scholarly journals Ecomorphological Study of Scales in Some Genera of the Viperid and Colubrid Snakes (Ophidia: Viperidae: Colubridae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
morteza Akbarpour ◽  
Nasrullah Rastegar Pouyani ◽  
Behzad Fathinia ◽  
Eskandar Rastegar-pouyani
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Light Reflection ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Snake Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ecomorphological studies are aimed to find out the relation between the morphology of organisms and their ecology. Many studies on reptile scale microornamentation indicate that it has important functional values. In this study microornamentation and light reflection of scales’ surface among six viperid and two colubrid snake species in relation to their habitat were examined. To compare microornamentation and light reflection analyses, skin specimens were prepared and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and FluoVision Imaging System and spectrometer, respectively. The results showed that snake species inhabiting similar habitats had different microornamentation and vice versa. Likely the scale microstructures are more influenced by phylogenetic relationships than by the environment. In examining the scales’ reflection, different species and different body parts reflect various wavelengths of visible light, which relates to ecological condition of them.

Anatomical characterisation of the foliar colleters in Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber J. da Silva ◽  
Luiz Cláudio de A. Barbosa ◽  
Ana E. Marques ◽  
Maria Cristina Baracat-Pereira ◽  
Antônio L. Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Reproductive Shoot ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Five Tribes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Colleters are secretory structures that occur in vegetative or reproductive shoot apices of many botanical families. However, in the order Myrtales, reports of colleters have considered only external morphology. We therefore evaluated apical meristems of 52 species belonging to 17 genera from seven tribes of subfamily Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae), so as to analyse the incidence and morphological types of colleters. The samples were fixed for light and scanning electron microscopy. Histochemical tests were carried out on fresh and methacrylate-embedded material. Proteins of the colleter secretions were analysed by SDS-PAGE. We have classified and described the following three new colleter types: petaloid, conic and euryform. None of the species contained all three colleter types. The petaloid colleters were present in three tribes (Syzygieae, Melaleuceae and Lophostemoneae). The conic colleters were observed in three tribes (Leptospermeae, Myrteae and Melaleuceae) and the euryform type occurred in five tribes (Leptospermeae, Syncarpieae, Myrteae, Syzygieae and Melaleuceae). In the tribe Eucalypteae, we found no evidence of colleters. The presence of mucilaginous secretion that defines colleters was confirmed by histochemical tests, and no proteins were found in the secretion. The colleters in Myrtoideae may help clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the Myrtaceae family.

scholarly journals Structure and Morphology Characteristics of Fullerene C60Nanotubes Fabricated withN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a Good Solvent

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongtao Qu ◽  
Wenwen Yu ◽  
Shaocen Liang ◽  
Shaoxiang Li ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Morphology Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fullerene C60nanotubes (FNTs) were prepared via liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation usingN-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as precipitation agent at 8°C. C60-saturated NMP solutions were exposed to visible light to promote the growth of FNTs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that fibers prepared in the NMP/IPA system show three different morphologies. On the basis of the different morphologies of fullerene C60nanofibers (FNFs), a possible growth mechanism to describe the formation process of FNTs is proposed.

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity of wall ultrastructure in the green alga Pediastrum s.l. (Chlorophyta, Sphaeropleales)

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Lenarczyk ◽  
Konrad Wołowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Diagnostic Character ◽  
Sem Micrographs ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract This study examined wall ultrastructure variability in the microscopic green alga Pediastrum s.l. Its value as a diagnostic character is discussed. Field and cultured material of 21 taxa were compared using light and scanning electron microscopy. Nine ultrastructural elements occurring on the surface of Pediastrum are documented with LM and SEM micrographs. The highest number of taxa showed reticulate ornamentation composed of a trigonal mesh and granules situated on its corners. The paper considers the use of wall ultrastructure to reconcile traditional and modern taxonomical systems with regard to Pediastrum varieties, and addresses the phylogenetic relationships between strains representing different varieties.

Ion-Exchange Synthesis and Enhanced Visible-Light Photoactivity of Graphene/Hexagonal CuS/Ag2S Nanocomposites

NANO ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 1750005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zeng ◽  
Wujun Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Interfacial Charge ◽  
Visible Light Photocatalytic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Graphene loaded hexagonal CuS/Ag2S nanoplates have been successfully synthesized. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations show that hexagonal CuS/Ag2S nanoplates are tightly anchored onto graphene. The experimental results show that these nanocomposites have a highly visible-light photocatalytic performance. The high visible photocatalytic activities can be attributed to direct photoinduced interfacial charge transfer in the hexagonal CuS/Ag2S nanoplates and the further electrons transfer from CuS/Ag2S to graphene.

Redescription of Placodira lobata Thorne, 1937 (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) with a discussion of the systematic position of the genus

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Tandingan De Ley ◽  
Steven Nadler ◽  
Sven Boström ◽  
Cymphonee Robinson ◽  
Oleksandr Holovachov
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractA population of Placodira lobata from the USA is described using both light and scanning electron microscopy and compared with the descriptions of the type specimens of the same species. The phylogenetic relationships of the species are inferred from molecular data and places P. lobata in a clade that unites genera with mostly simple morphology of the labial region, like Cephalobus, Acrobeloides, Heterocephalobellus and Metacrobeles, but also includes species of Zeldia and Chiloplacus.

scholarly journals Assessing morphological congruence in Dinobryon species and their stomatocysts, including a newly established Dinobryon pediforme–stomatocyst connection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Piątek ◽  
Joanna Lenarczyk ◽  
Marcin Piątek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Resting Stages ◽  
The World ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Sem Analyses

Abstract The chrysophyte genus Dinobryon Ehrenberg consists of 44 taxa, which occur in freshwaters, rarely marine waters, mostly in temperate regions of the world. The taxa of Dinobryon produce characteristic solitary or dendroid colonies and resting stages called stomatocysts. Only 20 Dinobryon taxa have information on produced stomatocysts and only four stomatocysts are reliably linked with vegetative stages using modern identification standards employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. In this study, an encysted material of Dinobryon pediforme (Lemmermann) Steinecke was collected in two lakes in contrasting regions of Poland. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed that Dinobryon pediforme produces stomatocyst #61, Piątek J. that is described here as new morphotype following the International Statospore Working Group (ISWG) guidelines. This raises to five the number of reliable links between vegetative stages of Dinobryon species and corresponding stomatocysts. Phenotypic similarities between Dinobryon species and their stomatocysts, analysed for five reliably established links, showed no relationships in size and shape between loricas and stomatocysts belonging to the same species. The morphological characters of loricas and stomatocysts mapped onto the phylogenetic tree of the five Dinobryon species revealed only little congruence between their morphology and phylogenetic relationships.

scholarly journals Bi24Br10+xAgxO31 nanostructure, a new reusable photocatalyst for efficient removal of Acid Blue 92 from model wastewaters under visible light

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Padervand ◽  
Elham Jalilian
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Acid Blue ◽  
Scanning Electron

Bi24Br10+ xAg xO31 nanosheets were prepared by a facile single-step co-precipitation method in the presence of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid as the bromide source and template agent. The products were well characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern confirmed the presence of both Bi24O31Br10 and AgBr crystalline phases in the structure. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy micrographs and transmission electron microscopy image indicated that the sample had sheet-like morphology and the thickness of the sheets was below 100 nm. According to the photocatalytic experiments, the product was exceptionally efficient for the degradation of Acid Blue 92 solutions under visible light. Also, the results of recycling experiments indicated the high capacity of the prepared nanosheets to effect repeated treatment of the wastewater solution, which is of great importance in being introduced as a catalyst in practical applications.

scholarly journals ‘Crystal Macrosetae’: Novel Scales and Bristles in Male Arctiine Moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) Filled with Crystallizing Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Boppré ◽  
Ottmar W Fischer ◽  
Hannes Freitag ◽  
Anita Kiesel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Interspecific Communication ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Scales, exoskeletal features characteristic of the Lepidoptera, occur in enormous structural and functional diversity. They cover the wing membranes and other body parts and give butterflies and moths their often stunning appearance. Generally, the patterns made by scales are visual signals for intra- and interspecific communication. In males, scales and/or bristles also make up the androconial organs, which emit volatile signals during courtship. Here, a structurally and putative functionally novel type of scales and bristles is reported: ‘crystal macrosetae’. These lack trabeculae and windows, are made up by a very thin and flexible envelope only and contain crystallizing material. In ‘crystal scales’, there is a flat surface ornamentation of modified ridges, while ‘crystal bristles’ often show large protrusions. Crystal macrosetae usually cannot be reliably recognized without destruction. Apparently, they serve as containers for large amounts of material that is viscous in living moths, highly hygroscopic, crystallizes when specimens dry up, and can be visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Crystal macrosetae occur in males only, always associated with or making up androconial organs located on various parts of the body, and have numerous forms with diverse surface ornamentation across many species and genera. The newly identified structures and the discovery of crystallizing material in scales and bristles raise many questions and could shed new light on ontogenetic development of macrosetae, and on the biology and physiology as well as the evolution and systematics of Arctiinae. There is evidence that crystal macrosetae occur in other moths too.

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