scholarly journals Plastic response to early shade avoidance cues has season-long effect on Beta vulgaris growth and development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Adjesiwor ◽  
Joseph Ballenger ◽  
Cynthia Weinig ◽  
Brent E. Ewers ◽  
Andrew Kniss
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
True Leaf

Early emerging weeds are known to negatively affect crop growth but the mechanisms by which weeds reduce crop yield are not fully understood. In a 4-yr study, we evaluated the duration of weed-reflected light on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) growth and development. The study included an early-season weed removal series and a late-season weed addition series of treatments arranged in a randomized complete block, and the study design ensured minimal direct resource competition. If weeds were present from emergence until the two true-leaf sugar beet stage, sugar beet leaf area was reduced 22%, leaf biomass reduced 25%, and root biomass reduced 32% compared to sugar beet grown season-long without surrounding weeds. Leaf area, leaf biomass, and root biomass were similar whether weeds were removed at the two true-leaf stage (approximately 330 GDD after planting) or allowed to remain until sugar beet harvest (approximately 1240 GDD after planting). Adding weeds at the two true-leaf stage and leaving them until harvest (~1240 GDD) reduced sugar beet leaf and root biomass by 18 and 23%, respectively. It appears sugar beet responded to weed presence by adjusting carbon allocation and leaf orientation to optimize light interception.

scholarly journals Shade avoidance cues reduce Beta vulgaris growth

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Schambow ◽  
Albert T. Adjesiwor ◽  
Louise Lorent ◽  
Andrew R. Kniss
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Reflected Light

AbstractField and greenhouse experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2015 at the University of Wyoming to evaluate the response of Beta vulgaris (L.) to reflected-light quality. Large-pail field studies included a factorial arrangement of three varieties of B. vulgaris (sugar beet, table beet, and Swiss chard) and reflected-light treatments (using either colored plastic mulch, grass, or bare-soil controls). Greenhouse studies included sugar beet as influenced by either grass or soil surroundings. In all studies, grass was grown in separate containers from B. vulgaris, so there was no root interaction. Grass was clipped regularly to prevent shading and competition for sunlight. Reflected light from different-colored plastic mulches (red, blue, green, black, clear) did not affect B. vulgaris growth. However, reflected light from the grass reduced the number of leaves in all B. vulgaris varieties such that there were 10 to 14 fewer leaves in B. vulgaris surrounded by grass compared with the soil treatment at 90 d after planting in the field study. Shade avoidance cues from surrounding grass reduced B. vulgaris total leaf area by 49% to 66%, leaf biomass by 21% to 30%, and root biomass by 70% to 72%. Similar results were observed in greenhouse experiments, where the grass treatment reduced sugar beet leaf biomass by 48% to 57% and root biomass by 35% to 64%. Shade avoidance cues have the potential to significantly reduce B. vulgaris yield, even in the absence of direct resource competition from weeds.

Pronamide Effects on Physiology and Yield of Sugar Beet

Weed Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalliopi Kadoglidou ◽  
Chrysovalantis Malkoyannidis ◽  
Kalliopi Radoglou ◽  
Ilias Eleftherohorinos ◽  
Helen-Isis A. Constantinidou
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Photosynthetic Yield

Field experiments were conducted in northern Greece during 2001 and repeated in 2002 and 2004 to evaluate the effects of pronamide on sugar beet. Total leaf area, leaf area index (LAI), leaf and root dry weights, photosynthetic yield (quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in photosystem II), chlorotic index, and yield components of sugar beet were monitored after pronamide application. Three sugar beet cultivars, ‘Avantage’, ‘Dorothea’, and ‘Bianca’, requiring short, intermediate, and long vegetative periods, respectively, were subjected to treatment. Pronamide was applied on sugar beet either as a double application of 0.63 kg ai ha−1at the two- to four-leaf and 0.63 kg ai ha−1at the four- to six-leaf stage or as a single application of 1.26 kg ai ha−1performed at the latter leaf stage. Both application procedures were combined with a split application of phenmedipham at 0.04 kg ai ha−1plus desmedipham at 0.04 kg ai ha−1plus metamitron at 0.70 kg ai ha−1plus ethofumesate at 0.10 kg ai ha−1plus mineral oil at 0.50 L ha−1applied POST at the cotyledon–to–two-leaf as well as at the four-leaf growth stages. Pronamide (both single and double application) initially caused chlorosis and reduction of sugar beet growth. LAI and photosynthetic yield were also significantly affected for a 2-mo period following the final application, after which the negative effects caused by pronamide were ameliorated. At harvest, sugar beet root and sugar yield, sucrose, K+, Na+, and N-amino acid concentrations were not affected by the herbicide treatments compared with those produced in weed-free and herbicide-free plots, indicating that all cultivars managed to overcome the transient pronamide stress. Regarding sugar beet cultivars, root and sugar yield of Avantage and Dorothea at harvest were higher than that of Bianca, whereas sucrose concentration of Avantage was the lowest. There was not an apparent relationship between the order of sugar yield per cultivar (Dorothea > Avantage > Bianca) and the length of the vegetative period (Avantage < Dorothea < Bianca).

scholarly journals Penggunaan Limbah Baglog Tiram dan Jenis Nutrisi Terhadap Pakcoy Pada Hidroponik Substrat

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Retno Bandriyati Arni Putri ◽  
Trijono Djoko Sulistyo ◽  
Chairul Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Random Design

<p>The increase of oyster mushroom farmers in wonogiri will be impact immediately on increasing waste baglog. One of the utilization is to be medium on hydroponic substrate for growing mustard greens and it will combined with charcoal and various types of nutrients. The research was conducted from October to December 2015 at the Greenhouse C and Laboratory EMPT UNS.the research employed completely random design (CRD) with two factor that is ratio of medium and various types of nutrients. The result of research showed that interaction between ratio of medium and various types affected significantly  the parameters of leaf area, leaf fresh weight and leaf biomass. Root fresh weight, root volume, root length and root biomass is only influenced by the type of nutrition with the ab mix is the most good in improving and supplying nutrients</p>

scholarly journals The EFFICACY OF DUAL GOLD (S-METOLACHLOR) ON WEED BIOMASS (g m-2) AND ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SUGAR BEET (BETA VULGARIS L.) CV. CALIFORNIA-KWS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-504
Author(s):  
Imran Khan ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Malik Muhammad Hashim ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Jilani ◽  
Mohammad Safdar Baloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Weed infestation is a major problem and matter of concern as it reduces yield as well as quality of many crops including sugar beet. Manual weeding is very tedious, costly, time consuming and most probably non-availability of trained and skillful labor is another issue. Keeping in view these facts, an experiment was performed to evaluate the efficacy of dual gold on the weed biomass (gm-2) and on the growth and yield components of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cv. California-KWS during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The study was performed using RCBD having five treatments and three replications. The treatments included different application times (pre-emergence application and application after 15, 30 and 45 days after emergence) of dual gold (s-Metolachlor) and a control (weedy check). Data were recorded on fresh and dry weed biomasses (g m-2), number of leaves plant-1, leaf area plant-1 (cm2), leaf and root weights plant-1 (g), sucrose%, TSS%, root and sugar yields (t ha-1). The results showed significant variation among the treatments for all parameters during both years of study. Among the treatments the dual gold (s-Metolachlor) applied as pre-emergence reduced weed fresh and dry biomasses (g m-2) and also enhanced number of leaves plant-1, leaf area (cm2), leaf and root weight plant-1, sucrose%, TSS%, root and sugar yields (t ha-1) during both years. Hence it is concluded that dual gold (s-Metolachlor) applied as pre-emergence is best for eradicating weeds at early stages of growth and hence improving yield and quality of sugar beet under Dera Ismail Khan Conditions.

Glyphosate Can Reduce Glyphosate-resistant Canola Growth After Individual or Sequential Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Schilling ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Jane R. King
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Shoot Weight

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine whether multiple applications of glyphosate and time of glyphosate application with regard to the crop's growth stage had a significant effect on the growth and development of glyphosate-resistant canola. Glyphosate was applied as single applications at the two-, four-, or six-leaf stage of canola; as sequential double applications at the two- and four-, two- and six-, and four- and six-leaf stages of canola; and as a triple application at all three stages. Of the plant growth parameters measured, single applications of glyphosate resulted in significant reductions to stem weight and shoot weight compared with nontreated plants, and multiple applications of glyphosate caused significant reductions to leaf area, leaf weight, stem weight, and shoot weight. Single applications of glyphosate were less injurious to glyphosate-resistant canola compared with multiple applications, and canola growth parameter reductions were greatest after earlier glyphosate applications.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and characterization of aquaporin gene family in Beta vulgaris

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilong Kong ◽  
Shaozong Yang ◽  
Yulu Wang ◽  
Mohammed Bendahmane ◽  
Xiaopeng Fu
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Aquaporin Gene ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Aquaporins (AQPs) are essential channel proteins that execute multi-functions throughout plant growth and development, including water transport, uncharged solutes uptake, stress response, and so on. Here, we report the first genome-wide identification and characterization AQP (BvAQP) genes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), an important crop widely cultivated for feed, for sugar production and for bioethanol production. Twenty-eight sugar beet AQPs (BvAQPs) were identified and assigned into five subfamilies based on phylogenetic analyses: seven of plasma membrane (PIPs), eight of tonoplast (TIPs), nine of NOD26-like (NIPs), three of small basic (SIPs), and one of x-intrinsic proteins (XIPs). BvAQP genes unevenly mapped on all chromosomes, except on chromosome 4. Gene structure and motifs analyses revealed that BvAQP have conserved exon-intron organization and that they exhibit conserved motifs within each subfamily. Prediction of BvAQPs functions, based on key protein domains conservation, showed a remarkable difference in substrate specificity among the five subfamilies. Analyses of BvAQPs expression, by mean of RNA-seq, in different plant organs and in response to various abiotic stresses revealed that they were ubiquitously expressed and that their expression was induced by heat and salt stresses. These results provide a reference base to address further the function of sugar beet aquaporins and to explore future applications for plants growth and development improvements as well as in response to environmental stresses.

scholarly journals Acceleration of Begonia × semperflorens-cultorum Growth Using Supplemental Irradiance

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-260
Author(s):  
Raymond Kessler ◽  
Allan M. Armitage ◽  
David S. Koranski
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Begonia Semperflorens

Plug flats of Begonia × semperflorens-cultorum Hort. `Pizzazz Red', Vodka', and `Viva' were provided 0, 50, 125, or 200 μmol·s-1·m-2 metal-halide supplemental irradiance in the greenhouse for 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks. Treatments were initiated when seedlings were in the first true leaf stage (2 weeks after sowing). Plug-grown begonias reached transplantable dry weight and leaf area after 4 weeks of 125 μmol·s-1·m-2 supplemental exposure, while those under O and 50 μmol·s-1·m-2 required 6 to 8 weeks. Fewest number of days to visible bud and anthesis and the fewest number of nodes for all cultivars occurred after 2 weeks of 125 μmol·s-1·m-2 supplemental exposure. The same conditions achieved the greatest final leaf area and plant height; however, final dry weight was unaffected. Additional supplemental irradiance and/or exposure time did not accelerate flowering or improve vegetative growth of finished plants.

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