scholarly journals Vaccines for gastrointestinal parasites, a pillar of preventive medicine in veterinary practice: Systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-251
Author(s):  
Lina Maria Vargas Borda ◽  
Laura Daniela Prieto Prieto ◽  
Monica María Baquero Parra ◽  
Wilson Corredor Santamaria ◽  
Neuza Maria Alcantara Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Production Animals

Contextualization: The antiparasitic resistance caused by the indiscriminate use of anthelmintic drugs for the control of gastrointestinal parasites in production animals and pets, has become one of the biggest problems in animal health. For this reason, the use of vaccines could benefit animal health and welfare by controlling emerging zoonotic diseases and foodborne pathogens of animal origin, thus improving public health. Knowledge gap: It is relevant for professionals in veterinary science to know the clinical trials of experimental vaccines for controlling certain gastrointestinal parasites.   This way, they can be at the forefront of the next available technological products and so, be able to control this menace to the animal health and public health.  Purpose: To do a systematic review of clinical trials for experimental vaccines in production animals and pets for diseases caused by gastrointestinal parasites of relevance in animal production and/or public health. Furthermore, it presents the current gastrointestinal antiparasitic vaccines commercialized in different countries and their prophylactic efficacy. Methodology: PRISMA protocols were followed for this systematic review. Articles were obtained from scientific databases with the following keywords: vaccines, clinical trials, commercial vaccines, parasites control, gastrointestinal nematodes, gastrointestinal cestodes, gastrointestinal protozoa, Ascaris suum, Ancylostoma caninum, Cooperia oncophora, Echinococcus granulosus, Eimeria spp., Giardia lamblia, Haemonchus contortus, Osteortagia osteortagi, Taenia solium and Teladorsagia circumcincta.  Only clinical trials of gastrointestinal antiparasitic vaccines in birds, pets, pigs and ruminants were included in this analysis, as well as commercial vaccines currently available for these same parasites.  Results and conclusions: Even though there are important clinical trial studies of vaccines in these animal species (n=101) reported between 1964 to 2020, only five parasites can be prevented/controlled with commercial vaccines used in veterinary medicine: Haemonchus contortus and Echinococcus granulosus in ruminants, Taenia solium in pigs, Eimeria spp. in birds and Giardia lamblia in dogs (e.g., Cysvax™, Barbervax®, Providean® Hidatil EG95, CocciVac® and GiardiaVax™). It is expected that, with the development of bioinformatics and methodologies such as reverse vaccinology, this immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic range will be extended as to control these parasitic agents of great importance in human and animal health.   

scholarly journals Surveys of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Sus scrofa domesticus (Domestic Pig) in Ushongo Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
A D Yaji ◽  
K T Fayum ◽  
I E Onah
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Isospora Suis ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus ◽  
The Impact

Gastrointestinal parasites are responsible for substantial loss of productivity in livestock production. This study was carried out with the aim of determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of pigs in Ushongo LGA of Benue State, Nigeria over a period of three months Four hundred fecal samples were collected from the rectum of pigs and screened using the simple tube floatation and tube sedimentation techniques. An overall prevalence of 33.5% was observed. A total of 9 parasite species were isolated. Ascaris, Fasciola, Taenia solium, Trichuris suis, Hymenolepsis, Isospora suis, Strongyloides, Eimeria Spp and Hookworm had a prevalence of 24.17%,16.48%, 19.78%, 6.59%, 1.09%, 3.29%, 18.69%, 6.59%, 3.29%respectively.This study reveals that gastrointestinal parasites are relatively low in Ushongo L.G.A. Further investigation should be carried out to study the impact of parasitic infestation of pigs on public health in the study area.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among schoolchildren in Um-Asher Area, Sudan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Hajissa ◽  
Abd Elhafiz M.A. Muhajir ◽  
Tmador Abd All ◽  
M.S. Zakeia ◽  
Hamza Adam Eshag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Fresh Stool

Abstract Objective: Infections with Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are widely prevalent and responsible for serious public health issues among school-aged children in developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of these parasites among children from two primary schools in Um-Asher area, Khartoum, Sudan. A total 170 fresh stool specimens were collected from November 2017 to June 2018. The samples were examined by microscopy for the presence of the two parasites. Results: The overall prevalence of both parasites among the 170 children was 20%, with 13 children infected with E. histolytica (7.6%) and 23 with G. lamblia (13.5%). Most of the positive cases were single infections. Only two children (1.2%) had mixed infections. This indicates that these gastrointestinal parasites remain a challenging public health concern wherever sanitation and health measures are limited.

scholarly journals Digital technology interventions to reduce loneliness in adults: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S G Sarwar Shah ◽  
David Nogueras ◽  
Hugo van Woerden ◽  
Vasiliki Kiparoglou
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Social Emotional

Abstract Background Loneliness is an emerging public health issue and its burden is increasing in developed countries. Loneliness is associated with social, emotional, physical and mental health issues. Tackling loneliness is important to reduce its adverse impacts on individuals with loneliness and their families. Various digital technology-based interventions are used to tackle loneliness. Assessing the effectiveness of these interventions is important from the health, social care and public health perspectives. Aim To undertake a systematic review of published primary research on digital technology interventions to reduce loneliness in adults. Methods Databases searched: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria: empirical research articles involving the application of digital technology interventions for tackling loneliness; participants aged ≥18 years and publication in the English Language from 1 January 2010 to 14 January 2019. Two researchers systematically screened articles and data were extracted from shortlisted articles applying a population, intervention(s), comparator(s) and outcome(s) (PICO) framework. Results We selected 14 studies mostly from developed countries such as the US (n = 5) and Sweden (n = 3). We found a wide variation in the sample sizes (range 5-591 participants), participants’ age (range 32-90, average 66.4-82.5 years) and the follow-up measurement period (6 weeks-12 months) in the selected studies. Digital technology interventions tested were Internet-based social activities and networking through video or phone calls (using Skype (n = 6) and Facebook (n = 2)), communicating via emails (n = 2). Most of the studies used the UCLA loneliness scale (n = 9) and reported reductions in loneliness in follow-up measurements compared to baseline measurements. Conclusions Digital interventions are associated with reduced loneliness in adults; however, further studies such as clinical trials involving larger sample sizes are needed. Key messages Loneliness is associated with social, emotional, physical and mental health problems and the burden of loneliness is increasing, especially in developed countries. Digital technology interventions help in reducing loneliness in adults but further research including clinical trials involving large sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal parasites of sheep, municipality of Lajes, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima de Souza ◽  
Manoel Pimentel-Neto ◽  
Rízia Maria da Silva ◽  
Albeísa Cleyse Batista Farias ◽  
Marcos Pezzi Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism

This study investigated the gastrointestinal parasitism by helminths and protozoa in sheep (Ovis aries) Santa Inês breed, municipality of Lajes, Rio Grande do Norte. Monthly, from April 2005 to August 2007, stool samples were collected from two tracer lambs in the first day of the experiment and performed a necropsy of these animals in 44th day. A total of 64 lambs were sampled, but only 62 lambs were slaughtered. The fecal samples were examined by sedimentation in water. The contents of the abomasum, small intestine and large intestine were examined for the recovery of helminths. The parasitological examination revealed eggs of the following groups of helminths: Strongyloidea, Strongyloides sp., Trichuris sp., and Moniezia sp. Also were found oocysts of Eimeria spp., cysts of Entamoeba ovis and Giardia duodenalis. The helminths identified from examining the contents were: Haemonchus contortus, Cooperia pectinata, Cooperia punctata, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Moniezia expansa, Oesophagostomum sp. Skrjabinema ovis and Trichuris sp.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Application of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in Clinical Trials for COVID-19: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya RSJB Rana ◽  
Santosh Dulal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Clinical Trial Registries ◽  
Corona Virus

AbstractThe corona virus disease -2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a massive global public health havoc. Recent published clinical trials show conflicting data for use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19. This study meticulously evaluated the various dosages of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine utilized in clinical trials registered in Chinese and US clinical trial registries for the treatment of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the results of published clinical trials and in vitro studies using chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine relevant to the disease are discussed.

Evaluation of animal and public health surveillance systems: a systematic review

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. DREWE ◽  
L. J. HOINVILLE ◽  
A. J. C. COOK ◽  
T. FLOYD ◽  
K. D. C. STÄRK
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Wide Range

SUMMARYDisease surveillance programmes ought to be evaluated regularly to ensure they provide valuable information in an efficient manner. Evaluation of human and animal health surveillance programmes around the world is currently not standardized and therefore inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review was to review surveillance system attributes and the methods used for their assessment, together with the strengths and weaknesses of existing frameworks for evaluating surveillance in animal health, public health and allied disciplines. Information from 99 articles describing the evaluation of 101 surveillance systems was examined. A wide range of approaches for assessing 23 different system attributes was identified although most evaluations addressed only one or two attributes and comprehensive evaluations were uncommon. Surveillance objectives were often not stated in the articles reviewed and so the reasons for choosing certain attributes for assessment were not always apparent. This has the potential to introduce misleading results in surveillance evaluation. Due to the wide range of system attributes that may be assessed, methods should be explored which collapse these down into a small number of grouped characteristics by focusing on the relationships between attributes and their links to the objectives of the surveillance system and the evaluation. A generic and comprehensive evaluation framework could then be developed consisting of a limited number of common attributes together with several sets of secondary attributes which could be selected depending on the disease or range of diseases under surveillance and the purpose of the surveillance. Economic evaluation should be an integral part of the surveillance evaluation process. This would provide a significant benefit to decision-makers who often need to make choices based on limited or diminishing resources.

scholarly journals Surveys of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Sus scrofa domesticus (Domestic Pig) in Ushongo Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
A D Yaji ◽  
K T Fayum ◽  
I E Onah
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Isospora Suis ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus ◽  
The Impact

Gastrointestinal parasites are responsible for substantial loss of productivity in livestock production. This study was carried out with the aim of determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of pigs in Ushongo LGA of Benue State, Nigeria over a period of three months Four hundred fecal samples were collected from the rectum of pigs and screened using the simple tube floatation and tube sedimentation techniques. An overall prevalence of 33.5% was observed. A total of 9 parasite species were isolated. Ascaris, Fasciola, Taenia solium, Trichuris suis, Hymenolepsis, Isospora suis, Strongyloides, Eimeria Spp and Hookworm had a prevalence of 24.17%,16.48%, 19.78%, 6.59%, 1.09%, 3.29%, 18.69%, 6.59%, 3.29%respectively.This study reveals that gastrointestinal parasites are relatively low in Ushongo L.G.A. Further investigation should be carried out to study the impact of parasitic infestation of pigs on public health in the study area.

Abstract #273: Benefits of Extended Release Metformin: Systematic Review of the Ongoing Clinical Trials

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Hemant Thacker ◽  
Rajeev Chawla ◽  
Navneet Agrawal ◽  
Rohit Kapoor ◽  
Noel Somasundaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Extended Release

L-arginine effect on inflammatory mediators: A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Reza Mirhafez ◽  
Mitra Hariri
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract. L-arginine is an important factor in several physiological and biochemical processes. Recently, scientists studied L-arginine effect on inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). We conducted a systematic review on randomized controlled trials assessing L-arginine effect on inflammatory mediators. We searched data bases including Google scholar, ISI web of science, SCOPUS, and PubMed/Medline up to April 2019. Randomized clinical trials assessing the effect of L-arginine on inflammatory mediators in human adults were included. Our search retrieved eleven articles with 387 participants. Five articles were on patients with cancer and 6 articles were on adults without cancer. L-arginine was applied in enteral form in 5 articles and in oral form in 6 articles. Eight articles were on both genders, two articles were on women, and one article was on men. L-arginine could not reduce inflammatory mediators among patients with and without cancer except one article which indicated that taking L-arginine for 6 months decreased IL-6 among cardiopathic nondiabetic patients. Our results indicated that L-arginine might not be able to reduce selected inflammatory mediators, but for making a firm decision more studies are needed to be conducted with longer intervention duration, separately on male and female and with different doses of L-arginine.

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