scholarly journals THE PROTESTING SELF OF BIOETHICS AND THE PATIENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-355
Author(s):  
O V Popova
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Human Rights Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Bioethics

The article considers the history of bioethics formation as a human rights movement aimed at establishing patient autonomy and limiting the practice of uncontrolled medical manipulation of human body, biomedical experimentation on people in the name of science, “public good” and other values. It is shown that the forms of expression and content of the statements of the protesting bioethical expert and the content turned out to be extremely diverse and based on conflicting ethical principles, actually demonstrating total rejection and confrontation of various conceptual arguments and often not contributing to the development of a universal, acceptable to all stakeholders ethical position. The article considers the peculiarities of bioethical protest and philosophical reasoning in connection with the emergence in the field of modern medicine of the diagnosis of brain death and gives a general idea of the intense public perception of this diagnosis.

The Protective Shields

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinda Mohamadieh
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Human Rights Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Challenges

This chapter examines the various roles undertaken by civil society organizations (CSOs), or nongovernmental organizations, in the Arab region and their implications for collaboration between CSOs and the United Nations, with particular emphasis on how CSOs figure in policy debates and the human rights movement. CSOs in the Arab region, mainly those working on policy and legislative issues, have been engaged with UN-led processes and conferences since the 1992 Earth Summit, and including the 1995 Summit on Social Development and the 2000 Millennium Summit. However, as some UN agencies, driven by a quest for funding, have moved into programmatic interventions, tensions have sometimes emerged between CSOs and UN agencies when some UN agencies have ended up potentially competing with CSOs for funding or crowding out the space available for CSOs. This chapter first traces the history of CSO-UN interactions in the Arab region before discussing the new challenges and possibilities raised during the period of the Arab uprisings.

The Evolving Field of Health and Human Rights: Issues and Methods

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Health And Human Rights ◽  
Excellent Opportunity ◽  
Human Rights Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rights Issues

The conference on Health, Law and Human Rights: Exploring the Connections held last fall in Philadelphia was a telling moment in the complex history of a movement — the “health and human rights movement” for want of a better term — inaugurated by the pioneering work of Jonathan Mann, whose memory the Conference honored. The François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights — founded by Mann and carrying on his legacy — was pleased to co-sponsor the conference. The conference and this symposium issue containing the main papers provide an excellent opportunity to take stock of that movement by means of a commentary based on the papers. This commentary is made from a resolutely human rights perspective, with the aim of engaging the authors in a dialogue on whether and to what extent each article advances knowledge about the interconnectedness and mutually reinforcing character of health and human rights, which is the lasting legacy of Jonathan Mann.

scholarly journals Medical thermography: capabilities and perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Morozov ◽  
E M Mokhov ◽  
V A Kadykov ◽  
A V Panova
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Physical Principles

Medical thermography is a modern diagnostic method that is currently gaining popularity due to high informative value and non-invasiveness. The aim of the study was to review the capabilities and prospects of medical thermography in modern medicine. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the application of medical thermography methods for the period of 2012-2017 was performed. The article presents the capabilities of imaging in various fields of medicine, evaluates the prospects of further development of the method, advances and disadvantages of thermography were identified. It also provides the review of the application of medical infrared thermography in clinical medicine. The experience of thermography application in various medical fields was investigated: angiology, otolaryngology, surgery, neurology, obstetrics and gyenecology, etc. Apart from medical aspects of this topic, the article discusses the history of medical thermography as well as provides the physical principles of this method. At present, thermal imaging can solve a wide range of problems: determining the presence of changes in the human body, and, as a result, the probability of pathology development, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation. Every year more and more studies are carried out, confirming the high efficiency, reliability and safety of thermography, thermographic screenings are suggested, that can be assumed as prediction of future method's popularity.

Going Forward

2020 ◽  
pp. 319-326
Author(s):  
Aryeh Neier
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Rights Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Human ◽  
Rights Issues

This chapter traces the history of the international human rights movement back to the anti-slavery movement that took hold in England in the second half of the eighteenth century. It details how the anti-slavery movement was instrumental in securing the abolition of slavery in many countries. It also reviews ways in which the human rights cause became an important force in world affairs in the mid-to-late 1970s. The chapter looks into the favorable development in the recent years for human rights, such as the readiness of a number of leading business corporations to take stands on human rights issues. It also suggests that the progress in the human rights movement is to keep building the public constituency for rights, until the dynamic that resulted in significant improvements that that took place in the 1980s and 1990s is re-created.

An introduction to human rights and dementia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Positive Rights ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
Human Rights Movement ◽  
History Of

This chapter provides an introduction to the topic of human rights and dementia. It briefly traces the history of the human rights movement and discusses the significance of the UN Declaration on Human Rights (1948) and how the latter has helped shape other human rights treaties including the UN Convention on the rights of people with disabilities. The latter is a tool which will be used as a compass for analysis throughout the book. The chapter differentiates between human rights and human needs. It critically reviews negative and positive rights in the context of people living with dementia and describes the three generation of rights all people possess by virtue of being human. It argues for the application of a rights based framework to be used by practitioners in dementia care and points to the usefulness of using a social justice /rights based lens to interrogate dementia, extend the contemporary debate and ultimately attempt to improve quality of life and quality of care for all those living with dementia. The main aim of the book, the critical perspectives informing it and some of its distinctive features are highlighted.

Forced Disappearances in the Inter-American Human Rights System

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
Sandra Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
New Wave ◽  
American System ◽  
System P ◽  
Human Rights Movement ◽  
Regional System ◽  
History Of

The chapter explains the approach taken toward disappearances by the mechanisms that comprise the Inter-American System of Human Rights. Inter-American jurisprudence is a tool that is not only useful in litigation within the regional system but also constitutes a fundamental tool which can be adapted for domestic litigation and the construction of public policies in the countries in the region. The chapter argues that the institutional history of the Inter-American System has been shaped by victims and their families as well as by a human rights movement that was itself forged in the struggle against the gravest human rights violations of authoritarian regimes, which were often committed against political opponents. Today that system serves to respond to the new wave of disappearances in post-transitional contexts.

“Taking in the Broad Spectrum”: Human Rights and Anti-Politics in the Chile Solidarity Campaign (UK) of the 1970s

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-643
Author(s):  
Alyssa Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Bias ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Salvador Allende ◽  
Human Rights Movement ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of

Abstract Chile’s 1973 military coup has often been cited as a watershed moment in the history of contemporary human rights. To be sure, the overthrow of democratically elected socialist President Salvador Allende and the brutality of Pinochet’s new military junta inspired wide international outrage, much of which came to be articulated in the language of human rights. Yet international opposition to Pinochet did not begin predominantly as a human rights movement. In examining the Chile Solidarity Campaign (CSC) in the United Kingdom, this article suggests that the Chile solidarity movement’s eventual embrace of human rights talk was due in part to the left’s turn to “anti-politics.” The CSC sought to “take in the broad spectrum” of political opinion in its campaign because such a tactic fit the organization’s goal of isolating the junta internationally, avoided the threat of division among the Chilean and British left, emulated the success of such broad fronts in other European Chile solidarity organizations, and abided by the tactical direction of much of the Chilean left in exile. The ostensibly “anti-political” language of human rights promoted organizational unity and also allowed the CSC to skirt accusations of political bias. However, the rejection of overt political considerations had longer-term implications. As Chilean Christian Democrats (PDC) altered the face of opposition to Pinochet in the late 1970s, the CSC and other international allies increasingly supported the more moderate line promoted by the PDC leadership.

Nationalist and Separatist discourses in cyclical violence in Papua

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-430
Author(s):  
Muridan Widjojo
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Nationalist Discourse ◽  
Human Rights Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
National Police ◽  
The Military

AbstractThis article is an attempt to review the cyclical history of violence in Papua, Indonesia. I analyse the ways in which the Indonesian security forces employ nationalist discourse to justify conduct in Papua that includes obstructing justice and intimidating human rights advocates. The birth of the human rights movement in Papua in the mid 1990s in many ways has challenged this security approach. Human rights advocates not only expose excessive violent behaviour on the part of the military during 'secret' operations, but also question the high military troop levels and the conduct of the national police in Papua. The advent of Reformasi in 1998 revived all over the province the demands for secession that had been dormant during the 1980s and 1990s. This has served the army as a pretext to maintain its strong presence in Papua. My main argument is that both the pro-independence Papuans and the security forces have a vested interest in keeping the secession issue as the dominant discourse on Papua. From the early 1960s to 2003, the security forces have been able to argue that the state is under threat of separatism. In turn, the violence and impunity Papuans endure provides the basis for their ever-growing discourse of independence.

scholarly journals The Crucial Role of Human Rights NGOs in the Inter-American System

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 355-359
Author(s):  
Ximena Soley
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
General Level ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Human Rights Movement ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Strategies

Since the explosion of the human rights movement in the early 1970s, civil-society organizations have played a key role in the inter-American human rights system (IAS). In the era of dictatorships, they provided the information necessary for the Inter-American Commission to be able to act in the face of uncooperative states. When democracy returned to the region, these organizations grew in number, and their role within the IAS likewise expanded. In particular, a set of organizations that focused on legal strategies and the activation of regional human rights protection mechanisms cropped up. These organizations have, at a more abstract and general level, contributed to the juridification of human rights struggles and ultimately to the creation of a legal field. They have also largely set the agenda of the IAS, although the agenda-setting power has been limited to a small number of organizations that constitute the system's “repeat players.” In a manner befitting their systemic importance, these organizations have tried to make sure the organs of the IAS run smoothly, and to defend them when they come under attack. This essay explores the different roles that human rights NGOs have played in the history of the IAS and suggests that the strategy of increasing juridification that they have pursued since the region's return to democracy might have reached its limits.

Between Scholarship and Dissidence: The Dissident Historical Collection Pamiat΄ (1975–1982)

Slavic Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1026
Author(s):  
Barbara Martin ◽  
Anton Sveshnikov
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Editorial Team ◽  
Citizen Involvement ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
Human Rights Movement ◽  
History Of

This article examines the history of the Soviet dissident historical collection Pamiat΄ through the lens of liminality. It argues that the publication sought to bridge the gap between dissident and professional scholarship, between grassroots memory collection, with its emphasis on the witness's voice, and historical research's reliability and “scientificity.” Although Pamiat΄ was inspired by earlier dissident historiographical projects and its editorial team was closely linked to the human-rights movement, its ambitions of objectivity and representativeness also connect it to later Perestroika projects based on citizen involvement, such as Memorial. Pamiat΄s ambiguous identity and claim to neutrality may have delayed the Soviet authorities’ response to it, but repression eventually hit the publication. By putting into question the state's monopoly on historical scholarship and connecting readers and contributors across the Iron Curtain, Pamiat΄ had clearly overstepped the boundaries of the permissible and acquired a political meaning it disingenuously claimed not to have.

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