scholarly journals The The Industrial Colony of Belišće

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Volner
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Communist Government

Gutmann’s company became involved with industrial wood processing in the mid-19th century, due to the demand for railroad ties for the purpose of building a railway network in the post-revolutionary Habsburg Monarchy. In the wood processing business, the company would hold its steady place word for almost a century, until the Ustasha regime and then the Communist government put an end to its tradition. Its fate was finally sealed in 1946 by the District People’s Court in Zagreb. Belišće was founded in 1884 and within a few years acquired the form of an industrial settlement with factory facilities, warehouses, administrative buildings, cultural centres, and typical apartment buildings. By the end of the interwar period, Belišće had the population of a smaller urban settlement, with a post office serving a number of surrounding villages, factories, a port on the river Drava, and a railway network as a starting point in connecting Slavonia-Podravina with the foot of Mount Papuk in Voćin.Gutmann’s industrial plants, infrastructure and workers were the backbone of a successful family business, which consequently built the township of Belišće.

scholarly journals O granicach i przepaściach: dyskurs o górach i separacji na terenach objętych konfliktem etnicznym

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 248-265
Author(s):  
Michael Wedekind
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Masses

ON BOUNDARIES AND GAPS: DISCOURSES ON MOUNTAINS AND SEPARATION IN AREAS AFFECTED BY ETHNIC CONFLICTThe author examines the reasons behind the political instrumentalisation and ethnicisation of tourism as a private social practice, allegedly far removed from politics. Using the example of the Austrian Alpine Region specifically, the Duchy of Tyrol during the late Habsburg Monarchy, he demonstrates that this political sphere of action was a promising starting point for the nationalisation of the masses of the masses, especially wherever national circles of various communities had no access to the state apparatus and to classic socialisation organs and, therefore, had to resort to auxiliary measures to socialise nationality. In addition to issuing calls to visit areas close to linguistic and national borders and projecting ethnic partly racial models of segmentation and exclusion, tourism was used as ground for the building of national identity, for strategies of social integration and mobilisation, for establishing new mental maps and links of loyalty.

scholarly journals Vojvodina - a region based on the Serbian ethnicity and its denial

2012 ◽  
pp. 259-273
Author(s):  
Drago Njegovan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
World War ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
The Right

The issue of regionalism and the autonomy of certain areas is mainly related to the ethnic composition of the population. The idea of the autonomy of Vojvodina as a Serbian region in the Habsburg Monarchy was created back in 1690. It came into being 150 years later by the decision of the 1848 May Assembly. In a significantly different form, it lasted ten years as the Serbian Voivodship and Temisvar (Timisoara) Banat. In the next fifty years, a autonomous Serbian Vojvodina was just a dream. At the end of World War I the areas of Vojvodina, on the basis of the right to self-determination, entered the Kingdom of Serbia and thus became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, i.e. Yugoslavia. The idea of the autonomy of Vojvodina was then discarded. Some liberal politicians, supported by the Croats, tried to restore it in the interwar period but this option did not receive any support of voters at the elections. The illegal Communist Party politically promoted the idea of the autonomy of Vojvodina in a federalized Yugoslavia, which was achieved during World War II. At the end of the war, the autonomous Vojvodina remained part of Serbia, and according to the 1974 Constitution, it became a part of federal Yugoslavia. During the disintegration of Yugoslavia, the autonomy of Vojvodina within Serbia was preserved but recently, after the so-called democratic changes of 2000, domestic and foreign (EU and NATO) political engagement in Serbia has been more directed towards the greater autonomy of Vojvodina, and even its separation from Serbia, despite the two-thirds Serbian majority living in the Province.

scholarly journals Von Grenzen und Abgründen: Berg- und Abgrenzungsdiskurse in ethnischen Konflikträumen

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 221-247
Author(s):  
Michael Wedekind
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Masses

ON BOUNDARIES AND GAPS: DISCOURSES ON MOUNTAINS ANS SEPARATION IN AREAS AFFECTED BY ETHNIC CONFLICTThe author examines the reasons behind the political instrumentalisation and ethnicisation of tourism as a private social practice, allegedly far removed from politics. Using the example of the Austrian Alpine Region specifically, the Duchy of Tyrol during the late Habsburg Monarchy, he demonstrates that this political sphere of action was a promising starting point for the nationalisation of the masses of the masses, especially wherever national circles of various communities had no access to the state apparatus and to classic socialisation organs and, therefore, had to resort to auxiliary measures to socialise nationality. In addition to issuing calls to visit areas close to linguistic and national borders and projecting ethnic partly racial models of segmentation and exclusion, tourism was used as ground for the building of national identity, for strategies of social integration and mobilisation, for establishing new mental maps and links of loyalty.

Financial Integration in Late Nineteenth-Century Austria

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 890-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Good
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The U.S

The process of financial integration has been charted in several studies of the late nineteenth-century U.S. economy but lacks comparable documentation in a European case. This gap is filled through an examination of interregional interest rate trends in the pre-World War I Austrian economy. The Austrian data show a marked trend toward rate convergence beginning in the 1870s. These results are significant for the U.S. case and for the long standing debate on the economic viability of the Habsburg Monarchy before World War I and of the successor states in the interwar period.

Monimost - Integrated SHM System for Railway Truss Bridges

2012 ◽  
Vol 518 ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Sala ◽  
P. Pawłowski ◽  
Przemysław Kołakowski ◽  
Andrzej Świercz ◽  
Krzysztof Sekuła
Keyword(s):  
Integrated System ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Truss Bridges ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Analysis Center ◽  
Piezoelectric Strain ◽  
Good Starting Point

A railway bridge has been the object of investigation since mid 2007 as a response to increasing interest in structural health monitoring (SHM) from Polish Railways. It is a typical 40 m long, steel truss structure spanning a channel in Nieporet near Warsaw. There is over 1500 similar bridges in the railway network in Poland. The integrated system consists of two components weigh in motion (WIM) part for identification of train load and SHM part for assessing the state of the bridge. Two aspects of wireless transmission are considered short range (in the vicinity of the bridge, 2.4GHz) and far range (from the bridge to the data analysis center, GSM). The system is designed to be energetically self-sufficient, batteries are recharged by solar panels. Both the subsystems use piezoelectric strain sensors. Numerical model of the bridge corresponds well to the experimental data and provides a good starting point for considering different scenarios of simulated damage in the structure.

scholarly journals Uwagi o istocie przestępstwa o charakterze terrorystycznym i jego karaniu. Część II

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 13-27
Author(s):  
Rajnhardt Kokot
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Normative Perception ◽  
Post War

Remarks on the essence of a terrorist crime and penalty for it. Part IIThe paper is an attempt to draw attention to some of the most important aspects of the problem of terrorist crimes, a problem that is complex both in criminological sense and in terms of the legal dogma. The starting point for the reflections in Part I of the article is a historical analysis of the origins and evolution of the dogmatic and normative perception of and approach to the concept of terrorist crime — beginning with the legislation of the interwar period, through post-war provisions and ending with the regulations of the 1969 Criminal Code. The Central question of this part is an analysis of the normative form of the terrorist crime construct under Article 115 § 20 of the Criminal Code, its legal nature as well as consequences of the application of the analysed norms. The reflection of Part II of the paper encompasses issues concerning the consequences of a terrorist crime in terms of statutory and judicial penalties as well as other penal measures. In this part the author analyses, in particular, the question of extraordinary enhancement of punishment for terrorist crimes, including doubts that can be aroused in practice by the regulations concerning punishment progression applied to terrorists as well as the possibility and rules of applying other measures having an impact on the legal situation of the perpetrators of terrorist crimes.

scholarly journals Uwagi o istocie przestępstwa o charakterze terrorystycznym i jego karaniu. Część I

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Rajnhardt Kokot
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Normative Perception ◽  
Post War ◽  
Legal Sense

Remarks on the essence of a terrorist crime and penalty for it. Part IThe study attempts to draw attention to some, the most important complex threads — both in the criminological and the dogmatic legal sense — problems of crime of terrorist character. The starting point of considerations conducted in part I of the article is the historical analysis referring to genesis and evolution of dogmatic and normative perception and understanding of the concept of terrorist offense — from the legislation of the interwar period through post-war regulations, until the regulation of the Penal Code of 1969. The central thread of this part of the study is the analysis of the normative shape of a terrorist offense construction in terms of art. 115 § 20 of the Penal Code, legal nature of this institution as well as the consequences at the level of application of the discussed regulations. Considerations taken in part II of the study cover issues regarding the consequences of committing a crime of a terrorist character in the sphere of statutory and judicial punishment and other penal measures. In this part of the analysis, the issue of extraordinary tightening of punishment was subjected in particular to a terrorist crime including doubts that in practice the provisions relating to the rule of progression of punishment of terrorists can cause, as well as the possibility and rules of using other institutions shaping the legal situation of the perpetrator of a terrorist offense.

Recepcja niemieckiej pedagogiki kultury w polskiej humanistyce

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4 (254) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Mirosław S. Szymański
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Critical Pedagogy ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Cultural Pedagogy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
German Education

The starting point for the discussion is the obvious statement that cultural pedagogy is one of the three main currents in German education sciences; the other two are empirical and critical pedagogy. As the title suggests, the author focuses on cultural pedagogy only, and in particular on the reception of German cultural pedagogy by Polish cultural pedagogy during the interwar period. One can definitely say that German Geisteswissenschaften, or “the sciences of spirit” (including pedagogy) influenced Polish humanities. The main thesis of the article is that although the geisteswissenschaftliche Pädagogik had an overwhelming influence on pedagogical thinking and actions in Poland before World War II, it became considerably marginalised or almost totally forgotten after the war, as it was proclaimed a “bourgeois relic” and an “old fashioned trinket”. Theodor Litt (1880–1962) and Eduard Spranger (1882–1963) are commonly considered the leading representatives of German cultural pedagogy, and their Polish counterparts are Bogdan Nawroczyński (1882–1974) and Bogdan Suchodolski (1902–1993). The article refers to original source literature – although in brief – to discuss the influence of the educational concepts of the former group on the latter one. By proposing such analysis, the author hopes for fair and critical restructuring of cultural pedagogy in Poland, if not for its revitalisation. The first signs are already there.

Western Ukraine in the Interwar period

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Paul Himka
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century

The concept of “Western Ukraine” is not entirely a static one. As a valid unit of historical analysis it first appears in the late eighteenth century, when the Habsburg monarchy added Galicia (1772) and Bukovina (occupied 1774, annexed 1787) to its collection of territories; already part of the collection was the Ukrainian-inhabited region of Transcarpathia (depending on how one counts, it had been Habsburg since as early as 1526 or as late as the early eighteenth century). Of course, one can also read back certain features unifying Western Ukraine prior to the 1770s, such as the culturally formative influence on all three regions of the medieval Rus’ principality, later kingdom, of Galicia and Volhynia, as well as the presence of the Carpathian mountains, which was much more than a matter of mere geology (hence the Russophiles’ preferred name for Western Ukraine—Carpathian Rus'). Still, in the centuries prior to their incorporation into the Habsburg monarchy, the three regions had experienced such disparate political histories—Galicia as part of Poland, Bukovina of Moldavia, and Transcarpathia of Hungary—that there is little validity in treating them then as a historical unit.

scholarly journals SOCIAL AND SPIRITUAL ASPECTS OF THE ROMANIAN VILLAGE INTERWAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Dănuț SOARE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Secondary Teachers ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social

Sociological research during the interwar period was meant to be a way through which the country could be known better, in other words, to make the Romanian realities better known, especially through monographic research, initiated by sociologist D. Gusti, considered to be the starting point of the Romanian Sociological School. After the achievement of the national ideal through the Great Union of 1918, a new ideal was necessary, that could complete the former. The nation was in the process of finding itself. The social problems of the country would be understood by knowing the country. All the enthusiastic forces were called forth to help to raise awareness of the nation, which were to become part of the monographic research teams: school teachers, priests, secondary teachers and professors, doctors, agronomists, mayors and praetors, members of the community centres, and even “the superior religious and civil rulers of the Nation, cultivating an Ethics and a Politics of Truth.” This study presents some aspects of the activity of the Community Centres in the rural area, the presence of the Royal Student Teams and the compulsoriness of the Social Service in the villages.

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