THE UTILIZATION OF EU FUNDS IN THE YEARS 2007–2015 FOR THE PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OF RURAL AREAS IN EASTERN POLAND

The article presents the problems of financing cultural heritage of rural areas from the European Union funds in the macroregion of Eastern Poland. It outlines the scale and structure of the use of the EU funds for projects relating to the protection and promotion of cultural heritage. It also describes the scale of regional differentiation in the field of the use of European Funds for the protection of cultural heritage in rural areas. The temporal range of the study included the years from 2007 to 2015. The analysis was conducted across the six types of projects distinguished according to their subject matter, that is to say the promotion of natural values, protection and valorization of natural heritage, other forms of support for the enhancement of tourism services, protection and preservation of cultural heritage, development of cultural infrastructure, other forms of support for the improvement of cultural services, as well as integrated projects for the revitalization of urban and rural areas. The analysis focused on four types of areas: rural areas, towns with county rights, voivodship towns and the area of the voivodship. The information used in this study was based on the data pertaining to the projects co-financed from the EU funds and stored in the National Information System (KSI SIMIK 07-13) as of 31 December 2016.

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Tobacco industry compliance with the EU track and tracing system in Lithuania

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056992 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056992

Author(s):

Vaida Liutkute-Gumarov ◽

Hana Ross

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Tobacco Industry ◽

Transitional Period ◽

The European Union ◽

Unique Identifier ◽

Full Implementation ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Cigarette Packs ◽

T System ◽

The Eu

BackgroundThe European Union (EU)-wide tobacco tracking and tracing system (T&T system) became operational on 20 May 2019, allowing a transitional period and gradual installation of the system until May 2020. This study attempts to assess the EU T&T system using a sample of discarded cigarette packs collected in Lithuania.MethodsThe empty pack survey was conducted between September 2019 and September 2020, covering both the transitional period and the period of full implementation. The study employed a two-stage cluster design by first randomly selecting 65 well-defined population clusters (30 cities and 35 towns) representing both urban and rural areas in all 10 counties in Lithuania. Second, we randomly selected 358 polling districts (routes) in each cluster.ResultsThe fieldworkers walked at least 1074 km and collected 5727 discarded empty cigarette packs. None of the packs found during the EU T&T transitional period had a unique identifier (UI). After the full implementation of the EU T&T system, 32.0% of the collected packs were still without a UI. 5.8% of licit packs were without a UI after the May 2020 deadline. Most of the legal non-compliant packs (131, or 69.7%) were intended for the Lithuanian market. Close to 85% of packs that had duty-free markings were non-compliant.ConclusionThe tobacco industry most likely disregarded the EU T&T transitional period as no packs with UIs were found up until the full implementation. Packs without UIs were still found 4 months after the full implementation of the EU T&T system.

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Reflections of the Funds Distributed Under the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance for Rural Development (IPARD) Program on Çanakkale

10.4018/978-1-7998-8486-6.ch013 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 249-265

Author(s):

İbrahim Tanju Akyol

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Rural Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Financial Assistance ◽

Candidate Country ◽

The European Union ◽

The Eu

The European Union (EU) provides financial assistance to the countries that are the current candidates and the potential candidates for the development of rural areas. These countries are supported by rural development (RD), one of the five components of the instrument for pre-accession assistance (IPA). Turkey is also a candidate country to benefit from the financial assistance provided by the EU. This research aims to reveal the situation of the projects carried out with IPARD in Çanakkale province within the country. As a matter of fact, Çanakkale takes place at the lower ranks in terms of the number of projects and the number of grants. Despite its potential, the reasons for not achieving the desired results in this province are the lack of qualified consultants, insufficient access to beneficiaries, and problems in licensing of lands. This research, thus, has also put forward various solution suggestions in order to minimize these problems.

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Agricultural Holdings in Hilly-Mountain Areas in Slovenia before and after the Accession to the European Union

Eastern European Countryside ◽

10.1515/eec-2015-0002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 19-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kristina Knific ◽

Štefan Bojnec

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Structural Changes ◽

The European Union ◽

Income Diversification ◽

Mountain Areas ◽

Agricultural Employment ◽

Before And After ◽

The Eu

Abstract This paper presents the questionnaire results of the research on implications of the effects of Slovenia’s accession to the European Union (EU) on structural changes in agricultural holdings (AHs) in the case of Škofjeloška hilly-mountain rural areas. The effects are studied based on the analysis of income diversification of AHs three years before the Slovenian accession to the EU in 2000 and six years after the Slovenian accession to the EU in 2010. Strategies of AHs on the basis of the questionnaire were analysed in early 2011. Income diversification of AHs with non-agricultural employment and off-farm incomes is necessary for survival for the majority of AHs. There are observed differences in structural changes in the AHs between areas with different natural conditions for agricultural production, and particularly in the extent and in the direction of structural changes by socioeconomic types of AHs. Structural changes inhibit non-economic objectives of AHs, while non-agricultural employment has a two-way influence.

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Agricultural Entrepreneurship Motivation Policies: European Union Experience and Decision Theory Application

International Journal of Rural Management ◽

10.1177/0973005219834739 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 97-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Natalia Dobryagina

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Decision Theory ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Early Retirement ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

The European Union ◽

Theory Application ◽

Eu Policies ◽

Agricultural Entrepreneurship ◽

The Eu

The European Union (EU) policies devoted to entrepreneurship in agricultural motivation represent a wide spectrum of methods and approaches. However, lack of attention to the differences between different types of entrepreneurs might decrease the entrepreneurship motivation policies’ effectiveness. Applying Decision Theory (DT), one of the management sciences, the article determines that non-hereditary entrepreneurs, which include ex novo and early retirement groups, are expected to provide greater contribution to the rural areas development and have different decision-making process in contrast to hereditary entrepreneurs. The article clearly shows a lack of policies focused on non-hereditary entrepreneurs in the EU and a limited effect of policies on ex novo and early retirement groups due to their underestimation of the agricultural sphere’s opportunities and limited knowledge about existing policies. The article suggests further application of DT in agricultural entrepreneur’s motivation and debiasing.

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STATE AID IN THE AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY SECTORS AND IN RURAL AREAS IN RESPECT OF THE COMPETITION POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE YEARS 2004-2015

Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.3257 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol XIX (3) ◽

pp. 250-257

Author(s):

Krzysztof Rutkiewicz ◽

Angelika Pruchnicka

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Competition Policy ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

State Aid ◽

Public Expenditures ◽

The European Union ◽

Territorial Development ◽

Adverse Weather ◽

The Eu

The aim of the study is to discuss the legal and economic aspects of granting of state aid in the sectors of agriculture, forestry and in rural areas in the light of the EU competition policy in the years 2004-2015. The methods of deduction, descriptive, critical-cognitive and comparative analysis of statistical data (derived from Eurostat database) on the value and structure of state aid for sectoral targets in the EU-28, were used. State aid in the EU is the instrument aimed at achieving the objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy, which strengthens the competitiveness and profitability of all agricultural branches, promotes the sustainable forest management and territorial development of rural areas, stimulating the actions in the field of climate and energy efficiency. The greatest beneficiaries of state aid in the agricultural sector in the years 2004- 2015 were: France (16%), Germany (12%), Finland (10%), Italy (9%), Spain (8%), Poland (7%), Great Britain (6%) and Netherlands (5%). In the structure of state aid in the EU-28 Member States, tax exemptions were the predominant use (14%), followed by investments in agricultural holdings (13.6%), support to the livestock sector (8%), animal disease control (6%), agricultural and livestock insurance contributions (5.4%), technical support (5%), forestry support (4.8%), aid for research & development & innovation (4.7%), adverse weather events (4%), public expenditures for environmental protection and compensations for natural disasters and other exceptional occurrences (3.5% each).

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FARM FAMILIES AND FUTURE OPTIONS – THE ROLE OF THE EXTENSION ADVISORY SERVICE IN SHAPING IRISH AGRICULTURE

Quaestiones Geographicae ◽

10.2478/quageo-2013-0033 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 49-62

Author(s):

John McDonagh ◽

Maura Farrell ◽

Marie Mahon

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

World Trade Organisation ◽

The European Union ◽

Multifunctional Agriculture ◽

Farm Families ◽

Advisory Services ◽

The Common ◽

The Eu

Abstract Agriculture across Europe is very much driven by the reforms initiated by the European Union (EU) and World Trade Organisation negotiations. Reforms have mobilised a shift in agricultural practices from production to a somewhat contested post-production and, more recently, multifunctional agriculture regime. Accompanying such change has been the debate on the future of farming, the role of agriculture within the countryside, and the extent to which the sector will maintain support from the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the EU. Central to these discussions, in terms of bringing about beneficial change on farms and in rural areas, is the advice and direction available to farmers. The agricultural extension advisory services are an integral component of this process. This paper explores the position of public extension advisory services in Ireland and determines the extent to which these services are impacting the trajectory of modern agricultural practices within a framework of more traditional views of farmers and farm families.

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Economic and Social Impacts of Promoting Cultural Heritage Protection by the Czech Rural Development Programme 2007–2013

European Countryside ◽

10.1515/euco-2017-0029 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 486-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jana Kouřilová ◽

Martin Pělucha

Keyword(s):

Rural Development ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Social Impacts ◽

The European Union ◽

Rural Settlements ◽

Rural Development Programme ◽

Historical Monuments ◽

Programming Period ◽

Economic And Social Impacts

AbstractCultural heritage can play a very important role in local and regional development with economic and social effects. The European Union (EU) outlined a specific measure that is aimed at the protection and development of rural heritage within rural development policy in the programming period of 2007–2013. The main aim of this paper is to assess economic and social impacts of projects supported by EU Rural Policy in the Czech Republic during the period of 2007–2013. The implemented projects were located mainly in peripheral rural areas, both near to borders and in inner peripheries, which means that the measure was geographically well targeted. The results of the measure contribute to the restoration and reconstruction of historical monuments, churches, cemeteries and small sacral monuments which create an environment in rural settlements. This environment is very important for the community life and strengthening local identity. In the field of economic development, the results of this measure demonstrate only limited effects in supported villages.

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EU-BREXIT-CEE-UKRAINE: EUROPE’S HEALTHIER FUTURE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC LEADERSHIP

JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY - No 1 (2018) ◽

10.35774/jee2021.03.423 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (Issue Vol 20, No 3 (2021)) ◽

pp. 423-439

Author(s):

Eckhard FREYER

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Financial Crisis ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Common Market ◽

Economic Downturn ◽

European Research ◽

The European Union ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Scientific Institutions ◽

The Eu

The horrors of WWII changed history and created a better Europe based on a Common market as an essential signal of unity among the EU member states. Now generations have grown up in peace and growing prosperity. However, a decade ago, ECB/EU had to overcome the EU-euro-financial crisis and now Brexit. In addition, Covid19 crisis brings many pressing problems, as the Coronavirus pandemic is likely to result in Europe/Germany’s largest economic downturn in the last seven decades. Loss of prosperity, des-integration in the European Union could escalate further. Even in academic and scientific institutions and in European research networks difficulties are relevant. Can we overcome Brexit / Corona and create a healthy Europe that is a global socioeconomic leader? Based on our Cultural Heritage across Europe we must look further than Brexit, and even more seek solutions to the Ukrainian conflict.

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EU COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng1601121m ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vesna Mrdalj ◽

Gordana Rokvić ◽

Petra Nikić Nauth

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Agricultural Policy ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Common Agricultural Policy ◽

Institutional Development ◽

Negotiation Process ◽

The European Union ◽

Accession Negotiation ◽

The Republic ◽

The Eu

One of the most challenging issues for the countries that are in the process ofaccession to the European Union is the reform of agriculture, precisely agriculturalpolicy and its compliance with the Common Agricultural Policy of the EuropeanUnion (CAP). The strategic orientation of the Republic of Srpska and Bosnia andHerzegovina is a full EU member status, which is defined with signatory to theStabilization and Accession Agreement in 2008 and confirmed with Applicationfor membership in the European Union, submitted in February 2016. Consideringthe upcoming accession negotiation process, the reformation of agricultural sectoris necessary in all areas of development: production, policy and legal frameworkand institutional development. Until 2015 Republic Srpska made and adopted twokey strategic documents that determine the directions, objectives and measures fordeveloping of agriculture and rural areas. Recently the Republic of Srpska adopteda new strategic plan for the development of agriculture and rural areas for theperiod 2016- 2020. Considering that agriculture budget represents a first indicatorof the countries sector priorities, objective of this paper is to provide analysis ofagricultural policy through the agricultural budget of the Republic of Srpska and itscompliance with Common Agricultural Policy of the EU. Comparative analysis isrelated to the period 2006 – 2014 using EU methodology for the classification ofagricultural measures (pillars and axis). Research results show that the structure ofmeasures and scope of budgetary support, defined within agricultural policy of theRepublic of Srpska is not compatible with Common Agricultural Policy of the EU.

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