Africa The Diverse

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Robert I. Rotberg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Youth Bulge ◽  
India And China

Africa is becoming the second most populous continent and several of Africa’s countries the most populous on the planet, after India and China. This surge of people will explode Africa’s cities, cause a massive youth bulge, and demand that African countries attract investors, create jobs, and cope with the social consequences of a median age under thirty. Meanwhile, Islam will spread and so will Pentecostal Christian sects. Inter-religious, inter-ethnic, and anomic conflicts will arise amid the spread of climate change effects such as drought, floods, and rising coastal waters. Africans will need to be resilient in the face of natural as well as demographic challenges.

scholarly journals Qualitative Research in COVID 19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolghani Abdollahi Mohammad ◽  
Mohammad Reza Firouzkouhi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Epidemiological Models ◽  
Social Event ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

Introduction: Quantitative research is not suitable for COVID pandemic research because it does not cover the social consequences of qualitative research. COVID 19 is a social event that is important because of the disruption of the natural order of society. To defeat the disease, social interaction is needed, so qualitative research is appropriate to find the challenges and experiences of society. Therefore, due to the inconsistency of people's health behaviors with epidemiological models, people's vulnerability in epidemics, unexpected consequences or surprising results, extracting participants' experiences from medical procedures and revealing flexibility in the face of social problems, the use of qualitative research in this pandemic that will be important.

scholarly journals Patterns of longer-term climate change effects on CO<sub>2</sub> efflux from biocrusted soils differ from those observed in the short-term

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Darrouzet-Nardi ◽  
Sasha C. Reed ◽  
Edmund E. Grote ◽  
Jayne Belnap
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Altered Precipitation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are predicted to be sensitive to the increased temperature and altered precipitation associated with climate change. We assessed the effects of these factors on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) balance in biocrusted soils using a sequence of manipulations over a nine-year period. We warmed biocrusted soils by 2 and, later, by 4 °C to better capture updated forecasts of future temperature, as well as altered monsoon-season precipitation at a site on the Colorado Plateau, USA. Within treatment plots, we used 20 automated flux chambers to monitor net soil exchange (NSE) of CO2 hourly, first in 2006–2007 and then again in 2013–2014, for a total of 39 months. Net CO2 efflux from biocrusted soils in the warming treatment increased a year after the experiment began (2006–2007). However, after 9 years and even greater warming (4 °C), results were more mixed, with a reversal of the increase in 2013 (i.e., controls showed higher net CO2 efflux than treatment plots) and with similarly high rates in all treatments during 2014, a wet year. Over the longer-term, we saw evidence of reduced photosynthetic capacity of the biocrusts in response to both the temperature and altered precipitation treatments. Patterns in biocrusted soil CO2 exchange under experimentally altered climate suggest that (1) warming effects were diminished later in the experiment, even in the face of larger warming and (2) likely drivers of the treatment effects were changes in biocrust species composition and changes in root respiration due to vascular plant responses.

scholarly journals Climate Variability and Consequences for Crime, Insurgency in North East Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonaventure N. Nwokeoma ◽  
Amadi Kingsley Chinedu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
North East ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Change Events ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Climate change discussion has primarily focused on the physical manifestation, mitigation, adaptation and finance issues. However, little attention is given to the social consequences of climate change impact especially its relationship to crime in society. Specifically, little or no research has been focused on its impact on crime, especially in developing societies. This study which examined the impact of climate change and its consequences on crime specifically terrorist activities in the Northeast of Nigeria is an effort to fill this research gap. The study adopted a cross-aged design which involves in depth interview of 200 farmers in four selected states of the zone. The outcome is that climate change awareness in the zone is very low. The climate change events identified are rapid desertification, excessive heat and drought. The consequence is that most farmers lost farmlands and agricultural products to these climate change events. Also most of the farmers who are youths were rendered redundant due to the negative impact of these climate events on crops and agriculture. Consequently they engage in alternative activities like menial jobs, while some engage in criminal activities like drug addiction, theft, political thugery, armed robbery, kidnapping and terrorism. They become ready tools for recruitment by Boko-Haram terrorists who are active in the area. It is recommended that massive enlightenment and effective mitigation program should be conducted, youth who are not in school should be convinced to embrace education. Also measures and projects to re-engage the youths back to agriculture should be promoted.

Indigenous Peoples in Europe and Their International Protection vis-à-vis the Threat of Climate Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-65
Author(s):  
Alexandra Tomaselli
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Holistic Management ◽  
The Face

Indigenous peoples are among the most vulnerable sectors of society in the face of climate change because they generally have a profound and spiritual relationship with the(ir) land. Paradoxically, they are among those who have maintained and promoted a holistic management of the(ir) land and the environment, and have caused less climate change effects. The Inuit petition against the US at the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights has prompted the debate and an increased international attention on climate change effects and human (and indigenous) rights. However, the nexus between human rights and climate change raises several conceptual issues. Against this background, this article pursues a threefold goal. First, it aims to introduce the international debate, scholarly approaches, and conceptual and analytical questions that have arisen and still arise about the human rights-climate change nexus. Second, it tries to ascertain how the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources, such as fossil fuels (e.g. oil and gas), are contributing to climate change and how (some of) its adverse effects may—directly or indirectly—represent a threat for indigenous peoples and their rights in the Russian Federation and in Northern Europe (Denmark-Greenland, Finland, Norway, and Sweden). Third, it seeks to identify which indigenous international law instruments may offer (some) protection to these indigenous peoples against (few) climate change-related harms.

Reification and passivity in the face of climate change

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Leduc Browne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Systemic Transformation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
Do So

Why do so many people remain so passive in the face of today’s massive, looming economic, political, and ecological crises, such as climate change? Despite some notable rhetorical and regulatory examples, attempts to stem climate change have, as a rule, not come to frame the activities of most citizens. The inability to confront the imperative of social transformation today is a complex, manifold problem. At root, it has to do with fundamental systemic features of a global social system that we all contribute to reproducing in our everyday lives. While these features do not preclude political engagement, innovation, and action, they do undermine the bases of movements towards truly systemic transformation. This article focuses on one such feature, reification, as a social-structural foundation of passivity that impedes the social innovations required to tackle the climate crisis.

scholarly journals Econometrics Analysis of the Relationship between Climate Change and Economic Growth in Selected West African Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Ebrima K. Ceesay ◽  
Hafeez O. Oladejo ◽  
Prince Abokye ◽  
Ogechi N. Ugbor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
West African ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
The Government

Linkages between Climate Change, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction have become increasingly popular in local and international communities. This is due to the fact that we are currently facing pressing issues about climate change and poverty reduction effects in our planet. In this paper an empirical testing of the effects of Climate Change, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction was carried out. Panel estimation methods of fixed effect, random effect, and panel unit root test-fisher type with trend and constant were applied. From the results, shows that economic growth has a negative and highly significant effect on the growth of poverty in the selected West African countries. Using growth rate of economics as dependent variable, the result shows that growth of poverty is highly significant. The population living in rural areas is significant with growth of poverty and highly significant with growth of food security. The policy recommendation is that the government of the west African countries should put in place strategies to reduce poverty, climate change effects on economics growth by following measures; to have strong institution and avoidance of corruption.Such strategies contain to counter climate change effects and increase the resilience of the economy, society and country in general.

scholarly journals Climate change literacy and migration potential: micro-level evidence from Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 169 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Helbling ◽  
Daniel Auer ◽  
Daniel Meierrieks ◽  
Malcolm Mistry ◽  
Max Schaub
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Migration Potential ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Individual

AbstractWhile a growing literature studies the effects of climate change on international migration, still only relatively little is known about the individual mechanisms linking migration decisions to climate change. We argue that climate change literacy (i.e., knowledge about climate change) is a major determinant of why some individuals consider migrating to other countries in response to climate change effects. In particular, climate change literacy helps individuals translate their perceptions of temperature changes into an understanding of these changes’ irreversible long-term consequences. We test this hypothesis using highly accurate geo-coded data for 37,000 individuals across 30 African countries. We show that climate change indeed leads to stronger migration intentions among climate literates only. Furthermore, we show that climate change only increases migration intentions among climate literates when it is approximated by long-run increases in local temperatures, but not when operationalized as changing heat wave or precipitation patterns. Further analyses show that climate literates are more likely to live in urban areas, have a higher news consumption, are highly educated, and have demanding occupations. Consequently, climate change may further deprive affected countries of valuable talent.

scholarly journals Students in Climate Action: A Study of Some Influential Factors and Implications of Knowledge Gaps in Africa

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Mark Akrofi ◽  
Sarpong Antwi ◽  
Jabulani Gumbo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Student Clubs

This study examined how the regional manifestations of climate change effects and students’ involvement in various climate-related clubs and activities influenced their knowledge and awareness of climate change. Key knowledge gaps and their implications for climate action were also examined. A cross-sectional survey was adopted for the study whilst a snowball sampling technique was used to select the respondents. A total of 300 students from 26 African countries participated in the survey. Descriptive statistics, relative importance index (RII) method and the chi-square test of independence were used to analyze the data. Results showed that regional manifestations of climate change effects and students’ involvement in climate change-related workshops and campaigns significantly influenced their knowledge levels whilst their membership of climate-related student clubs had no significant influence. Key knowledge gaps with regards to how factors such as meat consumption and waste generation could lead to climate change were also identified. Students were also less knowledgeable about how climate change affects key issues such as conflicts, gender inequalities and job insecurity. Intensification of climate change education beyond the most common causes and effects is highly recommended among the youth. Various environment-related student clubs are also encouraged to tailor their activities in this direction.

Assessing Gender Equality in Climate Change Advocacy Campaign for Sustainable Agricultural Food Security in Uganda

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-217
Author(s):  
Wilson Okaka
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
The Face ◽  
Agricultural Food

This chapter examines climate change and variability emergency disaster risks on agricultural food security of the local communities in Africa with a focus on gender equality lens in Uganda. Ugandan women contribute up to 75% of domestic food production and yet they are often overburdened with reproduction, household management, gender-specific discrimination, and adverse climate change effects like agricultural droughts, flash flooding, violent windstorms, or water stress. To ensure sustainable food security in the face of climate change vulnerability risks, the role of women is vital. Communication strategy to promote local climate information service (CIS) delivery system has been developed by the local government district planners in the park areas, but there is a lack of capacity to raise public awareness of the gender equality for the empowerment of women and girls for sustainable food security through agriculture production in Uganda for enhanced livelihood assets.

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