scholarly journals EARLY CHILDHOOD ALLERGY LINKED WITH DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shay Nemet ◽  
Ilan Asher ◽  
Israel Yoles ◽  
Tuvia Baevsky ◽  
Zev Sthoeget
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Allergic Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Allergic Disorders

Background: Previous studies reported controversial results regarding the association between allergic disorders and ADHD/ASD. The aim of this article is to investigate whether allergic disorders are associated with ADHD/ASD in a large cohort of pediatric patients. Methods: A retrospective study using the pediatric (0-18 year) database (ICD-9-CM codes) of Clalit Health Services during the years (2000-2018). Diagnosis of all disorders was made by specialist physicians. Results: 117,022 consecutive non-selective allergic children diagnosed with one or more allergic disorder (asthma, rhinitis. conjunctivitis, skin, food, or drug allergy) and 116,968 non-allergic children were enrolled to our study. The mean follow-up period was 11±6 years. The presence of allergic disorders in early childhood (mean age of allergic diagnosis 4.5± 4.3 years) in boys as well as in girls, significantly increased the risk to develop ADHD (O.R 2.45, CI 2.39-2.51; P<0.0001), ASD (O.R 1.17, CI 1.08-1.27; P<0.0001) or both ADHD+ASD (O.R 1.5, CI 1.35-1.79; P<0.0001). Children with more than one allergic comorbidity revealed a much higher risk. In a multivariable analysis (adjusted for age at study entry, number of yearly visits and gender) the risk of allergic children to develop ADHD and ADHD+ASD, but not ASD alone, remained significantly higher. Conclusion: Allergic disorder in early childhood significantly increased the risk to develop ADHD, and to a less extend ASD, in later life.

Prospective study of multiple sclerosis with early onset

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ghezzi ◽  
C Pozzilli ◽  
M Liguori ◽  
M G Marrosu ◽  
N Milani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Definite Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Clinically Definite Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Fifty-four subjects (36 females and 18 males) affected by clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) and with onset of the disease at 15 years of age or before were prospectively studied in five Italian MS centres. Female/male ratio was 4.7 in subjects with age ≥12 years, suggesting a role of hormonal changes in triggering MS onset. The mean follow-up duration was 10.9-5.6 years. The functional systems more frequently involved at onset were the pyramidal and brainstem (both in 28% of cases). The onset was monosymptomatic in 31 subjects (57%). The course was relapsing-remitting in 39 subjects (72%) and relapsing-progressive in 15 (28%). Disability was assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): the mean score after 8 years of follow up was 3.5 (-2.5). The score was <4 in 68% of cases, between 4 and 6 in 8% of cases, > 6 in 24% of cases. Disability after 8 years was highly predicted by disability in the first year (p=0.008). There was a tendency to a worse prognosis in relation to the number of relapses in the first 2 years (p=0.08). The outcome was not influenced by the characteristics of symptoms at onset, age and gender.

Obstetric oxytocin exposure and ADHD and ASD among Danish and Finnish children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lonny Stokholm ◽  
Mette Juhl ◽  
Nicole M Talge ◽  
Mika Gissler ◽  
Carsten Obel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Labour Induction ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Codes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Confounder Adjustment

Abstract Background Some studies have indicated an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a small, sex-specific association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children prenatally exposed to obstetric oxytocin. Since oxytocin is widely used in the obstetric ward, these potentially deleterious effects are of concern. Thus, we aimed to examine whether obstetric oxytocin treatment for labour induction or augmentation is associated with ADHD and ASD in offspring born in a two-country design based on data from Denmark and Finland. Methods This population-based study used data from national registers in Denmark and Finland. Singletons born in Denmark 2000–10 (n = 577 380) and Finland 1991–2010 (n = 945 543), who survived infancy, were followed until 31 December 2015. ADHD and ASD were defined using diagnostic codes. For ADHD, we also included information on prescribed and redeemed ADHD medication in the definition. Hazards ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), modelled with age as the underlying time scale, were calculated to estimate the associations. Results Oxytocin was used in 31% and 46% of the included deliveries in Denmark and Finland, respectively. In crude analyses, prenatal oxytocin was associated with an approximately 20% increased risk of ADHD and ASD, but confounder adjustment attenuated the association. The adjusted HR was 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, for ADHD and 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.08, for ASD. The results were similar in across country and gender. Conclusions We found an association between synthetic oxytocin and ADHD or ASD which is unlikely to reflect a causal association and thus should not support the concern of clinical use. Our results help to allay concerns of obstetric use of oxytocin causing ADHD or ASD.

Association of early postnatal growth trajectory with body composition in term low birth weight infants

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Khandelwal ◽  
V. Jain ◽  
A. K. Gupta ◽  
M. Kalaivani ◽  
V. K. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Growth acceleration or catch-up growth (CUG) in early infancy is a plausible risk factor for later obesity and cardiovascular disease. We postulate that this risk may be mediated by an adverse programming of body composition by CUG in early infancy. The study was aimed at evaluating the association between the pattern of gain in weight and length of term low birth weight (LBW) infants from birth to 6 months, with fat mass percent (FM%) at 6 months. Term healthy singleton LBW infants were enrolled. Baby’s weight and length z-scores were measured at birth and three follow-up visits. Body composition was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry at last visit. A total of 54 babies (28 boys) were enrolled. The mean birth weight and gestation were 2175±180 g and 37.6±0.6 weeks. Follow-up visits were at 1.4±0.0, 3.0±0.3 and 7.2±0.8 months. The proportion of babies who showed CUG [increase in weight for age z-score (∆WAZ)>0.67] from birth to 1.4, 3.0 and 7.2 months was 29.6, 26.4 and 48.5%, respectively. The mean FM% at 7.2 months was 16.6±7.8%. Infants with greater ∆WAZ from birth to 3 and 7.2 months had significantly greater FM% at 7.2 months after adjusting for current age, size and gender. Infants with early CUG (<1.4 months) had higher FM% than infants with no CUG. We conclude that earlier and greater increment in WAZ is positively associated with FM%.

Results using a self-expanding stent alone in the treatment of severe symptomatic carotid bifurcation stenosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Bussière ◽  
David M. Pelz ◽  
Paul Kalapos ◽  
Donald Lee ◽  
Irene Gulka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Stent Insertion ◽  
Symptomatic Carotid ◽  
Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis ◽  
The Mean

Object Conventional endovascular therapy for carotid stenosis involves placement of an embolic protection device followed by stent insertion and angioplasty. A simpler approach may be placement of a stent alone. The authors determined how often this approach could be used to treat patients with carotid stenosis, and assessed which factors would preclude this approach. Methods Over a period of 6 years, 97 patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis were treated with the intention of using a “stent-only” approach. Arteries in 77 patients (79%) were treated with stents alone, 13 required preinsertion balloon dilation, 6 postinsertion dilation, and 1 both pre- and postinsertion dilation. Results The mean stenosis according to North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria was reduced from 82 to 40% in the stent-only group and from 89 to 37% in the stent and balloon angioplasty group. The 30-day stroke and death rate was 7.2%. Patients were followed for a mean of 15 months. In the stent-alone group, the mean preoperative Doppler peak systolic velocity (PSV) was 409 cm/second, with an internal carotid artery/common carotid artery (ICA/CCA) ratio of 7.2. At follow-up review, the PSV decreased to 153 cm/second and the ICA/CCA ratio to 2.1. In the angioplasty group the mean preoperative PSV was 496 cm/second and the ICA/CCA ratio was 9.2, decreasing to 163 cm/second and 2, respectfully, at follow-up evaluation. Restenosis occurred in 12.8% of patients at 6 months and in 15.9% at 1 year. One stroke occurred during the follow-up period in each group. Using multivariable analysis, factors precluding the “stent-only” approach were as follows: severity of stenosis, circumferential calcification, and no history of hyperlipidemia. Conclusions Balloons may not be required to treat all patients with carotid stenosis. A stent alone was feasible in 79% of patients, and 79% of patients were alive and free from ipsilateral stroke or restenosis at 1 year. Restenosis rates with this approach are higher than with conventional angioplasty and stent insertion. Carotid arteries with very severe stenoses (> 90%) and circumferential calcification may be more successfully treated with angioplasty combined with stent placement.

scholarly journals Common Venues in Romantic Relationships of Adults With Symptoms of Autism and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorrayne Stephane Soares ◽  
Ana Luiza Costa Alves ◽  
Danielle de Souza Costa ◽  
Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz ◽  
Jonas Jardim de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Passionate Love ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) figures among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite having opposite stereotypes, both ADHD and ASD compromise, though in different ways, skills such as social interactions, communication skills, and social thinking, which may underlie difficulties in romantic relationships.Methods: We evaluated 306 adults about their romantic relationships and the intensity of their love. Participants were from one of four groups:, individuals with ASD-only traits, a group with symptoms of ADHD-only, participants with neither ADHD nor ASD symptoms (control) or from a fourth group of individuals with both ADHD and ASD traits.Results: The ASD traits group had fewer married people and more people who have never been married, while the rate of divorce was higher in the ADHD traits group. Regarding the intensity of love, the mean scores of the ADHD and the ADHD+ASD traits groups were higher in the Passionate Love Scale than the mean score of the control group. Passionate love in the ASD group was no different from the other groups. Small positive correlations were found between passionate love and ADHD and ASD behavioral problems.Conclusion: Marital status was distinct depending on symptoms of a neurodevelopmental disorder in adulthood. Also, ADHD and ASD symptoms were associated with greater passionate love. Therefore, ADHD and ASD behavioral dimensions may impact long-term and short-term experiences of a person's relationship with a significant other in distinct ways. Understanding how people with neurodevelopmental disorders experience love might help us to better clarify the mechanisms associated with their relationship patterns.

scholarly journals Role of Denver II and Development Quotients in the management of several pediatric developmental and behavioral disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titi Sularyo ◽  
Bernie Endyarni ◽  
Tri Lestari H ◽  
Tirza Z. Tamin ◽  
Gitayanti Gitayanti
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnosis Therapy

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficitand hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are nowadays becoming moreand more frequently found. Parents are worried of the possibilitythat their children suffer from them. Growth and developmentclinics (GDC) should be able to deliver professional services. Thusa practica~ applicable, objective, valid, reliable, and able to measuredevelopment quotient (DQ) values instrument is needed.Objective To find out whether the Denver II instrument andDQ values can be used in the management of children with ASDandADHD.Methods A study was carried out on cases of children withASD, multisystem development disorder (MSDD), pervasivedevelopment disorder - n ot otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), andattention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), consistingof history taking, physical examination, establishing diagnosis,therapy, evaluation, and follow-up. The Denver II instrumentwas used and DQ values in all development streams established.The study was done at the GDC of Hermina Depok Hospital inJuly 2008 - June 2009.Results It revealed that results of the Denver II as seen on thefilled Denver II form showed "typical" features related to kind ofdisorder as far as category ofDQ value, dissociation, global delayeddevelopment (GDD) as well as abnormality of the test behaviorwere concerned. It also revealed that establishing the diagnosesby the use of the Denver II and DQ values gave exactly the samediagnoses as when using the conventional way by the expert.Conclusion The Denver II instrument with DQ values can beused in the management of ASD and ADHD cases. [Paediatrlndones. 2012;52:51-6].

scholarly journals Intellectual Profiles of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Watfa Al-Mamari ◽  
Ahmed Babiker Idris ◽  
Ahlam Ali ◽  
Saquib Jalees ◽  
Muna Al-Jabri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Verbal Knowledge

Objective: Intelligence profile with age and gender differentials analysis and identification of a battery of subscales of intelligence are important for clinical management of ASD problems among children as well as in facilitating placement for remedial and educational services. Hence, this study aims to explore the intelligence quotient (IQ) profile among children with ASD and identify the most important subscales that predict the IQ. Method: The study is based on data collected through an exploratory study of 100 children aged between 3 and 13 years, who were referred to the department of child health and development in a tertiary hospital in Oman between June 2016 - June 2019. Results: Among the participants of this study, 79% were males, resulting in a male: female ratio of 4:1. The mean of full-scale IQ was found to be 68.58±18. The mean of non-verbal IQ (73.5±17.5) was significantly higher than the mean of verbal IQ (65.46±17.6). More than half (61%) of the children were observed to have mild to moderate impairment in IQ level. Conclusion: Age and gender showed no significant association with intelligence level. Regression analysis identified non-verbal fluid reasoning, non-verbal visual-spatial processing, non-verbal working memory and verbal knowledge as the significant predictors of total IQ. The significant dimensions of verbal and non-verbal IQ identified in this study can be used to evaluate difficult cases.   Keywords: Autism, Oman, Intellectual profile, prediction 

scholarly journals The general impact of haploinsufficiency on brain connectivity underlies the pleiotropic effect of neuropsychiatric CNVs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Moreau ◽  
Guillaume Huguet ◽  
Sebastian Urchs ◽  
Elise Douard ◽  
Hanad Sharmarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neutral Effect

AbstractCopy number variants (CNVs) are among the most highly penetrant genetic risk factors for neuropsychiatric disorders. Their impact on brain connectivity remains mostly unstudied. Because they confer risk for overlapping conditions, we hypothesized that they may converge on shared connectivity patterns.We performed connectome-wide analyses using resting-state functional MRI data from 436 carriers of neuropsychiatric CNVs at the 1q21.1, 15q11.2, 16p11.2, 22q11.2 loci, 4 “neutral effect” CNVs, 66 carriers of scarcer neuropsychiatric CNVs, 756 individuals with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and 5,377 controls. Neuropsychiatric CNVs showed global shifts of mean connectivity. The effect size of CNVs on relative connectivity (adjusted for the mean) was correlated with the known level of neuropsychiatric risk conferred by CNVs. Individuals with idiopathic schizophrenia and ASD had similarities in connectivity with neuropsychiatric CNVs. We reported a linear relationship between connectivity and intolerance to haploinsufficiency measured for all genes encompassed by CNVs across 18 loci. This profile involved the thalamus, the basal ganglia, somatomotor and frontoparietal networks and was correlated with lower general intelligence and higher autism severity scores. An exploratory factor analysis confirmed the contribution of these regions to three latent components shared across CNVs and neuropsychiatric disorders.We posit that deleting genes intolerant to haploinsufficiency reorganize connectivity along general dimensions irrespective of where deletions occur in the genome. This haploinsufficiency brain signature opens new avenues to understand polygenicity in psychiatric conditions and the pleiotropic effect of CNVs on cognition and risk for neuropsychiatric disorders.One sentence summaryNeuropsychiatric CNVs across the genome reorganize brain connectivity architecture along dominant patterns contributing to complex idiopathic conditions.

scholarly journals Early Childhood Shigellosis and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Cohort Study with a Prolonged Follow-up

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472094039
Author(s):  
Eugene Merzon ◽  
Yuval Gutbir ◽  
Shlomo Vinker ◽  
Avivit Golan Cohen ◽  
Dana Horwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Health Maintenance Organization ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Shigella Spp

Background: Although the short-term neurological complications of Shigella spp. are well described, potential neuropsychiatric outcomes have not been studied yet. We investigated the association between early childhood shigellosis and subsequent ADHD. Methods: This is a retrospective population-based cohort. Using a large Health Maintenance Organization database, the prevalence of ADHD was investigated among children aged 5–18 years who underwent stool culture prior to the age of 3 years. Results: Of 52,761 children with a stool culture examined, 5,269 (9.98%) had Shigella-positive results. The rate of ADHD was 10.6% and 8.6% among children with Shigella-positive and Shigella-negative stool cultures, respectively ( p < .001). Adjusted odds ratio for ADHD after controlling for gender and socioeconomic status was 1.21 (CI 1.13–1.29, p < .001). The younger the child was during Shigella gastroenteritis, the higher was the association with ADHD ( p < .001). Conclusion: Early childhood shigellosis is associated with an increased rate of long-term ADHD.

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