scholarly journals Field evaluation of Specific Mycobacterial Proteins-Based Skin Test for the Differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis-Infected and Bacillus Calmette Guerin-Vaccinated Crossbred Cattle in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berecha Bayissa ◽  
Aboma Zewude ◽  
Adane Worku ◽  
Balako Gumi ◽  
Stefan Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Test Reactions ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) challenges intensive dairy production in Ethiopia and implementation of the test and slaughter control strategy is not economically acceptable in the country. Vaccination of cattle with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) could be an important adjunct to control, which would require a diagnostic test to differentiate Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis)-infected and BCG-vaccinated animals (DIVA role). This study describes evaluation of a DIVA skin test (DST) that is based on a cocktail (DSTc) or fusion (DSTf) of specific (ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Rv3615c) M. bovis proteins in Zebu-Holstein crossbred cattle in Ethiopia. The study animals used were 74 calves (35 BCG-vaccinated and 39 unvaccinated) aged less than three weeks at the start and 68 known bTB positive cows. Six weeks after vaccination, the 74 calves were tested with DSTc and the single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test. The cows were tested with DSTc and SICCT test. Reactions to DSTc were not observed in BCG-vaccinated and unvaccinated calves while SICCT test reactions were detected in vaccinated calves. DSTc reactions were detected in 95.6% of the cows and single intradermal tuberculin (SIT) positive reactions were found in 98.2% (95% confidence interval, CI, 92.1–100%). The sensitivity of DSTc was 95.6% (95% CI, 87.6–99.1%), and significantly (P<0.001) higher than the sensitivity (75%, 95% CI, 63.0-84.7%) of the SICCT test at 4mm cutoff. DSTf and DSTc reactions were correlated (r = 0.75; 95% CI =0.53–0.88). In conclusion, DSTc could differentiate M. bovis-infected from BCG-vaccinated cattle in Ethiopia. DST had higher sensitivity than the SICCT test. Hence, DSTc could be used as a diagnostic tool for bTB if BCG vaccination is implemented for the control of bTB in Ethiopia and other countries.

scholarly journals Improved Skin Test for Differential Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis by the Addition of Rv3020c-Derived Peptides

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Jones ◽  
Adam Whelan ◽  
Derek Clifford ◽  
Mick Coad ◽  
H. Martin Vordermeier
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens

ABSTRACTA peptide cocktail derived from the mycobacterial antigens ESAT-6, CFP-10, and Rv3615c allowed differentiation betweenMycobacterium bovis-infected and M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated cattle when used as a skin test reagent for a “DIVA” test (i.e., a test capable ofdifferentiatinginfected and uninfectedvaccinatedanimals). Addition of the antigen Rv3020c improves the diagnostic sensitivity without compromising specificity in the face of BCG or Johne's disease vaccination.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of a Novel Differential Diagnostic Reagent for Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in Cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1119-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Cockle ◽  
S. V. Gordon ◽  
R. G. Hewinson ◽  
H. M. Vordermeier
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Current Lead ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Diagnostic Reagent ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT In the search for improved tools with which to control bovine tuberculosis, the development of enhanced immunodiagnostic reagents is a high priority. Such reagents are required to improve the performance of tuberculin-based reagents and allow the discrimination of vaccinated cattle from those infected with Mycobacterium bovis. In this study, we identified the immunodominant, frequently recognized peptides from Rv3873, Rv3879c, Rv0288, and Rv3019c, which, together with peptides comprising the current lead diagnostic antigens, ESAT-6 and CFP-10, were formulated into a peptide cocktail. In a test of naturally infected cattle, this cocktail was significantly better than tuberculin was for identifying skin test-negative animals with confirmed bovine tuberculosis. In addition, the specificity of this cocktail was not compromised by Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination. In summary, our results prioritize this peptide-based, fully synthetic reagent for assessment in larger trials.

scholarly journals Minimum Infective Dose of Mycobacterium bovis in Cattle

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 6467-6471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian S. Dean ◽  
Shelley G. Rhodes ◽  
Michael Coad ◽  
Adam O. Whelan ◽  
Paul J. Cockle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Infective Dose ◽  
Test Reactions ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
The Times

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to determine the minimum infective dose of Mycobacterium bovis necessary to stimulate specific immune responses and generate pathology in cattle. Four groups of calves (20 animals) were infected by the intratracheal route with 1,000, 100, 10, or 1 CFU of M. bovis. Specific immune responses (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] and interleukin-4 [IL-4] responses) to mycobacterial antigens were monitored throughout the study, and the responses to the tuberculin skin test were assessed at two times. Rigorous post mortem examinations were performed to determine the presence of pathology, and samples were taken for microbiological and histopathological confirmation of M. bovis infection. One-half of the animals infected with 1 CFU of M. bovis developed pulmonary pathology typical of bovine tuberculosis. No differences in the severity of pathology were observed for the different M. bovis doses. All animals that developed pathology were skin test positive and produced specific IFN-γ and IL-4 responses. No differences in the sizes of the skin test reactions, the times taken to achieve a positive IFN-γ result, or the levels of the IFN-γ and IL-4 responses were observed for the different M. bovis doses, suggesting that diagnostic assays (tuberculin skin test and IFN-γ test) can detect cattle soon after M. bovis infection regardless of the dose. This information should be useful in modeling the dynamics of bovine tuberculosis in cattle and in assessing the risk of transmission.

scholarly journals Performance of serological antibody tests for bovine tuberculosis in cattle from infected herds in Northern Ireland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. McCallan ◽  
C. Brooks ◽  
C. Couzens ◽  
F. Young ◽  
A.W. Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Serological Tests

AbstractThe ability to accurately identify infected hosts is the cornerstone of effective disease control and eradication programs. In the case of bovine tuberculosis, caused by infection with the pathogenMycobacterium bovis, accurately identifying infected individual animals has been challenging as all available tests exhibit less than 100% discriminatory ability. Here we assess the utility of three serological tests and assess their performance relative to skin test (Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin; SICCT), gamma-interferon (IFNγ) and post-mortem results in a Northern Ireland setting. Furthermore, we describe a case-study where one test was used in conjunction with statutory testing.Serological tests using samples taken prior to SICCT disclosed low proportions of animals as test positive (mean 3% positive), despite the cohort having high proportions with positive SICCT test under standard interpretation (121/921; 13%) or IFNγ (365/922; 40%) results. Furthermore, for animals with a post-mortem record (n=286), there was a high proportion with TB visible lesions (27%) or with laboratory confirmed infection (25%). As a result, apparent sensitivities within this cohort was very low (≤15%), however the tests succeeded in achieving very high specificities (96-100%). During the case-study, 7/670 (1.04%) samples from SICCT negative animals from a large chronically infected herd were serology positive, with a further 10 animals being borderline positive (17/670; 2.54%). 9/17 of these animals were voluntarily removed, none of which were found to be infected (-lesions/-bacteriology) post-mortem; 1 serology test negative animal was subsequently lesion+ andM bovisconfirmed at slaughter.ImportanceEradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB; caused byMycobacterium bovis) has remained elusive in a number of countries despite long-term coordinated test and cull programs. This can partially be explained by the limitations of available statutory tests; therefore supplementary test platforms that identify additional infected animals would be of significant utility. Overall, during our study three serological tests did not disclose a high proportion of animals as infected in high-risk cattle herds, and exhibited limited ability to disclose animals that were positive to the statutory skin test, the gamma interferon test (IFNγ), or were post-mortem confirmed withM. bovis. These serological tests could be used in a supplementary fashion to the statutory tests in particular circumstances; but may be of limited advantage where parallel use of IFNγ and skin testing is performed, as these tests together tended to disclose the majority of animals with post-mortem evidence of infection in our study cohort.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the Baixo Araguari Region, Amapá, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Silvia Minharro ◽  
Cristiane De Morais Alves ◽  
Pedro Moacyr Pinto Coelho Mota ◽  
Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles ◽  
Andréa Padilha de Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
River Region

Water buffalo are of great economic importance in Brazilian Amazonia, which has the largest herd in Brazil. Bovine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a zoonotic disease that results in severe losses to water buffalo production. Although the disease has already been described in the country, data on the occurrence and distribution of bovine tuberculosis in water buffalo in Brazil is very scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of bovine tuberculosis in water buffalo in the Baixo Araguari River region of Amapá, Brazil. Thirty herds, randomly selected from the 41 herds of water buffalo in the region, were sampled. From those herds, 212 randomly selected water buffalo were subjected to the comparative tuberculin skin test. The proportion of Baixo Araguari River region herds that were positive for bovine tuberculosis was 50.0% (95% CI 31.3% to 68.7%) and the proportion of animals that were positive was estimated to be 14.8% (95% CI 7.8% to 21.9%). Our results show that bovine tuberculosis is spread widely among water buffalo in the Baixo Araguari River region, which suggests that measures to control the disease should be undertaken in the region.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin against Bovine Tuberculosis in Neonatal Calves in Ethiopia

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1533-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobena Ameni ◽  
Martin Vordermeier ◽  
Abraham Aseffa ◽  
Douglas B. Young ◽  
R. Glyn Hewinson
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Tuberculin Testing ◽  
Test Reactor ◽  
Present Trial ◽  
Interferon Responses

ABSTRACT In developing countries, the conventional test and slaughter strategy for the control of bovine tuberculosis is prohibitively expensive, and alternative control methods such as vaccination are urgently required. In this study, the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for protection against bovine tuberculosis (bTB) was evaluated in Holstein calves under field conditions in Ethiopia. Thirteen neonatally vaccinated and 14 control calves were exposed for 10 to 23 months to skin test reactor cows. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) testing, comparative intradermal tuberculin testing, postmortem examination, and bacteriological culture were used for the evaluation of BCG efficacy. The overall mean pathology score was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in control calves than in vaccinated calves. Culture positivity for Mycobacterium bovis was higher in the control calves than in the vaccinated calves, and significantly more BCG-vaccinated animals would have passed a standard meat inspection (P = 0.021). Overall, the protective efficacy of BCG was between 56% and 68%, depending on the parameters selected. Moreover, by measuring gamma interferon responses to the antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10, which are present in M. bovis but absent from BCG, throughout the experiment, we were able to distinguish between vaccinated animals that were protected against bTB and those animals that were not protected. In conclusion, the present trial demonstrated an encouraging protective effect of BCG against bTB in a natural transmission setting in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Specificity of the Tuberculin Skin Test Is Modified by Use of a Protein Cocktail Containing ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in Cattle Naturally Infected with Mycobacterium bovis

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Flores-Villalva ◽  
F. Suárez-Güemes ◽  
C. Espitia ◽  
A. O. Whelan ◽  
M. Vordermeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Test Format ◽  
Mycobacterial Species ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Tuberculosis Prevalence

ABSTRACTThe mycobacterial immunodominant ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens are strongly recognizable in tuberculosis-infected cattle, and they do not elicit a response in cattle without infection. In addition, they are absent in most environmental mycobacterial species, and therefore, their use can be an alternative to purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin in the development of a more specific skin diagnostic test in cattle. The aim of the current study was to assess the potential of an ESAT-6 and CFP-10 (E6-C10) protein cocktail in a skin test format in naturally tuberculosis-infected and paratuberculosis-infected cattle. We also included MPB83 as a third component in one of the protein cocktail preparations. The protein cocktail was tested at different dose concentrations (5, 10, and 15 μg per protein). The best skin response to the E6-C10 protein cocktail was obtained with 10 μg. Subsequently, this concentration was tested in 2 herds with high and low bovine tuberculosis prevalence, the latter with paratuberculosis coinfection. Our data show that the E6-C10 cocktail allows identification of an important proportion of animals that PPDB is not able to recognize, especially in low-prevalence herds. The protein cocktail did not induce reactions in tuberculosis-free cattle or in paratuberculosis-infected cattle. Addition of MPB83 to the protein cocktail did not make any difference in the skin reaction.

scholarly journals The Effect ofMycobacterium aviumComplex Infections on RoutineMycobacterium bovisDiagnostic Tests

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Barry ◽  
David Corbett ◽  
Douwe Bakker ◽  
Peter Andersen ◽  
Jim McNair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Infected Cattle

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is diagnosed in naturally infected populations exposed to a wide variety of other pathogens. This study describes the cell-mediated immune responses of cattle exposed toMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(Map) andMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesaviumwith particular reference to routine antefmortemMycobacterium bovisdiagnostic tests. The IFN-γreleased in response to stimulated blood was found to peak later in the Map-exposed group and was more sustained when compared to the Maa-exposed group. There was a very close correlation between the responses to the purified protein derivatives (PPD) used for stimulation (PPDa, PPDb, and PPDj) with PPDa and PPDj most closely correlated. On occasion, in the Map-infected cattle, PPDb-biased responses were seen compared to PPDa suggesting that some Map-infected cattle could be misclassified asM. bovisinfected using this test with these reagents. This bias was not seen when PPDj was used. SICCT results were consistent with the respective infections and all calves would have been classed skin test negative.

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