panels to increase efficiency. The electricity generated by the proposed solar power plant was calculated using an online calculator. It is projected to reduce losses when generating electricity for a given power plant due to the use of a tracker compared to a fixed power system, with the same number of solar panels. In order to reduce the cost of the tracker, it is suggested to orientate it to the south at once, and to change the inclination angles twice a year (in early April and late August). The energy efficiency of the power plant is calculated in two stages. At the first stage the amount of electricity from solar panels per year when adjusting only the angle of inclination of the panels to the south is calculated. At the second stage energy efficiency of the power plant is calculated taking into account the increase of energy efficiency of the solar power plant when using the tracker system. The calculated electricity generation of the proposed solar power plant with tracker confirmed the efficiency and feasibility of using the designed tracker system. The application of the designed tracker system allows to increase the energy efficiency of solar panels by an average of 25%.

scholarly journals Latin-Caribbean America in geostrategy of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Oleg Kondratenko
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Latin American Countries

The policy and implementation of geostrategy of the Russian Federation in relation to the countries of the Latin-Caribbean region are considered. Russia is increasingly trying to demonstrate the status of a strategic partner with respect to Latin American Caribbean countries through the conclusion of various partnership agreements. On this basis, since the 2000s, the Russian Federation has sought to regain its influence in those Latin American countries that were the traditional sphere of presence of the USSR during the Cold War. It has been established that Russia is trying to gain favour among Latin American countries by establishing economic relations, mainly of a commercial nature. The Russian Federation has significant contracts for the supply of weapons to Latin American countries and is involved in the implementation of a number of energy projects, including the construction of nuclear power plants. Russia is also trying to demonstrate its presence in the region through the manoeuvres of its long-range strategic aviation and naval forces. At the same time, Russia is resorting to the support of bankrupt Latin American regimes such as the government of N. Maduro in Venezuela. All this has only exacerbated the crisis in Venezuela and its autocratic rule and led to a double rule in the country. However, Russia risks being pushed out of the region by China and the United States, which consider Latin America as a proving ground for a strategy of geo-economic “conquest”. The key countries for implementing the strategy of restoring Russia’s presence in the region are: Cuba, Venezuela, Nicaragua and partly Brazil. The Russian Federation views these countries as strategic partners and a foothold for the further expansion of geopolitical and geo-economic influence in Latin America, as well as restrictions in the region of US influence. Against the backdrop of isolated manoeuvres by the Russian Air Force and the Navy, Moscow makes periodic statements about the rebuilding of former Soviet military bases in Latin American countries. However, such rhetoric of the Russian Federation can be regarded more as geopolitical PR in order to represent the virtual grandeur of Russia.

MODELS AND METHODS FOR RISK ANALYSIS OF FIRE-DANGEROUS SITUATIONS AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
S. N. Goncharenko ◽  
I. V. Yaroshhuk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Safety Characteristic

The paper presents the review models, methods and approaches to the formalized analysis of data in the fire extinguishing systems and safety characteristic for difficult, explosive and fire-dangerous management objects. A statistical study of temperatures in the system of passive heat removal from the reactor was carried out using a set of approaches and parallel processing tools for specifically structured large amounts of data. A method for calculating, analyzing and monitoring the risk of a fire-hazardous situation in the passive loop of a reactor is proposed. A subsystem for predicting the occurrence of flammable situations has been developed based on methods, models and algorithms of risk analysis, which has the ability to generate management decisions in the form of a complex of fire prevention measures implemented in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents valid in the Russian Federation.

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