scholarly journals Measuring the Impact of West Bengal Drinking Water Sector Improvement Project: A Baseline Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniceto C. Orbeta ◽  
Neeta Pokhrel ◽  
Saswati Ghosh Belliappa ◽  
Saugata Dasgupta ◽  
Arati Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North And South

Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental right of people. The West Bengal Drinking Water Sector Improvement Project is assisting the Government of West Bengal to provide safe, sustainable, and inclusive drinking water services to over 1.65 million people in the arsenic, fluoride, and salinity-affected areas of Bankura, North and South 24 Parganas, and Purba Medinipur districts. This publication sets the baseline of the project by providing the benchmark comparison of primary outcomes for the project and non-project households, before implementation, so that an impact evaluation can be carried out at project completion.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of the Government and NGOs in Delivering Quality Services for the Rural People of Pakistan: Community Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 203-225
Author(s):  
Mohsin Khan ◽  
Jetnor Kasmi ◽  
Abdul Saboor ◽  
Iftikhar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Often the government and the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are criticised for their poor performances in delivering services particularly in rural areas. However, there has been limited research on the assessment of their relative performances in service delivery as well as on the perceptions of people on the quality of such service delivery. This study examines the relative performances of NGOs and the governmental development interventions that provide basic services including public health, education, drinking water and sanitation. The study explains the impact of agricultural extension services and infrastructure such as access to roads and markets on the rural people and measures the satisfaction level of the rural community. For this purpose, 225 households (HHs) in 8 villages of Phalia Tehsil, district Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab, Pakistan were first surveyed in 2010 and then in 2014 using a structured questionnaire. The findings reveal different satisfaction levels of HHs, with most of them expressing less satisfaction on government service delivery compared with NGOs. They reveal satisfaction over the performance of NGOs in health, drinking water supplies and agriculture extension services. Further, the study shows an increasing satisfaction of people on access to road, transport, agri-market and price of agri-commodities by the government.

scholarly journals The Right to Water Before Investment Tribunals

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ursula Kriebaum
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical Access ◽  
Maritime Environment

Access to safe drinking water and potential water degradation have played a role in many water-related investment arbitrations. This paper looks at two different types of investment cases that have emerged with an impact on water: First, it analyses cases that have arisen from privatizations in the water sector. They mainly concern problems connected with physical access to water and affordability. Second, it discusses cases concerning investments in other industries that have the potential to degrade water quality or to have a negative impact on the maritime environment. Using these typical constellations it focuses on the methodology tribunals adopt to deal with potential tensions between the right to water and investor rights.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling the Impact Evaluation of Lockdown on Infection Dynamics of COVID-19 in Italy.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniyar Yergesh ◽  
Shirali Kadyrov ◽  
Hayot Saydaliev ◽  
Alibek Orynbassar
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Small Wave ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), the cause of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), within months of emergence from Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread, exacting a devastating human toll across around the world reaching the pandemic stage at the the beginning of March 2020. Thus, COVID-19s daily increasing cases and deaths have led to worldwide lockdown, quarantine and some restrictions. Covid-19 epidemic in Italy started as a small wave of 2 infected cases on January 31. It was followed by a bigger wave mainly from local transmissions reported in 6387 cases on March 8. It caused the government to impose a lockdown on 8 March to the whole country as a way to suppress the pandemic. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the lockdown and awareness dynamics on infection in Italy over the period of January 31 to July 17 and how the impact varies across different lockdown scenarios in both periods before and after implementation of the lockdown policy. The findings SEIR reveal that implementation lockdown has minimised the social distancing flattening the curve. The infections associated with COVID-19 decreases with quarantine initially then easing lockdown will not cause further increasing transmission until a certain period which is explained by public high awareness. Completely removing lockdown may lead to sharp transmission second wave. Policy implementation and limitation of the study were evaluated at the end of the paper. Keywords COVID-19 - Lockdown - Epidemic model - SEIR - Awareness - Dynamical systems.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Intestinal Infection, and Safe Drinking Water Among Children with Anemia in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M Westgard ◽  
Luis A. Orrego-Ferreyros ◽  
Liz Franco Calderón ◽  
Alexandra M. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Anemia is a major public health concern that is present in 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru was 43.6% in 2017, a decrease by only 6.8% in 8 years. Despite great efforts made by the government to reduce anemia by distributing free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods, progress has been slow. The current study sought to better understand the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru to help explain why the prevalence remains high. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water. RESULTS The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53.2%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient micronutrients to meet the recommendation for their age was 51.9%. Of the children with anemia, 45.1% consumed sufficient micronutrients to meet their recommendation, vs. 54.9% of children without anemia (p<0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection in the last year (35% vs. 26%, p=0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (23% vs. 14%, p=0.02) than those without anemia.. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR=1.59, CI 95% [1.01-2.49]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR=0.56, [0.32-0.96]), while controlling for the consumption of sufficient iron. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient micronutrients to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, and a lack of access to safe drinking water.

scholarly journals Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in West Bengal: Current Scenario, Effects and Probable Ways of Mitigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanmoy Kumar Dey ◽  
Priya Banerjee ◽  
Madhurima Bakshi ◽  
Abhirupa Kar ◽  
Somdeep Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
The Past ◽  
Groundwater Arsenic ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Mind Set

During the past two decades, Arsenic (As) contamination via groundwater has become a serious issue worldwide and is now a major concern in the Indo-Bangladesh Gangetic delta. Arsenic enters human body through contaminated groundwater consumed as drinking water. Food safety in this region is also facing severe consequences as bio-accumulation of Arsenic is occurring in food crops irrigated with As-contaminated water. Chronic exposure to Arsenic can cause not only cancerous and non-cancer health effects. Reports suggest that about 20 % population in West Bengal is highly affected. Various techniques are being introduced to provide arsenic-free drinking water at an affordable cost. But a rigorous change in habit and mind set for procuring safe drinking water in those surviving in As-contaminated zones is the most essential step towards curbing the fatal consequences of As exposure. Harvesting rain water and utilization of proper purification techniques can be considered a possible alternative of safe drinking water.

scholarly journals Household attitudes and knowledge on drinking water enhance water hazards in peri-urban communities in Western Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimongu J. Kioko ◽  
John F. Obiri
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Storage

Ensuring safe drinking water remains a big challenge in developing countries where waterborne diseases cause havoc in many communities. A major challenge is limited knowledge, misinformation and attitudes that work against ensuring that drinking water is safe. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and practices of peri-urban households in Kakamega Town of Western Kenya, concerning the collection, treatment and storage of drinking water. Alongside this we examined the role of solid waste disposal in water safety. Three hundred and seventy eight households from four residential regions of varying economic levels were randomly sampled in Kakamega Town. Data was collected via questionnaire interviews that incorporated attitude questions based on a Likert scale of 1−5, and administered to the households and key informants. The results showed most respondents were knowledgeable about ideal methods of water collection, treatment and storage. However, they did not practise them appropriately. Some attitudes among the respondents worked against the ideals of achieving safe drinking water. For instance, many households perceived their drinking water source as safe and did not treat it, even when obtained from open sources like rivers. Further, they preferred to store drinking water in clay pots, because the pots kept the water cold, rather than use the narrow-necked containers that limit exposure to contaminants. Also, hand washing with soap was not practised enough in their daily lives to avoid contact with waterborne hazards. We recommend that the government undertake training programmes on drinking water safety that advocate appropriate water use, hygiene and sanitation strategies.

scholarly journals Inequitable allocation of deep community wells for reducing arsenic exposure in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Geen ◽  
K. M. Ahmed ◽  
E. B. Ahmed ◽  
I. Choudhury ◽  
M. R. Mozumder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Shallow Wells ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Private Wells

Community wells that extend deeper than most private wells are crucial for reducing exposure to groundwater arsenic (As) in rural Bangladesh. This study evaluates the impact on access to safe drinking water of 915 such intermediate (90–150 m) and deep (&gt;150 m) wells across a 180 km2 area where a total of 48,790 tubewells were tested with field kits in 2012–13. Half the shallow private wells meet the Bangladesh standard of 50 μg/L for As in drinking water, whereas 92% of the intermediate and deep wells meet the more restrictive World Health Organization guideline for As in drinking water of 10 μg/L. As a proxy for water access, distance calculations show that 29% of shallow wells with &gt;50 μg/L As are located within walking distance (100 m) of at least one of the 915 intermediate or deep wells. Similar calculations for a hypothetical more even distribution of deep wells show that 74% of shallow wells with &gt;50 μg/L As could have been located within 100 m of the same number of deep wells. These observations and well-usage data suggest that community wells in Araihazar, and probably elsewhere in Bangladesh, were not optimally allocated by the government because of elite capture.

scholarly journals Willingness to pay for improved water supply in rural areas of tamilnadu: an econometric analysis using tobit model

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
DHANASEKARAN K ◽  
GANESAN R
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Resource Mobilization ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
The Government

Provision of high quality and sustainable drinking water services for all the citizens, particularly the rural poor, is critical to enhance the economic productivity of any nation. Supply of safe and quality drinking water to the rural community remains a significant issue in the governance in India. It has been estimated that to provide safe drinking water to all rural habitations in the country with minimum satisfactory level of service would require a further investment of about Rs.450 billion. In view of increasing constraints, it would be a difficult task for the Government alone to mobilize such huge investment single handedly. Therefore, aproductive and pro-active involvement of user community and other stakeholders in resource mobilization and community participation in the implementation as well as the operation and maintenance of the system has become imperative. To translate the above strategy into practice, it requires massive efforts to transform the prevailing mindset of the major partners – the users, community, local Government, Government agencies, NGO’s etc. When users are involved in operation and maintenance of the systems, they are likely to be willing to pay forit.

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