scholarly journals Book review: Leenco Lata Peacekeeping as State-Building: Current Challenges for the Horn of Africa. Ewing Township, USA: The Red Sea Press. 2012. 160 p.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-370
Author(s):  
Bewuketu Dires Gardachew
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations

The review of Leenco Lata's1 book “Peacekeeping as State-Building: Current Challenges for the Horn of Africa” examines the theory and practice of state-building on the example of African countries. The central premise of this monograph is the assumption that state-building requires rethinking of the factors and attributes traditionally associated with the state. The book consists of nine chapters, each of which is analyzed by the reviewer. The monograph focuses on the problems of state-building, state legitimacy, and the role and specifics of peacekeeping operations in the horn of Africa.

scholarly journals Book Review Hospitality Marketing: Principles and Practice (2nd ed.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bowie ◽  
Francis A. Buttle
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Marketing Theory ◽  
Ideal Person ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Marketing Principles ◽  
The Ideal

The ideal person to write a review of books is definitely someone who has written a textbook himself. Bowie and Buttle indeed have made a promising effort to disseminate an important perspective on a subject related to hospitality. One might be quick to conclude that this text is just a dime a dozen and a window dressing of the first edition since not much space is dedicated to reflect on marketing theory and practice to the level of the state of the art. But this sort of unfair review is best left to those scholars who had experienced writing a textbook which is celebrated throughout the English speaking world, like Kotler or Drucker. The review here is a modest attempt to guide those who seek some idea and facts about the book before purchasing it.  

A CASTLE IN A STATE OF LONG-TERM RUIN AND MEASURES AIMED AT ITS PRESERVATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gavryliv К.-T. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Building Standards ◽  
Conservation Method

In the article, the definitions “castle in a state of long-term ruin” and “architectural revitalization” are given. A list of measures aimed at preserving architectural monuments from the standpoint of their application on castles in a state of long-term ruin is considered. The definitions characterizing permissible activities on architectural monuments specified in the Law of Ukraine “On the Protection of Cultural Heritage” and restoration State Building Standards, however, in theory and practice, much more concepts are used, since the regulated terms do not cover the entire range of possibilities for the preservation and development of architectural monuments. In their works, M. Bevz, A. Rybchynskyi, O. Plamenytska, P. Molski highlight measures for the preservation of architectural monuments. Analyzing the history of the founding of defensive castles, their further restructuring and decline, we form a definition: a castle in a state of long-term ruin is a castle, as a result of destruction during a siege or loss of its defensive functions in the 16th-17th centuries was abandoned without acquiring new owners fell and came to the state of ruin that we can observe today. Looking at conservation measures using the example of castles in a state of long-term ruin, we state the following positions: The conservation method is the main point for keeping castles in a state of long-term ruin. The restoration can only be applied fragmentarily, since a holistic restoration is akin to restoration, which is an unacceptable step, given the lack of sufficient information about the original appearance of the structure. Museumification is excellent, as a method of bringing a castle in ruins to a state suitable for an excursion visit, as well as designation, as a subspecies of museumification, accompanied by both information stands and tracing of foundations reveals the planning structure of the monument. Revitalization measures aimed at revitalizing the degraded space, and renovations, which give an authentic building a touch of novelty and emphasize the period of intervention in the monument are also important. In general, the idea of preserving the castle in a state of long-term ruin should be based on three main positions such as conservation, fragmentary restoration and revitalization, that is, preserving the authentic component and returning life to the object.

The State of Liberal Democracy With Regard to Elections and Political Stability in Africa: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice in Tanzania and Keny

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-70
Author(s):  
Paul Mtasigazya
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Democratic Tradition ◽  
Election Violence

This study explores the state of liberal democracy and political stability in Africa. In particular it intends to assess what is said about liberal democracy in relation to free and fair election, political stability and the politics of ethnicity in Tanzania and Kenya and the reality happening on the ground (the practice) in East African countries. The rationale for undertaking this analysis is that the East African countries have experienced political transformation: for instance, for much of the post-colonial period East African countries tended to live under one-party regime, but since 1990s East African countries embraced multiparty system. This study pays attention to assessing the outcomes of liberal democracy in East African countries in particular examining the extent to which the liberal democracy promotes free and fair elections, political stability and the mitigation of the politics of ethnicity. This study employed a comparative analysis, in which it compared the extent to which liberal democracy is practiced in Tanzania and Kenya and how far the above-mentioned parameters are realized under the broad spectrum of liberal democracy. The methods of data collection were interviews and documentary review and the discussion of the findings was organized around the sub-themes of this study. The period covered in this discussion is the contemporary period from 1990’s to 2019. The findings indicate that even though African countries have adopted liberal democracy, in some of the East African countries like Kenya, political stability and free and fair elections have not been fully realized, while in Tanzania the experience indicates that political stability is relatively realized after elections. This study concludes that even if the institutions of liberal democracy have gradually developed with partial free and fair elections, the manifestations of political instability still exist in some of the East African countries, as shown by the election violence in Kenya comparatively to Tanzania. Therefore, the interface between the liberal democracy and political stability has not been sufficiently realized in the liberal democratic tradition. This study recommends that elections as one of the pillars of liberal democracy should be properly and fairly instituted, so that the role of liberal democracy is realized in fostering peace and tranquility.

scholarly journals State Building in Post Conflict Rwanda: Popular Participation of Citizen in Local Conflict Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Ndahiriwe
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Local State ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Mitigation

When studying local state building this article addresses the questions how does state led conflict mitigation in post conflict Rwanda work? How is it experienced by the citizens in terms of participation, accountability and local state legitimacy? Theoretically, the study engages with literature on state-building, state society relations and local conflict mitigation. The study’s findings have indicated that the citizens’ contribution to local state-building was still modest due to low motivation among the citizens involved in the conflict mitigation process due to insufficient resources and infrastructure in the conflict mitigation process, despite the fact that the state has granted legal authority. Another important finding is that heterogeneity of conflicts is an important factor in the understanding of local-level conflicts, and especially in relation to local-level state building. Hence, it focuses on the local perspective of state building, which has mainly been studied as a top-down affair.

scholarly journals National security of independent Ukraine: comprehension of the essence

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-186
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Smolianiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
National Security ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
National Security State

An important component of the state-building process in Ukraine is the government’s activities to ensure national security, which is an attribute of independence. The ruling political forces in Ukraine have created the necessary legal framework for national security (parliamentary resolutions, laws, decrees of the head of state). The process of ensuring the national security of Ukraine should be divided into stages: 1991−2014 (imitation) and after 2014 (essential). The peculiarities of the first stage were the wide involvement of Soviet approaches in the formation of the institutional basis for ensuring national security, the imitation of the defense activity of legitimate armed formations, and the development of the military organization of the state. It was considered that the proper level of military security of Ukraine is evidence of national security in general. At the beginning of 2014, the system of ensuring Ukraine's national security on the basis of imitation collapsed, which failed to counteract Russia's aggressive plans. Seeking to hinder the will of the Ukrainian people for a European future, Russia occupied part of Ukraine’s territory − the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, and unleashed military aggression in eastern Ukraine. The beginning of the essential stage of ensuring the national security of Ukraine is connected with the initiative involvement of civil society in the implementation of security and defense tasks. Evidence of this were: the rapid organization of the emergence of volunteer battalions and their practical application in eastern Ukraine; active formation of local self-defense forces; powerful volunteer movement; deployment of information resistance structures to the enemy’s propaganda influences; implementation of the values of patriotism in the spiritual and cultural life of the population, etc. The violent reaction of civil society to the threats and dangers that threaten the very existence of an independent and sovereign Ukraine has become a social reality. In Ukraine, there has been a fundamental shift in emphasis in the understanding of national security. The main subject of its ensuring is the security and defense sector, which combines state authorities, state armed formations and civil society structures interested in solving security and defense tasks. In Ukraine, which seeks to become democratic, security activities have been de-ethicized, which is not the case in authoritarian countries. If earlier national security was interpreted as a state of protection of national interests, now (at the request of civil society) − as a state of protection of national interests and values. The theory and practice of creating national security of Ukraine are developing dynamically. The subject of scientific research and public discussions are methodological, institutional, public administration, social compensation aspects of national security and defense. It is a matter of practical implementation of their results with the leading participation of constitutional state structures. Key words: national security, state-building, legal framework on national security, military organization of the state, security and defense sector, civil society, security, danger.

scholarly journals Book Review Hospitality Marketing:Principles and Practice (2nd Edition)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bowie ◽  
Francis A. Buttle ◽  
Jaafar Ali Mohd Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Marketing Theory ◽  
Window Dressing ◽  
Ideal Person ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The Ideal

The ideal person to write a review of books is definitely someone who has written a textbook himself. Bowie and Buttle indeed have made a promising effort to disseminate an important perspective on a subject related to hospitality. One might be quick to conclude that this text is just a dime a dozen and a window dressing of the first edition since not much space is dedicated to reflect on marketing theory and practice to the level of the state of the art. But this sort of unfair review is best left to those scholars who had experienced writing a textbook which is celebrated throughout the English speaking world, like Kotler or Drucker. The review here is a modest attempt to guide those who seek some idea and facts about the book before purchasing it.

Ghana: the State of Agriculture and Prospects for Food Security in the Context of Achieving SDGs

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Tatyana Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

For the first time in Russian African studies, the author examines the current state of agriculture, challenges and prospects for food security in Ghana, which belongs to the group of African countries that have made the most progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are a collection of 17 global goals adopted by UN member states in 2015 with a view of achieving them by 2030. The SDGs include: ending poverty in all its forms everywhere (Goal 1); ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture (2); ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages (3), etc. These goals are considered fundamental because the achievement of a number of other SDGs – for example, ensuring quality education (4), achieving gender equality (5), ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns (12), etc. – largely depends on their implementation. Ghana was commended by the world community for the significant reduction in poverty, hunger and malnutrition between 2000 and 2014, i.e. for the relatively successful implementation of the first of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000–2015) – the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. However, SDGs require more careful study and planning of implementation measures. In order to achieve the SDGs, the Government of Ghana has adopted a number of programs, plans and projects, the successful implementation of which often stumbles upon the lack of funding and lack of coordination between state bodies, private and public organizations, foreign partners – donors and creditors, etc., which are involved in the processes of socioeconomic development of Ghana. The author determines the reasons for the lack of food security in Ghana, gives an assessment of the state of the agricultural sector, the effective development of which is a prerequisite for the reduction of poverty and hunger, primarily due to the engagement of a significant share (45%) of the economically active population in this sector. The study shows that the limited growth in food production is largely due to the absence of domestic markets and necessary roads, means of transportation, irrigation and storage infrastructure, as well as insufficient investment in the agricultural sector, rather than to a shortage of fertile land or labor.

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