scholarly journals Clinical Recommendations of the Russian Gastroenterological Association on Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Esophagitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
V. T. Ivashkin ◽  
N. D. Yuschuk ◽  
I. V. Maev ◽  
A. S. Trukhmanov ◽  
O. A. Storonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Ulcer Bleeding ◽  
Esophageal Disease ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Clinical Recommendations

Aim. Current clinical recommendations aim to provide gastroenterologists, general practitioners (family doctors), endoscopists and infectionists with modern methods for diagnosis and treatment of infectious esophagitis.Key points. Infectious esophagitis is an esophageal disease of fungal, viral, bacterial or parasitic origin. Esophagus may be affected per se or conjointly in a common gastrointestinal infection. All patients suspected for infectious esophagitis, unless contraindicated, are advised an esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy to confirm diagnosis. Selected incidents of infectious esophagitis require a histological, immunohistochemical examination or polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis to verify the infectious agent. Uncomplicated infectious esophagitis requires a conservative therapy, mostly on an outpatient basis. However, cases of severe odynophagia, dysphagia, severe pain syndrome, high complication risks (e.g., esophageal ulcer bleeding in thrombocytopenia), severe immunodeficiency, generalised forms of disease and severe concomitant disorders are considered for hospital care. The clinical recommendations outline criteria for the medical care quality assessment and provide relevant information to the patient.Conclusion. Diagnosis of infectious esophagitis capitalises on the clinical picture (odynophagia, dysphagia), presence of immunosuppression, endoscopic and histological evidence. All patients with infectious esophagitis of verified origin are recommended a suitable etiotropic therapy.

Pain in dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
T. M. Manevich ◽  
E. A. Mkhitaryan
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain

Increasing life expectancy of the world’s population is accompanied by increasing number of elderly patients with dementia. According to various studies, the prevalence of pain syndrome in elderly patients with dementia ranges from 35.3% to 63.5%. The review represents data on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosis and treatment of pain syndrome in patients with dementia. Medicinal and non-pharmacological methods of pain relief are discussed.

scholarly journals Risk of Lyme disease development after a tick bite

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovan Mladenovic ◽  
Radovan Cekanac ◽  
Novica Stajkovic ◽  
Milena Krstic
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Tick Attachment ◽  
The Way

Background/Aim. Despite numerous research of Lyme disease (LD), there are still many concerns about environmental of infectious agent of LD, as well as its prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this work was to determine the risk of LD in relation to the way of removing ticks and duration of tick attachment. Methods. In the period from 2000 to 2007 a prospective study was conducted including persons with tick bite referred to the Institute of Epidemiology, Military Medical Academy, and followed for the occurrence of early Lyme disease up to six months after a tick bite. Epidemiological questionnaire was used to collect relevant information about the place and time of tick bites, the way of a removing tick, duration of tick attachment, remnants of a tick left in the skin (parts of the mouth device) and the signs of clinical manifestations of LD. Duration of tick attachment was determined on the basis of size of engorged tick and epidemiological data. Removed ticks were determined by the key of Pomerancev. Professional removing of attached tick was considered to be removing of tick with mechanical means by healthcare personnel. Fisher's exact test, Chi squares test and calculation of the relative risk (RR) were used for data analysis. Results. Of 3 126 patients with tick bite, clinical manifestations of LD were demonstrated in 19 (0.61%). In the group of subjects (n = 829) in which a tick was not removed professionally there were 17 (2.05%) cases with LD, while in the group of respondents (n=2 297) in who a tick was removed professionally there were 2 (0.09%) cases with LD after tick bite (RR, 23.55; p < 0.0001). The disease was most frequent in the group of respondents with incompletely and unprofessionally removed ticks (2.46%). In the groups of patients with unprofessionally but completely removed ticks LD occurred in 0.89%, while in the group of subjects with a tick removed by an expert, but incompletely in 0.78% cases. The disease occurred rarely in the group with a tick removed completely and professionally (0.05%). There was no case of LD in the group of patients with a tick removed within 24 hours. The longer time of exposure after 24 hours, the higher absolute risk of disease was reported. Conclusion. In prevention of Lyme disease it is important to urgent remove a tick, to use a correct procedure of removing and to remove the whole tick without any remnants.

scholarly journals Clinical recommendations of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis in children

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
E. P. Kasatkina ◽  
M. I. Martynova ◽  
V. A. Peterkova ◽  
L. N. Samsonova ◽  
L. V. Sapelkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Clinical Recommendations ◽  
Russian Association

The article is devoted to the clinical recommendations of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis in children

The concept of state

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odo Diekmann ◽  
Hans Heesterbeek ◽  
Tom Britton
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Environmental Input ◽  
Current Value

This chapter considers the case of individuals who differ from each other with respect to traits that are relevant for the transmission of an infectious agent. How do we describe the spread of the agent? How do we quantify the infectivity? What happens in the initial phase? Can we characterize the final size? Examples of the “traits” we have in mind are age, sex, sexual activity level, sexual disposition, and spatial position. So a trait may be static or dynamic, it may be discrete or continuous. Traits are considered as i-states, where “i” means “individual” and where “state” signifies that the current value together with the environmental input in the intervening period completely determines future behavior. The heterogeneity of individuals is classified in terms of a component, h-state, of their i-state, while the other component, d-state, summarizes all relevant information about output of infectious material.

BENIGN TUMORS BREAST GLASS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Arif Guseynov ◽  
T. Guseynov ◽  
V. Odincov
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Benign Tumors

The lecture provides relevant information for doctors of various specialties: oncologists, surgeons, mammologists, general practitioners on the problems of diagnosis and treatment of benign breast formations. The issues of etiology and pathogenesis, classification and clinical picture of various formations are highlighted, diagnostic methods, differential diagnostics, treatment tactics and methods of surgical treatment are described in detail.

scholarly journals Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: Systemic Therapies, Guidelines, and an Evolving Standard of Care

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanny Al-Samkari
Keyword(s):  
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Clinical Recommendations ◽  
Antiangiogenic Therapies ◽  
Systemic Therapies ◽  
Second International

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) management is evolving due to the emergence and development of antiangiogenic therapies to eliminate bleeding telangiectasias and achieve hemostasis. This is reflected in recent clinical recommendations published in the Second International Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HHT, in which systemic therapies including antiangiogenics and antifibrinolytics are now recommended as standard treatment options for bleeding. This review highlights the new recommendations especially relevant to hematologists in managing bleeding, anticoagulation, and anemia in patients with HHT.

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