scholarly journals The Relationship between Health Outcomes and Household Socio-Economics Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6A) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Steven Henry Dunga
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Model ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Demand Structure ◽  
The Relationship

The economic circumstance of a household is in most cases linked to the varied situations a household may find itself income is to a greater extent linked to the housing and food that a household is exposed to. Income among other socio-economic factors may also affect the demand structure of the household in terms of what the household may consider necessary or not. The level of household demand for health services and its preventive level may also be associated with other household characteristics especially those associated with the head of the household. This paper analysed the relationship between the morbidity rate in a household and the household characteristics and the characteristics of the head of household. The paper uses data collected in the South African general household survey published in 2017 conducted by Statistics South Africa. Based on a sample of 21601 households, the study employs a multinomial logistic model with the level of morbidity rate categorised into a high level, mild, and low. The results of the empirical analysis show that Household size, the gender of head of household, housing insecurity status age of head of household and income were significant determinants of morbidity rate at the household level. The contribution of the paper is therefore a proposal for preventive mitigation as opposed to treatment which tends to be more expensive on government. The fact that housing insecurity is a competing need with health demand calls for better alignment in terms of government, provision of health services in South Africa. This paper is motivated by the initiative of the introduction of a national health Insurance (NHI) is South Africa.

scholarly journals The relationship between household income and educational level. (south Darfur rural areas-Sudan) statistical study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofian A. A. Saadv ◽  
Amin Adam
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
High Level ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The main aim of this paper is to find out the relationship between the household level of income and the level of education for the household being lived in southern Darfur state (Sudan) since they were seriously affected by the war conflict and lost most of their income sources. One-way Analyses of Variance (ANOVA) have been used to asses this relation where the independent variable and dependent variables are categorical and continuous respectively. Data gathered from Household survey (HHS) is analyzed. The results indicate the existence of relationship between certain education groups and the level of income, mainly high level of education comparing with the low level.</p>

scholarly journals The Effect of Farmer-Pastoralist Violence on Income: New Survey Evidence from Nigeria’s Middle Belt States

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Topher L. McDougal ◽  
Talia Hagerty ◽  
Lisa Inks ◽  
Claire-Lorentz Ugo-Ike ◽  
Caitriona Dowd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Relationship

This study estimates the relationship between violent conflict and household income in four states of Nigeria’s Middle Belt region (Benue, Kaduna, Nasarawa, and Plateau) where farmers and pastoralists routinely clash over access to farmland, grazing areas, stock routes, and water points for animals and households. Although relatively low in intensity, this form of violence is widespread, persistent, and arguably increasing in its incidence. We obtained data on income and household-level violence exposure from an original household survey administered in September 2014. Employing a negative binomial instrumental variables model, we find an inverse relation between violence and household incomes. Incomes could be increased by between 64 to 210 percent of current levels if violence related to farmer-pastoralist conflict in the four study states were reduced to near-zero. Cumulatively, we find that forgone income represents 10.2 percent of the combined official state domestic product in the study area. This is high when compared to the costs of conflict measured in other studies, even as our study takes account only of microeconomic costs. After incorporating an estimate of the size of the informal economy, the microeconomic cost of farmer-pastoralist conflict to the total economy is approximately 2.9 percent. [JEL codes: C36, D74, J17]

Who benefits from health services in South Africa?

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ele-Ojo Ataguba ◽  
Di McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health System ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Public And Private Sector

AbstractSouth Africa is considering major health service restructuring to move towards a universal system. This calls for understanding the challenges in the existing health system. The paper, therefore, comprehensively evaluates an aspect of current health system performance – the benefit incidence of health services. It seeks to understand how the benefits from using health services in South Africa are currently distributed across socio-economic groups. Using a nationally representative household survey, results show that lower socio-economic groups benefit less than their richer counterparts from both public and private sector health services, and that the distribution of service benefits is not in line with their need for care.

scholarly journals Evidence of the existence of socioeconomic-related inequality South African diets: A quantitative analysis of the 2017 General Household Survey.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coretta Maame Panyin Jonah ◽  
Julian Douglas May
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradient ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Rich

Introduction: In South Africa, high levels of chronic undernutrition, especially in children, coexists with increasing rates of obesity and overweight.  The quality of diets is often presented as a possible reason for these high levels of malnutrition.  Together the increasing cost of food, high levels of poverty and inequality mean many households are unable to consume a diverse diet. Methods: We use cross-sectional data from the 2017 General Household Surveys and inequality analysis to study differences in dietary intake at the household level in South Africa. We measure socioeconomic status (SES) using income and a relative asset index.  The dietary intake is based on the consumption of ten food groups.  Results: We demonstrate the existence of a consistent pro-rich socioeconomic gradient in food consumption in South Africa, irrespective of the measure of SES used and for all population categories examined. Consumption of grains and sweets is generally high in the country for all socioeconomic groups.  Our findings suggest that households in the low SES group reported having a lower consumption of fruits, vegetables and meats; while households with a high SES reported consuming more vegetables, meat, fruits and legumes. Inequality in both diversity and frequency of consuming all categories of food generally favours the rich. Conclusion: Dietary intake amongst households in higher SES groups tended to be closer to national and global recommendations.  Government efforts need to be focused on all social and economic sectors to ensure all South Africans have access to healthy and nutritious diets, especially children.

Middle and Below Living Standards: What Can We Learn from Beyond Income Measures of Economic Well-being?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marii Paskov ◽  
Joan E. Madia ◽  
Tim Goedemé
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Well Being

This chapter complements the income-based measures of living standards on which earlier chapters have focused by incorporating non-income dimensions of economic well-being into its analysis, including indicators of material deprivation, economic burdens, and financial stress. It analyses how working-age households around and below the middle of the income distribution fared in European countries in the years before, during, and after the Great Recession. Harmonized household-level data across the members of the EU are analysed to see whether the evolution of these various non-income measures present a similar or different picture to household incomes over time. To probe what lies behind the patterns this reveals, four quite different countries are then examined in greater depth. Finally, the chapter also explores the relationship between material deprivation for households around and below the middle and overall income inequality.

scholarly journals HIV and cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa: Demographic and Health Survey data for 4 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard E. Egede ◽  
Rebekah J. Walker ◽  
Patricia Monroe ◽  
Joni S. Williams ◽  
Jennifer A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Investigate the relationship between two common cardiovascular diseases and HIV in adults living in sub-Saharan Africa using population data provided through the Demographic and Health Survey. Methods Data for four sub-Saharan countries were used. All adults asked questions regarding diagnosis of HIV, diabetes, and hypertension were included in the sample totaling 5356 in Lesotho, 3294 in Namibia, 9917 in Senegal, and 1051 in South Africa. Logistic models were run for each country separately, with self-reported diabetes as the first outcome and self-reported hypertension as the second outcome and HIV status as the primary independent variable. Models were adjusted for age, gender, rural/urban residence and BMI. Complex survey design allowed weighting to the population. Results Prevalence of self-reported diabetes ranged from 3.8% in Namibia to 0.5% in Senegal. Prevalence of self-reported hypertension ranged from 22.9% in Namibia to 0.6% in Senegal. In unadjusted models, individuals with HIV in Lesotho were 2 times more likely to have self-reported diabetes (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.08–3.73), however the relationship lost significance after adjustment. Individuals with HIV were less likely to have self-reported diabetes after adjustment in Namibia (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.12–0.72) and less likely to have self-reported hypertension after adjustment in Lesotho (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.47–0.83). Relationships were not significant for Senegal or South Africa. Discussion HIV did not serve as a risk factor for self-reported cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa during the years included in this study. However, given the growing prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in the region, and the high prevalence of undiagnosed cardiovascular disease, it will be important to continue to track and monitor cardiovascular disease at the population level and in individuals with and without HIV. Conclusions The odds of self-reported diabetes in individuals with HIV was high in Lesotho and low in Namibia, while the odds of self-reported hypertension in individuals with HIV was low across all 4 countries included in this study. Programs are needed to target individuals that need to manage multiple diseases at once and should consider increasing access to cardiovascular disease management programs for older adults, individuals with high BMI, women, and those living in urban settings.

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