scholarly journals LAND USE CHANGES AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF COMMUNITIES ALONG THE CARAJÁS RAILROAD IN EASTERN AMAZONIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Cristo ◽  
Marco Santos ◽  
Valente Matlaba
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Student’S T

Studies on communities along large railroad infrastructures are very relevant because their operations can present socioeconomic and environmental impacts. This article examines the socioeconomic and environmental conditions of 32 communities directly affected by the Carajás Railroad, located in Pará and Maranhão states, eastern Amazon. The study analyses land-use changes in the territory and the indicators of those dimensions from 2010 to 2017. The environmental dimension involved qualitative analysis of satellite images from Google Earth, whereas the socioeconomic examined 17 variables collected during fieldwork in 2016 and 2017. To compare the indicators between urban and rural communities, the statistical tests of Kolmogorov Smirnov normality, the parametric Student’s t, and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis were conducted, considering a 5% significance level. Overall, the results show urban communities are in better condition and that those on the Maranhão railroad side are in a less sustainable situation. The study also found that the community’s location along the railroad is associated with the forms of land-use and occupation in the territory; and directly influences the living conditions of locals since, in the communities near the railroad, there was a higher variation in land cover and socioeconomic indicators. The joint analysis of socioeconomic data with satellite images, in defined periods, can subsidize actions aimed at reducing risk situations and increasing the resilience and communities’ sustainability endeavors.

scholarly journals Dinamika Kepentingan dan Interaksi Sosial Pedesaan: Studi Implikasi Alih Fungsi Lahan

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Dhina Yuliana ◽  
Faris Rahmadian ◽  
Nana Kristiawan ◽  
Selvy Anggriani Syarif
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Housing Estates

Land-use changes or land conversion issues not only poses a threat of ecological or environmental, but also trigger a variety of dynamics and complexity of social relations in it. West Cilebut Villages has been the target of investors and developers of housing since the 1990s, and now the West Cilebut Villages has changed from an area full of green “romantic” village, into the region filled with concrete. Therefore, this study was conducted to answer fundamental issues related to the issue of land conversion in the West Cilebut Village, first is to see the map and interests between actors in relation to land conversion in the West Cilebut Village, and second to know the social interactions dynamics that occur in West Cilebut community, following the land conversion from the farm into housing estates. The results showed that there are three main actors in relation to issues of land use change in West Cilebut Village: (1) The Housing Developer; (2) Village Apparatus / Government; (3) Society; where the three actors have a role and importance of different orientations. Meanwhile, social interaction between housing and rural communities basically shows a relationship of mutual need. Construction of housing community that luxurious and exclusive slowly turns into inclusive and reflect a resiprocity of the two communities. 

scholarly journals Mapping of Major Land-Use Changes in the Kolleru Lake Freshwater Ecosystem by Using Landsat Satellite Images in Google Earth Engine

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena Kumari Kolli ◽  
Christian Opp ◽  
Daniel Karthe ◽  
Michael Groll
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Google Earth Engine

India’s largest freshwater ecosystem of the Kolleru Lake has experienced severe threats by land-use changes, including the construction of illegal fishponds around the lake area over the past five decades. Despite efforts to protect and restore the lake and its riparian zones, environmental pressures have increased over time. The present study provides a synthesis of human activities through major land-use changes around Kolleru Lake both before and after restoration measures. For this purpose, archives of all Landsat imageries from the last three decades were used to detect land cover changes. Using the Google Earth Engine cloud platform, three different land-use scenarios were classified for the year before restoration (1999), for 2008 immediately after the restoration, and for 2018, i.e., the current situation of the lake one decade afterward. Additionally, the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) indices were used to identify land cover dynamics. The results show that the restoration was successful; consequently, after a decade, the lake was transformed into the previous state of restoration (i.e., 1999 situation). In 1999, 29.7% of the Kolleru Lake ecosystem was occupied by fishponds, and, after a decade of sustainable restoration, 27.7% of the area was fishponds, almost reaching the extent of the 1999 situation. On the one hand, aquaculture is one of the most promising sources of income, but there is also limited awareness of its negative environmental impacts among local residents. On the other hand, political commitment to protect the lake is weak, and integrated approaches considering all stakeholders are lacking. Nevertheless, alterations of land and water use, increasing nutrient concentrations, and sediment inputs from the lake basin have reached a level at which they threaten the biodiversity and functionality of India’s largest wetland ecosystem to the degree that immediate action is necessary to prevent irreversible degradation.

scholarly journals Estimation of land-use changes on Kitulo Plateau, Tanzania, using satellite imagery

Oryx ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Jon C. Lovett ◽  
Erik Prins
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
Threatened Plants ◽  
Strong Case

The Kitulo Plateau of southern Tanzania is a lava plateau covering 273 sq km at an altitude of over 2500 m. The vegetation is predominately grassland with more than 350 taxa of vascular plants, of which nearly 5 per cent are of restricted distribution. Although the plateau is extensive, much of it is now cultivated. Digital analysis of satellite images showed that at least 24 per cent of the plateau was bare soil, modified grassland or cultivation between 1973 and 1989. The botanical importance of the plateau and increase in cultivation make a strong case for the establishment of a nature reserve to protect its rare and threatened plants.

scholarly journals Evolution and Collapse of Ejidos in Mexico—To What Extent Is Communal Land Used for Urban Development?

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Schumacher ◽  
Pamela Durán-Díaz ◽  
Anne Kristiina Kurjenoja ◽  
Eduardo Gutiérrez-Juárez ◽  
David A. González-Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Private Sector Development ◽  
Communal Land ◽  
San Andres

The ejido system, based on communal land in Mexico, was transformed to private ownership due to neoliberal trends in the 1990s. Based on the theory of stakeholders being agents of change, this study aimed to describe the land policies that changed the ejido system into private development to show how land tenure change is shaping urban growth. To demonstrate this, municipalities of San Andrés Cholula and Santa Clara Ocoyucan were selected as case studies. Within this context, we evaluated how much ejido land is being urbanized due to real estate market forces and what type of urbanization model has been created. These two areas represent different development scales with different stakeholders—San Andrés Cholula, where ejidos were expropriated as part of a regional urban development plan and Santa Clara Ocoyucan, where ejidos and rural land were reached by private developers without local planning. To analyze both municipalities, historical satellite images from Google Earth were used with GRASS GIS 7.4 (Bonn, Germany) and corrected with QGIS 2.18 (Boston, MA, US). We found that privatization of ejidos fragmented and segregated the rural world for the construction of massive gated communities as an effect of a disturbing land tenure change that has occurred over the last 30 years. Hence, this research questions the roles of local authorities in permitting land use changes with no regulations or local planning. The resulting urbanization model is a private sector development that isolates rural communities in their own territories, for which we provide recommendations.

scholarly journals Floristic Response of Herbaceous Flora to Intensive Cropping Systems: A Case of Ajibode-sasa Arable Agroecosystem, Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Olayanju, Folasayo Micheal ◽  
Olubode, Oluseun Sunday
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
Arable Farming

Agriculture a most significant land use types which alter natural ecosystem dynamics. Arable farming exerts much pressure on plant biodiversity, especially when practiced intensively in urban centers. There is dearth of information on floristic changes due to intensive arable farming in urban agroecosystems in developing countries. The study therefore assessed floristic changes resulting from and intensive farming practices at Ajibode-Sasa agricultural landscape. Ajibode-Sasa agroecosystem is a complex mix of arable cropping system between latitude N07°28′, E003°53′ and longitude N07°28′, E003°54. Comparative floristic surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2020 using quadrats (1 m2) systematically laid on 18 Transects ranging from 50 – 250 m long. A total of 224 and 184 quadrats were laid in 2016 and 2020 respectively. Reduction in numbers of quadrats laid resulted from physical anthropogenic development after the 2016 survey. Species identification followed standard procedures, and quantitative occurrence data were collected for determination of species composition and computation of relative importance values (RIV) and diversity indices. Land-use changes over four years period was determined using Google earth and QGIS. Herbacous plant composition with 123 cumulative number of species in both years reduced from 98 species in 2016 to 85 species in 2020 species RIV of species ranged from 0.038 – 14.803. Tridax procumbens had the highest RIV (14.803) in 2016, while it was Acmella brachyglossa (13.248) 2020. Species richness and floral diversity was high with Shannon-Weiner Index (3.081 and 3.088) and Dominance (0.09388 and 0.08746) in 2016 and 2020 respectively. Intensive cultivation favoured introduction and spread of invasive species like Tridax procumbens and Tithonia diversifolia. Eight introduced and invasive species were newly enumerated in 2020, with a total of 38 herbaceous species no longer encountered in 2020. Concerted efforts should be made to conserve native flora on the agroecosystem through sustainable practices like crop rotation and short fallow.

scholarly journals Impacts of Windfarm Development Activities on Rocky Plateaus - Discussions on Chalkewadi plateau, Dist. Satara, Maharashtra

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasi Karandikar ◽  
Ketaki Ghate ◽  
Ketaki Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Major Activity ◽  
Reserve Forest

Rocky plateaus are ecologically very important as they harbor special diversity and are part of catchments of major rivers of Maharashtra. Detailed studies on the components and fragility of rocky plateau ecosystems are sparse. Recently, the instances of these plateaus being subjected to various land use changes without detailed assessments, have affected the balance of the complex ecosystem and the services offered by them. Windfarm development is one major activity on the rocky plateaus for which little data is available on ecosystem level impacts. Results of the present study describe the Chalkewadi plateau complex, Satara district and impacts on the plateau surface brought about by the development of a high-density windfarm. Broad observations were made on the changing land use, microhabitats and associated vegetation. Manual analysis of Google Earth images of the plateau was done to understand the nature and scale of the ground-level disturbance. Results show that even though the actual area under windmill establishment is relatively smaller compared to the total plateau area, its environmental footprint is relatively large. The network of temporary and permanent roads, created to erect and operate the windfarm, has dissected the habitat and corridors of wildlife movement. An increase in road kill incidences was observed. Roads have also initiated erosional features all along the plateau surface. Disturbance due to windfarms is widespread on the plateau with the only exception being in the Reserve Forest area and disconnected smaller plateaus. Our results complement conclusions from other studies regarding negative impacts of windfarms on birds and reptiles. Thus overall impact of windfarms, in terms of habitat destruction is significant and should be studied in depth before establishment of wind farms. Establishment of windfarms on ecologically sensitive areas should be avoided as far as possible. However, we recommend good ecological management practices that could reduce the impacts, if wind farm establishment is inevitable. The recommendations can be applied to other plateaus in Sahyadri where windfarms are already in place

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF LAND USE CHANGES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SOIL FEATURES. CASE STUDY: SECAȘ VILLAGE, TIMIȘ COUNTY (ROMANIA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Loredana Copăcean ◽  
Ionut Zisu ◽  
Valentina Mazăre ◽  
Luminiţa Cojocariu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
The North

The soil, regarded as a natural resource, but also as a determinant element of the living standards of rural communities, manly agricultural, may be influenced, directly and indirectly, by the modality of land organizing and use. Starting from this consideration, through this study, the spatial and temporal evolution of land use is being pursued, particularly that of forest areas and wooded grasslands. The goal is to notice the changes that have occurred over a 30-year period and the manner how these changes are reflected on the soil features. The researches presented in this paper have been taking place in the north-eastern hilly area of Timiş County, that area having entirely a rural character. For realizing this study satellite images, topographical and cadastral maps, from different time periods, national and international databases, data from specialty literature were used. To all these we should add direct observations in the field, topographic surveys and information collected from local authorities. The processing of cartographic materials and data and scientific information has been realized with Geographical Information Systems specific applications. The obtained result has been expressed in the form of thematic maps, in graphic form or as statistical analysis. At the level of the analyzed area, the obvious changes in the land use, registered over time, are caused by a number of factors, such as: the organization form, from communist to capitalist policies, leaving agricultural land as fallow ground, reduction in livestock, changing land use etc. All these changes have caused the extension of the wooded grasslands, reduction of arable land, installing inferior forest vegetation in qualitative and quantitative terms etc. As a result, the soil, one of the most important natural resources, is degraded qualitatively, underexploited, and on the other hand, its role as a direct and indirect food producer for local communities is significantly reduced.

Inventory and preliminary assessment of natural hazards in Kigezi highlands, South Western Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violet Kanyiginya ◽  
Ronald Twongyirwe ◽  
Grace Kagoro ◽  
David Mubiru ◽  
Matthieu Kervyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
The Impact

<p>Uganda is regularly affected by multiple natural hazards, including floods, droughts, earthquakes, landslides and windstorms. This is due to a combination of natural biophysical factors such as steep topography, intense rainfall, variability of dry and rain seasons and high weathering rates. In addition, high population density, deforestation and other human-induced land use changes, and high poverty levels are believed to have an influence on the patterns of natural hazards and their impacts in the region. Despite this, there are limited studies that assess where and when natural hazards occur in Uganda, and a dearth of information on the processes involved. In addition, drivers and earth/landscape characteristics controlling the occurrence of natural hazards in the country remain poorly understood despite the high need for effective disaster risk reduction. Here, we present the ongoing methodological research framework and the first results of a study whose main objective is to understand the spatial and temporal occurrence of natural hazards that affect the Kigezi Highlands of south western Uganda and their interactions. To this end, the study is undertaking a comprehensive regional hazard inventory consisting of satellite image analysis, field surveys and exploration of literature and archives. Historical aerial photos and interviews with the elderly are important tools to analyze the impact of multi-decadal human-induced land use changes on natural hazard occurrences. Meanwhile, a network of 15 geo-observers, i.e. citizens of local communities distributed across representative landscapes of the study area, was established in December 2019. Trained at using smartphone technology, they collect information (processes and impacts) on seven different natural hazards (droughts, earthquakes, floods, hailstorms, landslides, lightning, and windstorms) whenever they occur.  During the first 12 months, 204 natural hazard events with accurate timing information have been reported by the geo-observers. Combined to field survey, these recent events have been associated mainly with the occurrence of > 3000 shallow landslides and 30 floods, frequently in co-occurrence and triggered by heavy rainfall. Additional inventory from Google Earth and Planet imagery covering a region much larger than that of the geo-observer network and a time window of more than 10 years shows an extra 230 landslide and flood occurrences, while archives and literature indicate 226 natural hazard events over the last 30 years. The preliminary results already demonstrate the value of citizen-science in producing highly detailed natural hazard inventory. A combination of different inventory methods improves the level of accuracy in understanding the spatial-temporal distribution of natural hazards.</p>

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