Accuracy estimation of GNSS observations at a reference basis as a means of testing the measuring equipment of local geodynamic monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 961 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
V.I. Kaftan ◽  
V.N. Tatarinov ◽  
A.I. Manevich ◽  
A.N. Prusakov ◽  
A.V. Kaftan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Special Technique ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Gnss Measurements

The procedures of GNSS-equipment accuracy testing are considered in the aspect of the matter of predicting the earth’s crust movements and deformations when substantiating the geoecological safety of highly radioactive waste disposal in geological formations. For verification, the 1st category reference basis of the Federal Scientific-Technical Center for Geodesy, Cartography and Spatial Data Infrastructurе was used. The experiment was performed with a two-system GNSS equipment of the geodetic class. The session of simultaneous observations at the points of the reference basis lasted 4 hours. A special technique is proposed for assessing the contribution to the total error of each measuring equipment set. The technique is based on the well-known procedure of determining the basis lengths from linear measurements in all combinations using the least squares method. Estimates of the GNSS measurements accuracy for simultaneous observing two global navigation systems GLONASS and GPS are obtained. The root-mean-square error of the contribution to measuring the baseline vector length of one equipment set was 2,9 mm.

scholarly journals Selected Aspects of Navigation System Synthesis for Increased Flight Safety, Protection of Human Lives, and Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Džunda ◽  
Peter Dzurovčin ◽  
Ivan Koblen ◽  
Stanislav Szabo ◽  
Edina Jenčová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Safety Protection ◽  
Transport Safety ◽  
The Impact

Accurate navigation systems allow us to optimize the trajectory of flying objects and thus solve environmental problems in aviation and their impact on public health. In this paper, we present one of the methods of assessment of accuracy and resistance to interference of distance-measuring equipment (DME). By using computer technology, the method enables us to determine the potential but also the real error measuring the distance of the flying object from DME. The credibility of the respective results of the solution on the task of DME optimal rangefinder synthesis depends on the accuracy of the previous data used, i.e., mathematical models of the respective flying objects flight dynamics, useful signals, and their parameters and interference. DME systems have an impact on air transport safety, and therefore the impact of interference on their operation must be investigated.

Enhancing the Efficiency of ICT by Spatial Data Interoperability

2011 ◽  
pp. 1182-1197
Author(s):  
Otakar Cerba ◽  
Karel Charvat ◽  
Jan Jezek ◽  
Stepan Kafka
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Data Interoperability ◽  
Data Description ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Green Ict ◽  
Spatial Data Sets

In the present world of information and communication technologies (ICT) “Green ICT” represents a topic of immense interest. The meaning, sense and scope of Green ICT are quite varied and very wide. Hardware technologies, for example (virtualization of hardware) and corresponding methods are considered initiatives towards environment protection and sustainable growth. At the same time, however, improved development and implementation of existing tools influencing environment by implication (for example due to reducing travel costs or energy savings) are very important in terms of Green ICT. ICT solutions could also work as a device or medium of implementation of new environmentally friendly methods, for instance in agriculture or industry. Spatial data or data with a direct or indirect reference to a specific location or geographic area (INSPIRE Registry, 2009), like digital maps, data in navigation tools, are a significant means of correlating otherwise disparate sources of information. This chapter tries to show the relationship of spatial data and how it can benefit Green ICT. This relationship is vital, as spatial data plays a very important role in system and application (e.g. Geographic Information Systems) with the potential for making direct impact on environmental protection. Spatial data continues to be an integral part of common equipment like mobile phones, car navigation systems and computers. The numbers of these gadgets are constantly growing and so is the corresponding volume of spatial data sets. Within the context of this rapid growth, the costs of data capture, management, updating, processing and distribution are increasing. For example the operation of servers containing the same spatial data sets is energy-consuming and results in burdening the influence on environment. Spatial data sharing, re-use and possibilities of interconnection of existing spatial data sources pose a solution. Therefore, the spatial data interoperability assurance (e.g. by private spatial data providers, state administration etc.) is required. The spatial data interoperability enables more efficient management and use of spatial data sets and achieving of desired savings.The principles of spatial data interoperability are described in the first part of this document. Emphasis is put on spatial data heterogeneities as the main problem of spatial data interoperability. Moreover, technologies focused on elimination of spatial data heterogeneities are discussed here. Subsequent paragraphs introduce selected instruments (metadata, schema languages, ontologies) which are based on data description and support data interoperability. The last section of this document is composed of examples of several international projects focused on spatial data description and processing of well-described spatial data through web services.

Improving participation for the German search for a nuclear waste repository site: an interactive map as a transdisciplinary approach 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Schwarz ◽  
Paula Bräuer
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
National Level ◽  
Salt Dome ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Nuclear Waste Repository ◽  
Interactive Map

<p>The political and social debate on nuclear energy in Germany has been characterized for many decades by a high potential for conflict and dissatisfaction. Especially the controversies surrounding the Gorleben salt dome gained international attention and changed the relationship between citizens and political decision-makers from the local to the national level. With the Repository Site Selection Act of 2013 (StandAG, first amendment in 2017) a new approach was chosen to implement a participative, inclusive and transparent search process for the best possible repository for high-level radioactive waste in Germany. In this context, a self-learning process was proclaimed, based on a white (unbiased) map, which should give citizens an active role. However, the first interim report of the Federal Company for Radioactive Waste Disposal and the publication of the colorful map, in which geologically suitable areas were identified on a large scale, already revealed a massive potential for conflict. Many citizens and activists who were already protesting against the Gorleben salt dome criticized in this early phase of the process, the lack of transparency and opportunities to have a say on the possible sitting regions.</p><p>To address this criticism, we want to provide an interactive map as an online platform that presents existing geographic data, that enables people to contribute spatially-located information (geological, on-surface), and thus a possibility for people to interact and participate regarding the possible siting regions. Therefore, we collect existing spatial data that is relevant to the ongoing process, such as possible siting regions (declared by the Federal Company for Radioactive Waste Disposal), nuclear power plants (active/inactive, research facilities, etc.), storage facilities (on-site, central, interim, etc.), historically relevant locations (places of protest, uranium enrichment & processing facilities, etc.) as well as basic data for orientation. We implement two possibilities for participatory interaction: (1) adding spatially-located notes that contain own experiences or local knowledge (e.g. reports, concerns, suggestions) and (2) initiating a platform for a spatially-located discussion. Against the background of transdisciplinary research, in an iterative process, we want to evaluate the participatory value of this application by consulting civic as well as scientific actors. We, therefore, employ focus groups with a transdisciplinary support group of citizens beforehand and surveys after using the application. For this panel we want to present our primary results from a first test with the aforementioned focus groups.</p><p>Aside from testing the suitability of such a mode of participation, we aim to analyze where problems emerge, and which information is necessary and/or might lead to conflict. Finally, we want to gain insight into how such modes of participation influence the quality of dialogue and how it contributes to the overall perception of a procedurally just process.</p>

Enhancing the Efficiency of ICT by Spatial Data Interoperability

2011 ◽  
pp. 301-316
Author(s):  
Otakar Cerba ◽  
Karel Charvat ◽  
Jan Jezek ◽  
Stepan Kafka
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Data Interoperability ◽  
Data Description ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Green Ict ◽  
Spatial Data Sets

In the present world of information and communication technologies (ICT) “Green ICT” represents a topic of immense interest. The meaning, sense and scope of Green ICT are quite varied and very wide. Hardware technologies, for example (virtualization of hardware) and corresponding methods are considered initiatives towards environment protection and sustainable growth. At the same time, however, improved development and implementation of existing tools influencing environment by implication (for example due to reducing travel costs or energy savings) are very important in terms of Green ICT. ICT solutions could also work as a device or medium of implementation of new environmentally friendly methods, for instance in agriculture or industry. Spatial data or data with a direct or indirect reference to a specific location or geographic area (INSPIRE Registry, 2009), like digital maps, data in navigation tools, are a significant means of correlating otherwise disparate sources of information. This chapter tries to show the relationship of spatial data and how it can benefit Green ICT. This relationship is vital, as spatial data plays a very important role in system and application (e.g. Geographic Information Systems) with the potential for making direct impact on environmental protection. Spatial data continues to be an integral part of common equipment like mobile phones, car navigation systems and computers. The numbers of these gadgets are constantly growing and so is the corresponding volume of spatial data sets. Within the context of this rapid growth, the costs of data capture, management, updating, processing and distribution are increasing. For example the operation of servers containing the same spatial data sets is energy-consuming and results in burdening the influence on environment. Spatial data sharing, re-use and possibilities of interconnection of existing spatial data sources pose a solution. Therefore, the spatial data interoperability assurance (e.g. by private spatial data providers, state administration etc.) is required. The spatial data interoperability enables more efficient management and use of spatial data sets and achieving of desired savings.The principles of spatial data interoperability are described in the first part of this document. Emphasis is put on spatial data heterogeneities as the main problem of spatial data interoperability. Moreover, technologies focused on elimination of spatial data heterogeneities are discussed here. Subsequent paragraphs introduce selected instruments (metadata, schema languages, ontologies) which are based on data description and support data interoperability. The last section of this document is composed of examples of several international projects focused on spatial data description and processing of well-described spatial data through web services.

Cellular Stokes flow induced by rotation of a cylinder in a closed channel

1992 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 557-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Hellou ◽  
Madeleine Coutanceau
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Rectangular Channel ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Creeping Flow ◽  
Central Cell ◽  
Polar Coordinates ◽  
Special Technique ◽  
Rotating Circular Cylinder ◽  
Very High

The evolution of the cellular structure of the two-dimensional creeping flow induced by a rotating circular cylinder set in the centre of a rectangular channel is studied numerically and experimentally when the aspect ratio A increases from 1 to 7. In the calculations, depending on the value of A, either only series in terms of polar coordinates, or both matched polar and Cartesian coordinates series are employed to represent the stream function and an efficient least-squares method, very easy to program, is selected to satisfy some of the boundary conditions. For the experiments, a special technique which visualizes intermittently the paths of solid tracers during long times of exposure permits us to observe the fluid motion in the whole domain, even in the regions where the velocities are very small. An excellent measure of agreement between the numerical and experimental results is found. Thus it is clearly shown how, in the region beyond the rotating flow directly driven by the cylinder, the two main corner cells visualized at A = 1, develop with increasing A and then coalesce, to finally merge and give rise to a single central cell. This central cell develops in its turn, tending finally to the unbounded channel reference cell, after passing through a maximum length however. Owing to the very high precision of the calculations, many details of the flow development have been clearly shown, in particular the periodicity, with increasing A, of all the different phases, progressively inducing a succession of cells. The prediction that the angle of separation of the fluid boundaries of the cells tends towards the theoretical limit of 58.61° when the aspect ratio becomes large is also confirmed.

scholarly journals THE ISSUE OF LS-OPTIMIZATION SATELLITE GEODETIC NETWORKS IN THE TERRESTRIAL COORDINATE SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Padve ◽  
Nikolay S. Kosarev
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Computational Experiment ◽  
Satellite Network ◽  
Geodetic Networks ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
Parametric Version ◽  
New Item

The issue of processing GNSS measurements performed to add a new item into a "hard" network is discussed. Two variants of this add: «beam» and «network» are compared. A fragment of the satellite network, which includes five "hard" points of the main network and one defined, acted as the object on which the computational experiment was carried out, testing the theory of this question. The processing of observational materials is implemented in to Excel electronic computational table using an algorithm synthesized version of the parametric version of LS-optimization of spatial data. The «insert» coordinates obtained as a result of this processing and their average square errors were identical for both variants, which is what follows from the theory of LS-optimization of measurement results taking into account of the errors of the coordinates of «hard» points.

scholarly journals Analysis of changes in the coordinates of the “Tavaksay” geodynamic polygon

2021 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Erkin Mirmakhmudov ◽  
Vahidjon Niyazov ◽  
Vazira Makhamatova ◽  
Nozima Muminova
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Covariance Matrix ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Laser Measurements ◽  
Deformation Processes ◽  
Spatial System ◽  
Gnss Measurements

This article presents the results of GNSS and laser measurements at the “Tavaksay” geodynamic polygon. Describes the classical methods for determining the change in coordinates based on triangulation and leveling. Ways to improve the accuracy of local microplate tectonics using navigation systems are outlined here.The coordinates of the benchmarks were calculated in the rectangular GaussKruger coordinate system and the spatial system B, L, H for CK42 and WGS84.The trilateration method for determining the distances between points of the geodynamic network is analyzed. An assessment of the accuracy of the coordinates of points and the distances between them, depending on the number of measurement cycles, has been made.The accuracy of the trilateration and GNSS method for this network is graphically presented. The diagonal elements of the covariance matrix of GNSS measurements are investigated. It is proposed to make homogeneous GNSS and laser measurements at the tops of the hills at a certain time interval to study local deformation processes.

scholarly journals MODEL AND ALGORITHMS FOR DETERMINING THE LOCATION AND POSITION OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY DURING THE MOVEMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Andrii Podorozhniak ◽  
Oleksii Balenko ◽  
Valentyn Sobol
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Autonomous Control ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Gps Receiver ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Data Processing Methods

The subject of research is the navigation subsystem of autonomous control system to determine the location and position of agricultural machinery during the movement. The purpose of the work is to develop and research model and algorithms to determine the location and position of mobile agricultural machinery using a physical model. The following tasks are solved in the article: development of agricultural machinery physical model to collect information from sensors during movement, further development and research of applicability of algorithms for location and position determination. The following methods are used: methods of mathematical statistics, methods of information systems theory and data processing, methods of random signals filtration. The following results were obtained: during research, the agricultural machinery physical model to collect information from sensors during movement was created. The model includes a GPS receiver, an accelerometer, gyroscope and infrared encoders, to count the rotation of the wheels, as well as its own four wheelbase of agricultural machinery. The modernized GPS coordinate filtration algorithm using a geochex algorithm is proposed, which according to several successively obtained GPS coordinates calculates the hash received coordinates; if the coordinates have the same hash, it can be argued that the vehicle is in the segment of the area that corresponds to this hash. To determine the physical model position during the movement data from the accelerometer and the gyroscope was processed using Savitzky-Golay and Madgwick filters. With the use of wheels’ rotation data, the odometric algorithms for movement and location determining of the agricultural machinery physical model in motion were implemented. Conclusions: to improve the accuracy of estimating the location and position agricultural machinery, algorithms complexation of indicators from different navigation systems should be used to reduce the total error. Research results can be applied in the development of new and modifications of existing navigation subsystems of agricultural machinery autonomous control systems.

scholarly journals The Highest Peaks of the Mountains: Comparing the Use of GNSS, LiDAR Point Clouds, DTMs, Databases, Maps, and Historical Sources

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5731
Author(s):  
Stanisław Szombara ◽  
Marta Róg ◽  
Krystian Kozioł ◽  
Kamil Maciuk ◽  
Bogdan Skorupa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Spatial Data Sets ◽  
Gnss Measurements

Advances in remote data acquisition techniques have contributed to the flooding of society with spatial data sets and information. Widely available spatial data sets, including digital terrain models (DTMs) from aerial laser scanning (ALS) data, are finding more and more new applications. The article analyses and compares the heights of the 14 highest peaks of the Polish Carpathians derived from different data sources. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) geodetic measurements were used as reference. The comparison primarily involves ALS data, and selected peaks’ GNSS measurements carried out with Xiaomi Mi 8 smartphones were also compared. Recorded raw smartphone GNSS measurements were used for calculations in post-processing mode. Other data sources were, among others, global and local databases and models and topographic maps (modern and old). The article presents an in-depth comparison of Polish and Slovak point clouds for two peaks. The results indicate the possible use of large-area laser scanning in determining the maximum heights of mountain peaks and the need to use geodetic GNSS measurements for selected peaks. For the Polish peak of Rysy, the incorrect classification of point clouds causes its height to be overestimated. The conclusions presented in the article can be used in the dissemination of knowledge and to improve positioning methods.

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