scholarly journals Gastroenterological disorders increase the prevalence of Overactive Bladder in females at various ages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Taştemur ◽  
Senol Tonyali ◽  
Bugra Bilge Keseroglu ◽  
Mercan Tastemur ◽  
Mustafa Karaaslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Irritable Bowel

ABSTRACT Objective: In this study we aimed to determine the coexistence of overactive bladder in patients with gastroenterological disorders including hepatitis, cirrhosis and IBD. Materials and Methods: we prospectively collected the data of patients who admitted to the outpatient clinic of department of gastroenterology at xxx hospital between May 2017 and February 2019. All patients with chronic gastroenterological disorders such as hepatitis and irritable bowel syndrome willing to participate the study after the verbal consent were included the study Results: A total of 289 female patients were included the study. The mean age of the patients was 49.9 ±13 years. The mean BMI value was 27.9± 4.5 kg/m2. Among 289 patients, 135 (46.7%) had Hepatitis B, 53 (18.3%) had ulcerative colitis, 35 (12.1%) had Crohn’s disease, 22 (7.6%) had autoimmune hepatitis, 19 (6.6%) had primer biliary cirrhosis, 13 (4.5%) had Hepatitis C and 12(4.2%) had celiac disease. The mean age of patients was similar between patients having OAB-v8 higher and lower than 8 (p=0.46). However, patients having OAB score>8 had higher BMI compared to patients who had OAB score <8, 29.1 ±5 vs. 27.2 ±4.1 kg/m2, p=0.001. In multivariate regression analysis, BMI was the sole indicator of OAB (p=0.001) whereas age (p=0.46), menopause status (p=0.33), smoking status (p=0.97) were not. Conclusion: The incidence of OAB in our patient cohort was higher than the reported incidence which might suggest evaluation patients with gastrointestinal disorders in terms of overactive bladder on routine follow-up.

scholarly journals 1574. Multivariate Regression Analysis to Determine Independent Predictors of Treatment Outcomes in the RESTORE-IMI 2 Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S785-S786
Author(s):  
Robert Tipping ◽  
Jiejun Du ◽  
Maria C Losada ◽  
Michelle L Brown ◽  
Katherine Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mitt Population ◽  
Study Results ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background In the RESTORE-IMI 2 trial, imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (IMI/REL) was non-inferior to PIP/TAZ for treating hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) in the primary endpoint of Day 28 all-cause mortality (D28 ACM) and the key secondary endpoint of clinical response (CR) at early follow-up (EFU; 7-14 d after end of therapy). We performed a multivariate regression analysis to determine independent predictors of treatment outcomes in this trial. Methods Randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trial comparing IMI/REL 500 mg/250 mg vs PIP/TAZ 4 g/500 mg, every 6 h for 7-14 d, in adult patients (pts) with HABP/VABP. Stepwise-selection logistic regression modeling was used to determine independent predictors of D28 ACM and favorable CR at EFU, in the MITT population (randomized pts with ≥1 dose of study drug, except pts with only gram-positive cocci at baseline). Baseline variables (n=19) were pre-selected as candidates for inclusion (Table 1), based on clinical relevance. Variables were added to the model if significant (p &lt; 0.05) and removed if their significance was reduced (p &gt; 0.1) by addition of other variables. Results Baseline variables that met criteria for significant independent predictors of D28 ACM and CR at EFU in the final selected regression model are in Fig 1 and Fig 2, respectively. As expected, APACHE II score, renal impairment, elderly age, and mechanical ventilation were significant predictors for both outcomes. Bacteremia and P. aeruginosa as a causative pathogen were predictors of unfavorable CR, but not of D28 ACM. Geographic region and the hospital service unit a patient was admitted to were found to be significant predictors, likely explained by their collinearity with other variables. Treatment allocation (IMI/REL vs PIP/TAZ) was not a significant predictor for ACM or CR; this was not unexpected, since the trial showed non-inferiority of the two HABP/VABP therapies. No interactions between the significant predictors and treatment arm were observed. Conclusion This analysis validated known predictors for mortality and clinical outcomes in pts with HABP/VABP and supports the main study results by showing no interactions between predictors and treatment arm. Table 1. Candidate baseline variables pre-selected for inclusion Figure 1. Independent predictors of greater Day 28 all-cause mortality (MITT population; N=531) Figure 2. Independent predictors of favorable clinical response at EFU (MITT population; N=531) Disclosures Robert Tipping, MS, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Jiejun Du, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Maria C. Losada, BA, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Michelle L. Brown, BS, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Katherine Young, MS, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder)Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Joan R. Butterton, MD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Amanda Paschke, MD MSCE, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Luke F. Chen, MBBS MPH MBA FRACP FSHEA FIDSA, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder)Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder)

Arterial stiffness could reflect increased cardiac load and reduced pulmonary function in the general population

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Murai ◽  
T Sugiura ◽  
Y Dohi ◽  
H Takase ◽  
T Mizoguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
The Other

Abstract Background Pulmonary function is known to decrease with age and reduced pulmonary function has been reported to be associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death. The association between pulmonary impairment and atherosclerosis was reported previously but has not been investigated sufficiently in the general population. Purpose We hypothesized that arterial stiffness could reflect increase of cardiac load and reduced pulmonary function. The present study aimed to investigate whether increased cardiac load and reduced pulmonary function could affect arterial stiffness in the general population. Methods Subjects undergoing their health check-up were enrolled. Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels were measured to evaluate cardiac load and myocardial damage. Radial augmentation index (rAI) was measured to investigate arterial stiffness using HEM-9000AI device. Subjects with an ST-T segment abnormality on the electrocardiogram, renal insufficiency, cancer, active inflammatory disease, or a history of cardiovascular events and pulmonary disease were excluded. Pulmonary function was assessed using spirometry by calculating forced vital capacity (FVC) as a percentage of predicted value (FVC%-predicted), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) as a percentage of predicted value (FEV1%-predicted), and the ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC). Results A total of 1100 subjects aged 57 years were enrolled and their median values of BNP and hs-cTnI were 15.5 and 2.3 pg/ml. The levels of rAI were significantly associated with the levels of BNP after adjustment for possible confounders in multivariate regression analysis, but were not with the levels of hs-TnI. While the parameters of pulmonary function were inversely associated with the levels of rAI and hs-cTnI after adjustment for possible confounders in the multivariate regression analysis, but not with the levels of BNP. The other multivariate regression analyses where BNP, hs-cTnI, parameters of pulmonary function, and the other possible factors were simultaneously included as independent variables revealed that the BNP levels and the FVC%-predicted or FEV1%-predicted, besides age, gender, smoking status, body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, creatinine, fasting plasma glucose, and triglyceride, were significantly associated with the levels of rAI. Conclusions The significant associations of rAI with BNP and pulmonary function were revealed in the general population. These findings support that arterial stiffness could reflect increased cardiac load and reduced pulmonary function, in apparently healthy individuals. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Relation of Fatigue with Alexithymia and Depression in Psychiatric Outpatients

2007 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-545
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Wise ◽  
Michael J. Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
The Mean

The complaint of fatigue is common in community, primary care, and psychiatric settings. Fatigue is often associated with depression and psychosocial stress. This report investigated the role of alexithymia and depression in fatigue as reported in a sample of 151 psychiatric outpatients (75 men and 76 women) who completed all scales. The mean age of the sample was 45.5 yr. ( SD = 12.5), and mean education was 16.2 yr. ( SD = 2.4). Fatigue was inversely correlated with education (–.16) and positively correlated with depression (.44), anxiety (.30), and alexithymia (.35). However, in a multivariate regression analysis, only depression and alexithymia remained significant ( p ≤ .01).

scholarly journals TOLTERODINE IMPROVES QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH AN OVERACTIVE BLADDER, WITH OR WITHOUT URINARY INCONTINENCE: A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER STUDY

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
F. Mantovani ◽  
G. Bozzini ◽  
P. Acquati ◽  
S.S. Di Pierro ◽  
M.G. Spinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Prospective Multicenter Study ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Trial Entry ◽  
The Mean

AIMS: In order to analyse the effect of tolterodine on the Quality of life (QoL) of patients with overactive bladder (OB) we conducted a prospective multicentre clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were questioned at entry and 4, 12 and 24 weeks later about the number of micturitions and incontinent and urgency episodes/day, using a micturition diary. The mean volume voided per micturition and the number of pads used per day was also recorded. The QoL was measured using the Kings Health Questionnaire (KHQ) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ). A total of 179 patients entered the study: 59 dropped out (4 due to lack of efficacy, 10 due to adverse events, 25 because of lack of interest in the study/other reason and 20 were lost at follow up), leaving 120 patients for analysis. One hundred and eight patients (90%) were female, their mean age was 56.5 years (SD 11.2); 87 had never received treatment for OB/UI (80.6%) and their mean weight was 70.0 Kg (SD 12.7). RESULTS: The mean number of micturitions/day was 9.3 at trial entry and it decreased to 6.8 by the end of the study. The corresponding values for the number of urge episodes, incontinence episodes and number of pads used per day were 3.5, 2.7 and 1.2 and 0.8, 0.9 and 0.4 respectively. The mean volume voided per micturition increased from 146 ml. to 178 ml. All the differences between trial entry and end of study values were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). Considering the results of the KHQ, the values of all the different areas/domini (?) decreased markedly and in a statistically significant way between the start of treatment and the end of study evaluations. Similar findings emerged when we considered values of the IIQ. The decrease was constant and marked during the first three months and remained constant thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: This study, conducted in a population of subjects with dry and wet OB, shows that tolterodine given for six months lowers the frequency of urgency episodes and incontinence episodes without troublesome adverse effects. These clinical effects are mirrored in the QoL, KHQ and IIQ questionnaire scores, which improved by about 50% over the same period.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index in the 12 Years Old Students of Tehran City, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. e18888
Author(s):  
Azam Goodarzi ◽  
Alireza Heidarnia ◽  
Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian ◽  
Mohammad Eslami
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
The Mean

Aim: The main aim of this study was to Evaluate of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index in 12 Year Old Students of Tehran City, and to identify related factors that affect dental caries within this group. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among students of 12 years old in Tehran, Iran. Dental caries status was assessed in terms of decayed teeth (DT), filled teeth (FT) and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). “Data were analysed using SPSS version 22; a multivariate regression analysis was used to determine statistically significant associations between DMFT and other variables (p < 0.05). Results: A total of 416 respondents participated in the study. The mean age of the students was10.94 (SD=0.628) years, and the mean DMFT was 1.03 (SD=1.41). So that, in this study DT (0.53 ± 0.95) had the highest and MT (0.14 ± 0.47) had the lowest mean. A multivariate regression analysis model results showed a significant relation between high DMFT scores and such variables as increasing age, lower levels of mother's education, higher family income, lower frequency of tooth brushing and dental flossing, having a history of no visits to the dentist (P<0.05). Conclusion: The current study shows that Iranian female students have a poor oral health behavior, as very few subjects use dental floss on a regular basis. Although there appeared to be a significant relationship between caries scores and demographic factors such as age and socio-behavioral variables include  family income, the level of mothers' education, the frequency of dental brushing and flossing, and both the frequency and type of visit to a dentist.

Functional acetabular retroversion syndrome: description of a specific sub-type of FAI and results of treatment with minimally invasive PAO

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C Wyatt ◽  
Christian Smith ◽  
Ali Zavareh ◽  
Dominik Pfluger ◽  
Marcus JK Bankes
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Periacetabular Osteotomy ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Acetabular Retroversion ◽  
Crossover Sign ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Functional Scores ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Acetabular retroversion syndrome is associated with pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and results, theoretically, from an externally rotated hemipelvis. The purpose of this study was to examine our surgical experience and the clinical results of functional acetabular retroversion syndrome treated with minimally-invasive periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data in consecutive patients who had an anteverting PAO from 01 November 2010 to 31 December 2015. All patients were followed up clinically and radiologically. Functional scores were ascertained using pre- and postoperative iHOT-12 and EQ-5D. The effect of hypermobility, smoking status and body mass index (BMI) on outcome measures was evaluated. Results: 31 anteverting PAOs were performed on 27 consecutive patients. All patients were female. The mean age was 26.7 years (SD 6.7). The mean BMI was 25.8 kg/m2 (SD 5.1). 5 patients were smokers (16.1%) and 11 exhibited signs of generalised joint laxity. 23 hips had undergone prior hip arthroscopy and 1 patient had previous open FAI surgery. The minimum clinical follow-up was 2 years (mean 3.4 years; range 2–7 years). A crossover sign was present in all cases. The mean iHOT-12 score improved from 19.5 to 51 at 6 months, 64.5 at 1 year and 48 at 2 years following surgery ( p < 0.05) EQ-5D improved from 0.42 preoperatively to 0.76 at 6 months and 0.69 at 1 year following surgery ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: We have characterised functional acetabular retroversion syndrome (FARS) as a condition affecting young, active females which severe symptoms out of proportion to demonstrable radiographic pathology.

scholarly journals Relation of Perceived Stigma to Adverse Events of Medications in Patients with Epilepsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Viteva
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Purpose. We aimed to assess the influence of adverse events (AEs) of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on perceived stigma of Bulgarian patients with epilepsy. Methods. Our study was based on questionnaires (Liverpool Adverse Events Profile (LAEP) and stigma scale), information from medical documentation, and an interview on clinical factors of 153 consecutive patients with epilepsy. Results. Perceived stigma was observed in 64.71% of the study participants. There was a significant association between perceived stigma and the total LAEP score (p<0.05, F=13.71). Patients who reported AEs had an increased risk of perceiving stigma compared to those who did not experience AEs. A significant correlation between perceived stigma and the presence of neurological and psychiatric AEs (p<0.001, r=+0.60) and a mild correlation between perceived stigma and the presence of nonneurological AEs (p<0.01, r=+0.20) were verified. In a multivariate regression analysis the only predictors of perceived stigma were AED polytherapy and the presence of neurological and psychiatric AEs. Conclusions. AEs of AEDs in patients with epilepsy significantly correlate with perceived stigma. Our study results will be useful in the campaign to overcome stigma predictors.

scholarly journals Changes of the Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness after Cataract Surgery in Glaucoma Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Cheol Roh ◽  
Choul Yong Park ◽  
Martha Kim
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To investigate the effect of uneventful cataract surgery on macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGC-IPL) thickness in glaucoma patients.Methods. This retrospective study included 65 eyes of 65 subjects who underwent uneventful cataract surgery, including 13 glaucoma eyes and 52 normal eyes. Using spectral domain optical coherence tomography, the mGC-IPL thickness was measured and compared between glaucoma and normal eyes preoperatively as well as 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with postoperative change in mGC-IPL thickness.Results. The mean mGC-IPL significantly increased in both groups 1 month and 3 months after surgery (allPvalues equal to or less than 0.001). The postoperative changes between groups were not significantly different (P=0.171). In the multivariate regression analysis, preoperative mGC-IPL thickness showed a significant association with the change of average mGC-IPL thickness 1 month and 3 months after surgery (allPvalues < 0.001).Conclusions. The mean mGC-IPL thickness was increased after cataract surgery, and the postoperative mGC-IPL thickness changes were associated with preoperative mGC-IPL thickness in both groups and axial length in normal eye. The effects of cataract surgery on mean mGC-IPL thickness were not different in glaucomatous and normal eyes.

scholarly journals Treatment of choroid plexus tumors: a 20-year single institutional experience

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan Bettegowda ◽  
Owoicho Adogwa ◽  
Vivek Mehta ◽  
Kaisorn L. Chaichana ◽  
Jon Weingart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Choroid Plexus Tumors ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Institutional Experience

Object Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) are rare intracranial neoplasms that constitute approximately 2%–5% of all pediatric brain tumors. Most of these tumors present with severe hydrocephalus. The optimal perioperative management and oncological care remain a matter of debate. The authors present the epidemiological and clinical features of CPTs from a 20-year single-institutional experience. Methods A total of 39 consecutive patients with pathologically proven CPTs (31 choroid plexus papillomas [CPPs] and 8 choroid plexus carcinomas [CPCs]) were included in this series. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, comorbidities, indications for surgery, radiological studies, tumor location, and all operative variables were reviewed for each case. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of tumor recurrence and survival. Results The overall mean age (± SD) was 13.13 ± 19.59 years (15.27 ± 21.10 years in the CPP group and 3.66 ± 3.59 years in the CPC group). Hydrocephalus was noted at presentation in 34% of patients. The most common presenting symptoms were headache (32%) and nausea/vomiting (26%). Gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in 86% of CPPs and in 71% of CPCs (p = 0.57). There was 100% survival in patients with CPPs observed at the 5- and 10-year follow-up and 71% survival in patients with CPCs at the 5-year follow-up. In a multivariate regression analysis, a diagnosis of papilloma, preoperative vision changes, or hydrocephalus; right ventricle tumor location; and GTR were all independently associated with a decreased likelihood of tumor recurrence at last follow-up. Conclusions The authors' study suggests that patients with CPCs are more likely to experience local recurrence and metastasis; hence, GTR with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, particularly for CPCs, is pivotal in preventing recurrence and prolonging survival. While GTR was important for local control following resection of CPPs, it had a minimal effect on prolonging survival in this patient cohort.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Antibiotic Treatment in Children with Lyme Neuroborreliosis - A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurdur Arnason ◽  
Barbro H Skogman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Recommended Treatment

Abstract BackgroundLyme neuroboreliosis (LNB) is a tick-borne infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex with various neurological manifestations. The recommended treatment for LNB in Swedish children has been ceftriaxone i.v. 50-100 mg/kg x 1 (< 8 years of age) or doxycycline p.o. 4 mg/kg x 1 (≥ 8 years of age) for 10-14 days. Studies on adult LNB patients have shown equal efficacy for ceftriaxone i.v. and doxycycline p.o., but no such studies have been performed on pediatric LNB patients. The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate clinical outcome in children with LNB who have received ceftriaxone i.v. as compared to doxycycline p.o. ResultsClinical and laboratory data from three previously performed prospective studies on children with LNB (three cohorts, 1998-2014) were collected and retrospectively analyzed. A total of 321 Swedish children (1-19 years of age), who had received antibiotic treatment for LNB, were included. Clinical outcome at the 2-month follow-up (recovery/non-recovery) was evaluated, using Chi2 test and logistic multivariate regression analysis. Out of 321 LNB patients, 194 children (60%) had received ceftriaxone i.v. and 127 children (40%) had received doxycycline p.o.. When comparing recovery/non-recovery between treatment groups, no difference in clinical outcome was found (p=0,217). Results did not change when incorporating relevant clinical and laboratory data into the logistic multivariate regression analysis. ConclusionIn this large retrospective study, no difference in clinical outcome (recovery/non-recovery) was found, independent of age, when comparing children who received ceftriaxone i.v. with children who received doxycycline p.o., supporting an equal effectiveness for treatment of pediatric LNB patients. However, future randomized comparative treatment studies with non-inferiority design are warranted for evaluation of efficacy and safety of antibiotic treatment in pediatric LNB patients.

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