scholarly journals Farmers-Herdsmen Conflict in Africa: The Case of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-706
Author(s):  
Ejiroghene Augustine Oghuvbu ◽  
Oluwatobi Blessing Oghuvbu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
The Face ◽  
Conflict In Africa

General population growth and an increase in the number of farmers, environmental degradation, disruption of conditions for resolving land and water disputes, and the proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) in the Sahel and West Africa have exacerbated the struggle for the survival and security of economic livelihoods, and in particular negatively affected relationships between shepherds and farmers in several communities in Africa. This kind of conflict between farmers and herdsmen mainly applies to Nigeria, but is also present in other African countries, especially in Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad, Senegal, Cameroon, and Côte d’Ivoire. Such conflicts are not triggered by a single reason, but are driven by a set of multi-causal factors, such as scarce resources in the face of greater need, reprisal attacks, land and climate change, etc. Obviously, in case of Nigeria this kind of conflicts have a disintegrative impact, as they lead to the inimical effects to the country’s unity. The need for fostering value reorientation and restoring earlier interactive ties between herdsmen and farmers seems vital today, so that Nigerians can learn to appreciate the values that unite them more than those that separate the society.

Africa The Diverse

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Robert I. Rotberg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Youth Bulge ◽  
India And China

Africa is becoming the second most populous continent and several of Africa’s countries the most populous on the planet, after India and China. This surge of people will explode Africa’s cities, cause a massive youth bulge, and demand that African countries attract investors, create jobs, and cope with the social consequences of a median age under thirty. Meanwhile, Islam will spread and so will Pentecostal Christian sects. Inter-religious, inter-ethnic, and anomic conflicts will arise amid the spread of climate change effects such as drought, floods, and rising coastal waters. Africans will need to be resilient in the face of natural as well as demographic challenges.

scholarly journals THIS IS NOT A WASTE PLANET; THE PARTICIPATION OF HUMAN GENDER IN THE FACE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Oscar Samario Hernandez ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media

This year the international community recalled under a common celebration about the achievement of humanity that managed to put man on Earth's satellite; Moon. On July 20, 1969 the media reported this event, this year is still remembered, but it is also news that from the photographs sent by the Apollo missions taken from the space in which the splendor of the Earth with its characteristic blue color, we call it the Great Blue Marble, the home of humanity today at risk of threat from pollution, the scientific community, organizations and international organizations have warned of the consequences and risks if this deterioration continues. This work is a recognition of this concern, but it is also a call to the responsibility of mankind to act in the face of the imminent danger of climate change.

Demography and Health in the Context of Climate Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 248-268
Author(s):  
Alisha Graves ◽  
Nouhou Abdoul Moumouni ◽  
Malcolm Potts
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The Sahel is subject to uniquely rapid population growth—putting pressure on already scarce resources. The challenge to meet the basic needs of a rapidly growing population is compounded by the impacts of climate change. Despite the recent gains in child survival in the Sahel, three contextual factors combine to suggest that mortality rates could rise—especially among the most vulnerable populations, that is, infants and the elderly. These factors are: an ongoing protracted nutrition crisis, rapid population growth, and impacts of climate change on food production. Evidence-based population policies and large-scale investment in family planning and girls’ secondary education have the potential to curb current demographic trends, making it easier for the region to adapt to climate change and achieve long-term food security.

scholarly journals Assessing the Zero Hunger Target Readiness in Africa in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin ◽  
Oluwaseun Aramide Otekunrin ◽  
Folorunso Oludayo Fasina ◽  
Abiodun Olusola Omotayo ◽  
Muhammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Face ◽  
Zero Hunger ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

<p>Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2) is hinged on achieving zero hunger target globally by 2030. Many developing countries, especially African countries, are challenged with extreme hunger that are often caused or compounded by bad governance, conflicts and climate change. In this paper, we assess Africa’s readiness towards attaining the zero hunger target by 2030 in the face of COVID-19 pandemic. Patterns of Global Hunger Index (GHI) and each of its indicators across Africa are compared before the pandemic (2000-2019). The effect of the pandemic on the hunger situation in Africa is discussed by highlighting the mitigating measures put in place by selected African governments. We have found that most African countries have recorded steady reduction in their child mortality rates but high prevalence of undernourishment, stunting and child wasting indicates significant challenges hampering the achievement of the zero hunger target. The study recommends that African governments should prioritize sustainable agricultural practices and give serious attention to the formulation and implementation of policies that reduce hunger against the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>

Drought and heat-stress mortality risks: Assessing the role of climate change, socioeconomic vulnerabilities, and population growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmadalipour ◽  
Hamid Moradkhani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

&lt;p&gt;Drought risk refers to the potential losses imposed by a drought event, and it is generally characterized as a function of vulnerability, hazard, and exposure. Here, we assess drought risk at a national level across Africa by considering climate change, population growth, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Drought vulnerability is quantified using a rigorous multi-dimensional framework based on 28 factors from six different sectors of economy, energy and infrastructure, health, land use, society, and water resources. Various analyses are conducted to assess the reliability and accuracy of the proposed drought vulnerability index (DVI). A multi-model and multi-scenario framework is employed to quantify drought hazard using a multitude of regional climate models. Drought risk is then assessed for 2 climate emission pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), 3 population scenarios, and 3 future vulnerability scenarios in each country during 2010-2100. Drought risk ratio is calculated for each scenario, and the role of each component (i.e. hazard, vulnerability, and exposure) is identified, and the associated uncertainties are also characterized. Results show that drought risk is expected to increase in future across Africa with varied rates for different models and scenarios. Although northern African countries indicate aggravating drought hazard, drought risk ratio is found to be highest in central African countries as a consequent of unprecedented vulnerability and population rise in the region. Results indicate that controlling the population growth is imperative for mitigating drought risk since it improves socioeconomic vulnerability and reduces potential exposure to drought. Meanwhile, climate change will considerably exacerbate drought and heat-stress hazards. Our findings show that global warming will escalate heat-stress mortality risk across Central Africa to unprecedented levels. It is revealed that unfortunately, the poorest countries (that have least contribution to climate change) are expected to be most impacted, and they will experience markedly higher risk ratios compared to the wealthier nations.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Exploring Migration Hold Factors in Climate Change Hazard-Prone Area Using Grounded Theory Study: Evidence from Coastal Semarang, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4335
Author(s):  
Choirul Amin ◽  
Sukamdi Sukamdi ◽  
Rijanta Rijanta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Grounded Theory Method ◽  
Environmental Migration ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
The Face ◽  
Research Findings

Though those who stay put in climate change hazard-prone areas are an intriguing subject of research, only a small number of empirical works specifically targeted these populations. Hence, the drivers of immobility in disaster-prone areas remain understudied and inadequately theorized. In response to these gaps, this contribution locates environmental immobility. The study aims to construct a theoretical model and examine the model through the evidence from the fishing community on the coast of Semarang, one of the areas most severely affected by tidal inundation in Semarang, namely Kampong Tambak Lorok. Using the study of in-depth substantial interviews from 24 participants, we use the grounded theory method to construct a theoretical model. The findings show that the grounded theory’s coding process generated 18 initial concepts, eight main categories, and four core categories. It explores some of the reasons why populations continue to stay, even in the face of environmental degradation. There were two following conclusions: (1) Populations who stay put in disaster-prone areas are held by place attachment, family ties, social ties, and occupational ties. (2) Migration hold factors generate immobility by resisting the forces of migration push factor. The study meaningfully incorporates the migration hold factors as one of the drivers of immobility and enhances the field of environmental immobility theory, migration theory, and environmental migration research. Besides, some policy suggestions are provided as a result of the research findings. For future study, this research also offers a reference for exploring theoretical models of migration hold factors in other regions and countries with different environmental degradation settings.

An Application of the HFACS Method to Aviation Accidents in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Munene
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Decision Errors

Abstract. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) methodology was applied to accident reports from three African countries: Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. In all, 55 of 72 finalized reports for accidents occurring between 2000 and 2014 were analyzed. In most of the accidents, one or more human factors contributed to the accident. Skill-based errors (56.4%), the physical environment (36.4%), and violations (20%) were the most common causal factors in the accidents. Decision errors comprised 18.2%, while perceptual errors and crew resource management accounted for 10.9%. The results were consistent with previous industry observations: Over 70% of aviation accidents have human factor causes. Adverse weather was seen to be a common secondary casual factor. Changes in flight training and risk management methods may alleviate the high number of accidents in Africa.

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