Effects of Pretrial Publicity on Male and Female Jurors and Judges in a Mock Rape Trial

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_part_1) ◽  
pp. 819-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Pretrial Publicity ◽  
Mock Jurors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mode Of Presentation ◽  
Rape Trial ◽  
And Gender

A study explored influence of pretrial publicity and gender identity on verdicts and severity of sentence in a mock rape trial. Mock jurors and judges were exposed to four pretrial publicity conditions before watching a simulated rape trial. After viewing the trial, jurors rendered a verdict (guilty or not guilty) and judges prescribed a sentence. The Bern Sex-role Inventory was used to analyze gender identity and its relation to verdict and sentencing. Verdicts were not influenced by pretrial publicity, but sentencing was more severe following exposure of mock judges to pretrial publicity about a mistaken acquittal and less severe following exposure of these judges to pretrial publicity about a mistaken conviction. Subjects classified by the Bern inventory as feminine or androgynous rendered a verdict of “guilty” more often than subjects classified as masculine or undifferentiated. Men who rendered verdicts of “guilty” had less confidence in their judgments than men who found the defendant “not guilty.” Conversely, women who found the defendant “not guilty” expressed less confidence than women who found the defendant “guilty.” The findings are compared and contrasted with similar studies and discussed in regards to gender identity, subjects’ characteristics, and mode of presentation.

Sex-Role Identity, Gender Identity, and Self-Schemata

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan K. Hungerford ◽  
Alexandria P. Sobolew-Shubin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Slide Presentation ◽  
Schematic Processing ◽  
Sex Role Identity ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
And Gender

Forty females and 40 males were shown slides of masculine and feminine phrases controlled for social desirability, sex-linked content, syllable length, and negative semantic construction to evaluate schematic processing on the dimensions of masculinity and femininity. Their responses to the phrases were timed. The BSRI, PAQ, and SSRIQ administered subsequent to the slide presentation were used to categorize subjects into groups of masculine, feminine, androgynous, and undifferentiated. Comparisons between the groups evaluated by the different scales indicated that the PAQ was the best predictor of schematic processing and that the SSRIQ and gender were not predictors of schematic processing. Correlations between the SSRIQ and the masculine and feminine scales of the BSRI and PAQ provided evidence partially supportive of Storms's (1979) theory that sex-role identity influences the development of same-sex-typed attributes but does not influence opposite-sex-typed attributes.

scholarly journals DIGITAL DIVIDE: A GENDERED GULF BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE IN INTERNET USAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Ummuhabeeba Chaliyan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Information Society ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This paper quantifies and analyses the issue gender digital divide which has been prominent in discussions of the information society. The phenomena digital divide can in brief be defined as inequality of Internet access. But access alone does not solve anything; the actual problem about digital divide is very complex. While it would be very interesting to explore the relationship between the digital divide and gender identity among the multiple faces of digital divide based on age, job, nation, education etc. Researchers were quick to observe that women tend to be latecomers to the digital age. As a consequence, the new technology was popularly portrayed as a male domain.

scholarly journals Psychology of Male and Female Communicative Activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Vasyura
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Communicative Activity

The article features a brief overview of theoretical and empirical studies in communication psychology and sociability of men and women, boys and girls. Russian and foreign studies are summarized to point out that girls and women place greater emphasis on communication and interpersonal relations than do boys and men. Moreover, female communication is more emotional. The article presents the results of the author's own empirical study of male and female communicative activity. Communicative activity is viewed as a complex psychological phenomenon, a degree of the subject's willingness to interact. Communicative activity was studied with the test proposed by the Russian psychologist, Krupnov, and designed to detect the following components of communicative activity: dynamic (natural), emotional, motivational, cognitive, regulatory, productive, and two sorts of communication difficulties (operational and personal). Gender differences in communicative activity are shown on a sample of 480 participants aged 18-40 (240 men and 240 women). The article then describes communicative styles of adolescents (130 boys and 130 girls, aged 19-24). Various communicative styles are featured, including “energetic, businesslike,” “conformal, emotional,” “diplomatic, externally oriented” for boys and “energetic, sociable,” “emotional, difficult,” and “complaisant, expressive” for girls. Every person's individuality and gender identity are shown to impact their communicative style.

Gender Dysphoria

2018 ◽  
pp. 551-565
Author(s):  
Giovanni Castellini ◽  
Milena Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Perspective ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Important Marker

Gender dysphoria (GD) is defined as the distress that may accompany the incongruence between one’s experienced or expressed gender and one’s assigned gender. Gender membership refers to an individual’s sense of self as male or female, and it is a fundamental component of our general identity, providing a sense of biographical continuity. The GD condition highlights the dichotomy and the contradictions of the post-modern society between anatomical body and gender identity. The psycho-social perspective maintains that the sex category assigned at birth is simply a first guess as to what identity we will later assume. Indeed, male and female are not seen as the only possible gender identities, and they need not to be regarded as mutually exclusive. This interpretation suggests that gender identity may be a more important marker of personhood and self-identity than anatomical sexual identity.

scholarly journals Querying medical and legal discourses of queer sexes and genders in South Africa

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamar Klein
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Legal Discourses ◽  
And Gender

South Africa is one of the most progressive countries worldwide regarding the rights of people with variations of gender identity and/or sex development. This paper queries medical and legal discourses of queer sex and gender. It takes a look at the medico-legal discourses on people whose identities and/or bodies exist outside of the binary of male and female or transition within this binary in South Africa.

Architects: Gender-Role and Hiring Decisions

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Sloan Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Technical Skill ◽  
The State ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Job Level ◽  
And Gender

To examine architects' judgments of male and female applicants represented by the information in resumes, 204 architects, 156 men and 48 women, licensed in the state of Connecticut participated in a 2(job level) by 2(sex) between-subjects study. Architects were asked how they would rate applicants' potential (including the decision to hire) and gender-role characteristics judged on the basis of one-page resumes. Architects randomly assigned resumes for one of four evaluation conditions (intern or senior architect; male or female), rated the applicant on seven job-related characteristics, e.g., technical skill, potential for advancement, and completed the Bern Sex-role Inventory as they thought items applied to the applicant. Analysis indicated that male architect respondents were more likely to hire male applicants than female applicants as senior architects and that female applicants were judged to be as masculine-typed as were male applicants.

A Reflexative Analysis of Questions for Women Entering the IT Workforce

2011 ◽  
pp. 1075-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Pegher ◽  
Jeria L. Quesenberry ◽  
Eileen M. Trauth
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
It Workforce ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Reflexive Analysis

There are many resources available for young college graduates entering the workforce. Colleges and universities have entire departments and buildings dedicated to the process of moving students into the “real world.” Questions such as “what should my salary be?” “which firm is rated the best in the country?” and “how do I fit into the corporate environment?” are typically asked by both male and female students and are answered by the staff. Yet given that business is generally a male dominated field, questions such as “have you encountered a glass ceiling in your career?” are less likely to be answered with the whole truth. Hence, this article seeks to answer some of the questions that women may have upon entering the information technology (IT) workforce. As a woman who is graduating from college and preparing to enter the IT workforce, I1 constantly ask myself questions about what it means to be a minority in a male dominated industry. In order to be prepared for my future career, I synthesized my questions into three central issues of coping strategies, social networking and gender identity: 1. Coping Strategies: How do women cope with being minority, and what do women do when treated unfairly because of their gender? 2. Social Networking: When should social networking begin, and how does a woman form a personal network? 3. Gender Identity: Do women have to display more masculine traits to get ahead in the IT workforce, and does business attire matter? These questions are of importance because they are typical of the kinds of questions that a woman entering the IT field may have. Hence, the purpose of this article is to address these questions through a reflexive analysis in order to better prepare myself and others for careers in the IT workforce.2

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document