scholarly journals Querying medical and legal discourses of queer sexes and genders in South Africa

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamar Klein
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Legal Discourses ◽  
And Gender

South Africa is one of the most progressive countries worldwide regarding the rights of people with variations of gender identity and/or sex development. This paper queries medical and legal discourses of queer sex and gender. It takes a look at the medico-legal discourses on people whose identities and/or bodies exist outside of the binary of male and female or transition within this binary in South Africa.

scholarly journals Sekse- en genderdualiteit in discussie. Spreken over mannelijk en vrouwelijk in kerk en theologie

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-158
Author(s):  
D.J. Steensma
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Human Sexuality ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Model ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
And Gender

Speaking about two sexes and two kinds of gender connected with those sexes is the consequence of an ideology that disconnects the gender role and identity from the sex. Gender identity is according to this ideology a choice. The notion of two sexes is a modern invention; premodernity knew of only one sex. The experience of friction between sex and gender identities reinforces uncertainty, as does that of persons who have both male and female sexual characteristics. Some theologians argue in favour of abandoning the binary male-female model of human sexuality. This article argues that contemporary discussions of human sexuality challenge church and theology in the tradition of the Reformation to think through and define their position.

Disability and quality of life in patients with low back pain: Focus on sex and gender: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yen-Mou Lu ◽  
Chung-Hwan Chen ◽  
Yi-Jing Lue
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender

BACKGROUND: Sex and gender affect responses to pain, but little is known about disability and quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of sex and gender on disability and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with low back pain. METHODS: Ninety-three patients with low back pain were included in this cross-sectional survey study. Disability, HRQOL and gender identity were respectively assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index, Short Form-36 and Bem Sex Role Inventory. The participants were classified into four gender role orientations (masculinity, femininity, androgyny and undifferentiated). One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze both the sex and the gender role orientation. RESULTS: Females had higher disability than males (p< 0.05), but in gender identity, no significant difference was found. Seven domains of HRQOL were lower than the healthy norms. Males experienced greater impacts than females on vitality and mental health (p< 0.05). For gender identity, five domains of HRQOL had significant differences (p< 0.05). Masculinity orientation had the least impact on four domains (p< 0.05), while undifferentiated orientation had the largest impact on all domains. CONCLUSION: Sex and gender effects can be used to analyze disability and HRQOL in patients with low back pain. Females have higher disability, while HRQOL is greatly influenced by different gender role orientations.

scholarly journals Can evolutionary thinking shed light on gender diversity?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Wren ◽  
John Launer ◽  
Michael J. Reiss ◽  
Annie Swanepoel ◽  
Graham Music
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
List Type ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Shed Light

SUMMARYIssues of sexual reproduction lie at the core of evolutionary thinking, which often places an emphasis on how individuals attempt to maximise the number of successful offspring that they can produce. At first sight, it may therefore appear that individuals who opt for gender-affirming medical interventions are acting in ways that are evolutionarily disadvantageous. However, there are persuasive hypotheses that might make sense of such choices in evolutionary terms and we explore these here. It is premature to claim knowledge of the extent to which evolutionary arguments can usefully be applied to issues of gender identity, although worth reflecting on the extent to which nature tends towards diversity in matters of sex and gender. The importance of acknowledging and respecting different views in this domain, as well as recognising both the uncertainty and likely multiplicity of causal pathways, has implications for clinicians. We make some suggestions about how clinicians might best respond when faced with requests from patients in this area.LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter reading this article you will be able to:•understand evolutionary arguments about diversity in human gender identity•identify strengths and weaknesses in evolutionary arguments applied to transgender issues•appreciate the range and diversity of gender experience and gender expression among people who present to specialist gender services, as well as the likely complexities of their reasons for requesting medical intervention.

scholarly journals Community attitudes on genetic research of gender identity, sexual orientation, and mental health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor R. Thomas ◽  
Dabney Hofammann ◽  
Brooke G. McKenna ◽  
Anna I.R. van der Miesen ◽  
Mark A. Stokes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Research

ABSTRACTBiological sex is an important factor in mental health, and a non-binary view of how variation in sex and gender influence mental health represents a new research frontier that may yield new insights. The recent acceleration of research into sexual orientation, gender identity, and mental health has generally been conducted without sufficient understanding of the opinions of sexual and gender minorities (SGM) toward this research. We surveyed 768 individuals, with an enrichment of LGBTQ+ stakeholders, for their opinions regarding genetic research of SGM and mental health. We found that the key predictors of attitudes toward genetic research specifically on SGM are 1) general attitudes toward genetic and mental health research 2) tolerance of SGM and associated behaviors 3) non-cisgender stakeholder status and 4) age of the respondent. Non-heterosexual stakeholder status was significantly associated with increased willingness to participate in genetic research if a biological basis for gender identity were discovered. We also found that non-stakeholders with a low tolerance for SGM indicated their SGM views would be positively updated if science showed a biological basis for their behaviors and identities. These findings represent an important first step in understanding and engaging the LGBTQ+ stakeholder community in the context of genetic research.

Gender Identity without Gender Prescriptions

1998 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Janet C. Wesselius
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Feminist Politics ◽  
Emancipatory Politics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
Susan Bordo

The feminist philosopher Susan Bordo suggests that the dilemma of twentieth-century feminism is the tension between a gender identity that both mobilizes a liberatory politics on behalf of women and that results in gender prescriptions which excludes many women. This tension seems especially acute in feminist debates about essentialism/deconstructionism. Concentrating on the shared sex of women may run the risk of embracing an essentialism that ignores the differences among women, whereas emphasizing the constructed natures of sex and gender categories seems to threaten the very project of a feminist politics. I will analyze the possibility of dismantling gender prescriptions while retaining a gender identity that can be the beginning for an emancipatory politics. Perhaps feminists need not rely on a reified essentialism that elides the differences of race, class, etc., if we begin with our social practices of classification rather than with a priori generalizations about the nature of women.

Effects of Pretrial Publicity on Male and Female Jurors and Judges in a Mock Rape Trial

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_part_1) ◽  
pp. 819-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Pretrial Publicity ◽  
Mock Jurors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mode Of Presentation ◽  
Rape Trial ◽  
And Gender

A study explored influence of pretrial publicity and gender identity on verdicts and severity of sentence in a mock rape trial. Mock jurors and judges were exposed to four pretrial publicity conditions before watching a simulated rape trial. After viewing the trial, jurors rendered a verdict (guilty or not guilty) and judges prescribed a sentence. The Bern Sex-role Inventory was used to analyze gender identity and its relation to verdict and sentencing. Verdicts were not influenced by pretrial publicity, but sentencing was more severe following exposure of mock judges to pretrial publicity about a mistaken acquittal and less severe following exposure of these judges to pretrial publicity about a mistaken conviction. Subjects classified by the Bern inventory as feminine or androgynous rendered a verdict of “guilty” more often than subjects classified as masculine or undifferentiated. Men who rendered verdicts of “guilty” had less confidence in their judgments than men who found the defendant “not guilty.” Conversely, women who found the defendant “not guilty” expressed less confidence than women who found the defendant “guilty.” The findings are compared and contrasted with similar studies and discussed in regards to gender identity, subjects’ characteristics, and mode of presentation.

scholarly journals Losing sight of women's rights: the unregulated introduction of gender self-identification as a case study of policy capture in Scotland

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kath Murray ◽  
Lucy Hunter Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Intense Debate ◽  
Roll Out

Within the last two years, respective proposals by the Scottish and UK Governments to reform the Gender Recognition Act 2004 (GRA) to allow people to change their legal sex based only on making a legally-registered self-declaration have sparked an intense debate on how sex and gender identity should be defined in law and policy. This paper examines how gender self-identification had in fact become a feature of Scottish policy-making and practice, long before public consultation on GRA reform began. The analysis is structured as two case-studies that examine firstly, policy development on the census in relation to the ‘sex’ question, and second, Scottish Prison Service policy on transgender prisoners. The analysis shows that the unregulated roll-out of gender self-identification in Scotland has taken place with weak or non-existent scrutiny and a lack of due process, and that this relates to a process of policy capture, whereby decision-making on sex and gender identity issues has been directed towards the interests of a specific interest group, without due regard for other affected groups or the wider population. The paper raises questions about the adequacy of institutional safeguards against well-organised and highly purposeful lobbying, particularly where any groups detrimentally affected do not have effective representation.

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