scholarly journals Validation of the demographic Fetal Medicine Foundation Risk Calculator in predicting singleton antepartum stillbirth -- A retrospective case-control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Muin ◽  
Karin Windsperger ◽  
Nadia Attia ◽  
Herbert Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Risk Calculator ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Fetal Medicine ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Control Study

Objectives: To externally validate the demographic setting of the online Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) Stillbirth Risk Calculator based upon maternal medical and obstetric history in a case-matched cohort. Design: Retrospective case-control study Setting: Tertiary referral hospital Population: 144 fetuses after singleton intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and a matched control group of 247 singleton live births between 2003 and 2019 Methods: Nonparametric receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to predict the prognostic power of the risk score and to generate a cut-off value to discriminate best between the events of stillbirth versus live birth. Main Outcome Measures: FMF Stillbirth risk score Results: The IUFD cohort conveyed a significantly higher overall risk assessment with a median FMF Stillbirth risk score of 0.45% (0.19-5.70%) compared to live births [0.23% (0.18-1.30%); p<0.001]. Demographic factors mainly contributing to the increased risk were BMI (p=0.002), smoking (p<0.001), chronic hypertension (p=0.015), APS (p=0.017), type 2 diabetes (p<0.001) and need for insulin (p<0.001). ROC analysis to evaluate the discriminative ability of the FMF Stillbirth Risk Calculator showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 (95% CI 0.67–0.78; p<0.001). The FMF Stillbirth risk score at a cut-off level of 0.34% (OR 6.22; 95% CI 3.91–9.89; p<0.001) yielded a specificity of 82% and a sensitivity of 58% in predicting singleton antepartum stillbirths. Conclusion: The FMF Stillbirth Risk Calculator achieved a similar performance in our cohort of women as in the reference group.

Threshold values of antibodies to estrogen, progesteron and benzo [a] pyrene as a risk factor for the development of endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Artymuk ◽  
Vitaliy O. Chervov ◽  
Larissa N. Danilova ◽  
Elena G. Polenok ◽  
Olga Zotova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Conventional Unit ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objectives The objective of the study was to determine the level of antibodies (AB) of Ig classes A and G to estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and benzo [a] pyrene (Bp) in patients with endometriosis of various severity and estimate their threshold values as a risk factor for the development of endometriosis. Methods A retrospective case–control study was performed. The study involved 200 women. Group I: women with endometriosis (n=100), Group II: patients with tubal-peritoneal infertility (n=100). All patients underwent immunological studies of blood serum; and the levels of steroid hormones (P, E2), antibodies to them and Bp were determined. A ROC analysis was carried out to identify threshold values of antibodies levels. Results Women with endometriosis were found to have statistically significantly higher levels of antibodies IgA and IgG to E2, P and benzo [a] pyrene compared to women of Group II. The threshold levels of IgA-Bp, IgA-E2 and IgA-P are >5 CU (conventional unit), IgG-Bp, IgG-E2>9 CU and IgG-P>8 CU. The level of IgG-P in patients with severe forms of endometriosis is statistically significantly higher than in minor forms of the disease. In case of severe forms, there is a tendency to increasing other classes of antibodies. Conclusions Patients with endometriosis usually have a higher level of IgA and IgG to Bp, E2, P. Their threshold values, which are risk factors for the development of the disease, are estimated.

scholarly journals Modeling Clinical And Non-Clinical Determinants of Intrapartum Stillbirths In Singletons In Six Public Hospitals In The Greater Accra Region of Ghana: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Vanotoo ◽  
Duah Dwomoh ◽  
Amos Laar ◽  
Agnes Kotoh ◽  
Richard Adanu
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Fetal Autopsy ◽  
Intrapartum Stillbirth ◽  
Greater Accra Region ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: The Greater Accra Region (GAR) of Ghana records 2000 stillbirths annually and 40 % of them occur intrapartum. An understanding of the contributing factors will facilitate the development of preventive strategies to reduce the huge numbers of intrapartum stillbirths. This study identified determinants of intrapartum stillbirths in GAR.Method: A retrospective 1:2 unmatched case-control study was conducted in six public hospitals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. A multivariable ordinary logistic regression model with robust standard error was used to quantify the effect of exposures on intrapartum stillbirth. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve and the Brier scores were used to assess the predictive performance of the regression models. Results: The following maternal factors increased the odds of intrapartum stillbirths: pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) [adjusted Odds Ratio; aOR=3.72, 95% CI:1.71-8.10, p<0.001]; antepartum haemorrhage (APH) [aOR=3.28, 95% CI: 1.33-8.10, p<0.05] and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) [aOR=3.36, 95% CI: 1.20-9.40, p<0.05]. Conclusions: Improved management of PIH, APH, PROM, and preterm delivery will reduce intrapartum stillbirth. Hospitals should improve on the quality of monitoring women during labor. Auditing of intrapartum stillbirths should be mandatory for all hospitals and Ghana Health Service (GHS) should include fetal autopsy in stillbirth auditing to identify other causes of fetal deaths. Interventions to reduce intrapartum stillbirth must combine maternal, fetal, and service delivery factors to make them effective.

Assessment of Craniofacial Morphology in Mouth Breathing Children. A retrospective case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3649-3653
Author(s):  
David Angelescu ◽  
Teodora Angelescu ◽  
Meda Romana Simu ◽  
Alexandrina Muntean ◽  
Anca Stefania Mesaros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Oral Breathing ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Control Study

The aim of this retrospective case-control study is to determine a possible correlation between breathing mode and craniofacial morphology. The study was carried out in the Department of Pedodontics,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The sample comprised 80 patients, age between 6 and 13 years, which were divided in two groups based on respiratory pattern: control group composed of 38 nasal breathing children and case group composed of 42 oral breathing children. Three quantitative craniofacial parameters were measured from the frontal and lateral photos: facial index, lower facial height ratio and upper lip ratio. The statistical analysis showed a significant higher facial index (p=0.006*) and an increase lower facial height (p=0.033*) for the oral breathers group. No differences in facial morphology were found between genders and age groups, when comparing the data between the same type of respiratory pattern children. Spearman�s rho Correlation show a significant positive correlation (p=0.002*) between facial index and lower facial height and a significant negative correlation between facial index and upper lip (p=0,005*). Long faces children are more likely to develop oral breathing in certain conditions, which subsequently have a negative effect on increasing the lower facial height by altering the postural behavior of mandible and tongue.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Balance Impairment and Factors Associated with Balance among Patients with Stroke. A Cross Sectional Retrospective Case Control Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Fayaz Khan ◽  
Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance Impairment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide, and balance impairments are common disabling factors in patients with stroke, leading to falls. Thus, the study objectives were as follows: (i) To find the prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke. (ii) To find out the factors associated with balance impairment in patients with stroke. This cross-sectional retrospective case control study involved eighty-one post stroke patients with a mean age of 58.36 ± 14.06, recruited from six hospitals, who underwent an assessment of balance, walking speed, depression and isometric strength of the ankle and knee. These patients were later categorized into subjects with good balance (<45) in the Berg balance scale (BBS) and those with poor balance (≥45), as cases and controls, to assess the factors associated with balance impairment using binary logistic regression. The prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke was 48.1%. The reduction in power of knee flexors (OR = 0.858), knee extensors (OR = 0.880) and ankle dorsiflexors (OR = 0.820) was found to be significantly associated with balance impairment, along with speed (OR = 1.187 (95% CI = 1.100, 1.280)), depression (OR = 1.331 (95% CI = 1.055–1.679)) and activities of daily living (OR = 0.313 (95% CI = 0.150–0.650)). In summary, around half of the patients with stroke exhibited balance impairments, with females being more prone.

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