scholarly journals Estimating gaseous pollutants in the air near Daura Refinery, Daura Power Plant and South of Baghdad Power Plant by calculating the fuel discharge

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
Thaer Roomi ◽  
Adel Abed
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Prevailing Wind ◽  
Gaussian Plume Model ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Gaussian Plume

This study addresses estimation of emission rates and concentrations of SO2, CO and NO2 gases emitted from Daura Refinery (DR), Daura Power Plant (DPP) and South of Baghdad Power Plant (SBPP) by calculating the fuel discharge. The estimations were made by using the Gaussian plume model of dispersion at distances within 10 km from the pollution source for January, April, July and October 2017 under two stability conditions, slightly stable and moderately unstable. The effect of wind speed and direction as well as the ambient temperature of the surrounding air on the dispersion and transmission of air pollutants were also investigated. It was found that the unstable conditions are better for dispersing out atmospheric pollutants. The results showed that Zafarania District was the most affected by pollutants emitted from DR and BSPP while Daura District was more affected by DPP due to the prevailing wind direction. It was also found that an increase in wind speed leads to a decrease in the concentration of pollutants. The concentration of pollutants is inversely proportional to the height of the chimney, the speed of the gas leaving the chimney, while it is directly proportional to the diameter of the chimney. DPP has higher emission rates than DR and SBPP while at the surface level, the pollutants concentrations emitted from DR are greater than those emitted from DPP and SBPP.

Evaluation of Zinc Accumulation in Moss (Pylaisia polyantha) Growing Near Intensive Traffic Street Based on Modelling and Experimental Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 198-213
Author(s):  
Dainius Paliulis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Gaussian Plume Model ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Exhaust Fumes ◽  
Gaussian Plume

Pylaisia polyantha moss growing near intensive traffic in Geležinis Vilkas street at Vingis Park (Vilnius) was selected as an indicator of environmental pollution. Two models were applied for the study: the Gaussian plume model – for zinc emission from automobiles calculation and mathematical model – for recalculating the zinc emission from transport to zinc concentration in moss. Moss samples were collected during spring, summer and autumn. There were no significant changes in Zn concentrations between these periods. Zn emission dispersion from pollution source was calculated only for one vehicle, in order to reach relationships between environmental conditions and dispersion of Zn emission from vehicle exhaust fumes pipe. It was detected that the concentration of Zn tends to decrease with the distance from the pollution source. It was observed that there was a strong relationship between wind speed and Zn concentration – the slower the wind speed, the higher concentration of zinc in moss.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Near-Surface Wind in Shenzhen

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Liu ◽  
Qinglan Li ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Yuqing Wang ◽  
Riaz Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Prevailing Wind ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Seasonal Wind ◽  
The Mean

The spatiotemporal characteristics of near-surface wind in Shenzhen were investigated in this study by using hourly observations at 92 automatic weather stations (AWSs) from 2009 to 2018. The results show that during the past 10 years, most of the stations showed a decreasing trend in the annual mean of the 10 min average wind speed (avg-wind) and the mean of the 3 s average wind speed (gust wind). Over half of the decreasing trends at the stations were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Seasonally, the decrease in wind speed was the most severe in spring, followed by autumn, winter, and summer. The distribution of wind speed tends to be greater in the east and coastal areas for both avg-wind and gust wind. From September to March of the following year, the prevailing wind direction in Shenzhen was northerly, and from April to August, the prevailing wind direction was southerly. The seasonal wind speed distribution exhibited two different types, spring–summer type and autumn–winter type, which may be induced by their different prevailing wind directions. The analysis by the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method confirmed the previous findings that the mean wind speed was decreasing in Shenzhen and that two different seasonal wind speed spatial distribution patterns existed. Such a study could provide references for wind forecasting and risk assessment in the study area.

scholarly journals Statistical atmospheric inversion of local gas emissions by coupling the tracer release technique and local-scale transport modelling: a test case with controlled methane emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 5017-5037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Ars ◽  
Grégoire Broquet ◽  
Camille Yver Kwok ◽  
Yelva Roustan ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gaussian Plume Model ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modelling ◽  
Release Technique ◽  
Gaussian Plume ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

Abstract. This study presents a new concept for estimating the pollutant emission rates of a site and its main facilities using a series of atmospheric measurements across the pollutant plumes. This concept combines the tracer release method, local-scale atmospheric transport modelling and a statistical atmospheric inversion approach. The conversion between the controlled emission and the measured atmospheric concentrations of the released tracer across the plume places valuable constraints on the atmospheric transport. This is used to optimise the configuration of the transport model parameters and the model uncertainty statistics in the inversion system. The emission rates of all sources are then inverted to optimise the match between the concentrations simulated with the transport model and the pollutants' measured atmospheric concentrations, accounting for the transport model uncertainty. In principle, by using atmospheric transport modelling, this concept does not strongly rely on the good colocation between the tracer and pollutant sources and can be used to monitor multiple sources within a single site, unlike the classical tracer release technique. The statistical inversion framework and the use of the tracer data for the configuration of the transport and inversion modelling systems should ensure that the transport modelling errors are correctly handled in the source estimation. The potential of this new concept is evaluated with a relatively simple practical implementation based on a Gaussian plume model and a series of inversions of controlled methane point sources using acetylene as a tracer gas. The experimental conditions are chosen so that they are suitable for the use of a Gaussian plume model to simulate the atmospheric transport. In these experiments, different configurations of methane and acetylene point source locations are tested to assess the efficiency of the method in comparison to the classic tracer release technique in coping with the distances between the different methane and acetylene sources. The results from these controlled experiments demonstrate that, when the targeted and tracer gases are not well collocated, this new approach provides a better estimate of the emission rates than the tracer release technique. As an example, the relative error between the estimated and actual emission rates is reduced from 32 % with the tracer release technique to 16 % with the combined approach in the case of a tracer located 60 m upwind of a single methane source. Further studies and more complex implementations with more advanced transport models and more advanced optimisations of their configuration will be required to generalise the applicability of the approach and strengthen its robustness.

scholarly journals Assessment of Natural Radioactivity, Heavy Metals and Partic-Ulate Matter in Air and Soil Around a Coal-Fired Power Plant—An Integrated Approach

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Maria de Lurdes Dinis ◽  
António Fiúza ◽  
Joaquim Góis ◽  
José Soeiro de de Carvalho ◽  
Ana C. Meira Meira Castro
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Prevailing Wind ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction

A comprehensive study of the environmental radioactivity covered in a distance up to 20 km from a point source—two stacks of a coal-fired power plant. Airborne particulate matter was collected, and the element composition on the 30 cm soil profile was determined. The range of activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K from the studied areas varies from 8 Bq/kg to 41 Bq/kg, 5 to 72 Bq/kg and 62 to 795 Bq/kg, respectively. The activities values are increased by 44% for 226Ra, 37% for 40K, and 75% for 232Th in the prevailing wind direction. For some elements, the respective concentration in the soil is above the maximum permissible level for all types of soil use, particularly for the arsenic concentration. The deposition flux ranged from 0.36 to 5.70 (g m−2 per month) in the first sampling campaign and from 0.02 to 3.10 (g m−2 per month) for the second sampling campaign. Maps on the spatial distribution of gamma dose rates, radionuclides activity concentrations, deposition flux and trace metals in topsoil were developed for the study region. These maps are in accordance with higher values in specific locations in the vicinity of the coal-fired power plant, showing the influence of point sources, and for locations within 6 and 20 km from the stacks, particularly in the prevailing wind direction.

Wind analysis at Ganja International Airport

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
Ulker Faig Bayramova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Prevailing Wind ◽  
Wind Rose ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Wind Analysis ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
The Mean

The article reviews wind conditions at Ganja International Airport and specifies the maximum winds observed during the month and the direction of the winds. The direction of the mean, maximum wind speed of the prevailing wind was analyzed. Based on our analysis, we can see that the prevailing wind direction isnortheast and the maximum speed was recorded in March. Key words: wind, temperature, aviation, wind rose, visibility

scholarly journals Caracterização da Velocidade e Direção do Vento em Mossoró/RN (Characterization of Wind Speed and Direction in Mossoró/RN)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Giuliana Mairana de Morais ◽  
José Espínola Sobrinho ◽  
Wesley De Oliveira Santos ◽  
Danielly De Oliveira Costa ◽  
Saulo Tasso Araújo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Prevailing Wind ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Automatic Station ◽  
Semi Arid

O vento é de grande importância para muitas atividades humanas, especialmente para as atividades agropecuárias. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a velocidade e a direção predominante do vento para Mossoró/RN, no período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2012. Foram analisados dados da velocidade média do vento a 10 m e 2 m de altura e direção predominante do vento para o período de 24 horas. Os dados foram coletados por uma Estação Meteorológica Automática, localizada na UFERSA (Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido), em Mossoró/RN. Os valores da velocidade média do vento tendem a aumentar no segundo semestre do ano, tendo uma queda nos seus valores no primeiro semestre. Os valores médios de velocidade do vento para o período estudado foram de 3,32 m s-1 para 10 m e de 2,30 m s-1 para 2 m de altura, já as velocidades máximas instantânea do período estudado foram de 13,04 m s-1 para 10 m e de 9,40 m s-1 para 2 m de altura. A direção predominante do vento ficou na maioria dos meses entre sudeste (SE) e leste (E).   ABSTRACT The wind is of great importance to many human activities, especially for agricultural activities. The aim of this study was to characterize the speed and direction of the prevailing wind to Mossoró/RN, from January 2000 to December 2012. The datas from the average wind speed at 10 m and 2 m in height and the prevailing wind direction for the period of 24 hours. Data were collected by an Automatic Weather Station, located in UFERSA (Federal Rural University of the Semi - Arid), in Mossoró/RN. The values of average wind speed tend to increase in the second half of the year, with a fall in values in the first half. The average wind speed for the study period were 3.32 m s-1 to 10 m and 2.30 m s-1 to 2 m high, since the instantaneous speeds of the study period were 13.04 m s-1 to 10 m and 9.40 m s-1 to 2 m in height. The predominant wind direction was in most months between southeast (SE) and east (E).   Keywords: Climate, Anemometer, Automatic Station. 

scholarly journals A Theoretical Approach to Establish the Duration of Denudation on Limestone Surface

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Szunyogh
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Prevailing Wind ◽  
Differential Equation System ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Dip Angle ◽  
Annual Amount

V članku obravnavam hitrost kraške denudacije na primeru nagnjene apnenčaste plošče, neposredno izpostavljene dežju. Zanima me, kako je hitrost denudacije odvisna od parametrov kot so naklon površine, količina in intenziteta padavin ter smer in hitrost vetra. Odgovor poiščem v rešitvi diferencialne enačbe, ki opisuje hitrost zniževanja površine. Izkaže se, da se hitrost denudacije ne veča sorazmerno z intenziteto padavin in da nikoli ne preseže določene mejne vrednosti. Dolgotrajno deževje majhne intenzitete povzroča višjo denudacijsko stopnjo, kot niz kratkotrajnih padavin. Hitrost denudacije narašča s hitrostjo vetra, vendar le do določene hitrosti.This paper deals with the question of how the duration of karstic denudation depends on the dip angle, the annual amount of precipitation, the rain intensity, and the prevailing wind direction and speed in case of an initially plane, sloping limestone surface without soil cover. The answer is given by the solution of a differential equation system describing the lowering speed of the rock surface. It turns out that the rate of the denudation does not increase in proportion to the intensity of precipitation and that it can never exceed a maximal value. Furthermore, long, soft rains result in higher annual denudation than short, abundant downpours. With increasing wind-speed the corrosion rate also increases, but above a certain wind speed the dissolution does not become faster. This paper presents numerical examples with diagrams about how these factors affect the expected duration of denudation.

The effect of row orientation on below-canopy turbulence characteristics in a wine-vineyard

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurit Agam ◽  
Yasmin Levi ◽  
Joe Alfieri ◽  
John Prueger
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Momentum Flux ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Prevailing Wind ◽  
High Momentum ◽  
Turbulence Characteristics ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Sonic Anemometers ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction

&lt;p&gt;The momentum flux affects the energy exchange processes and thus may indirectly affect the water balance of agricultural fields. In wine vineyards, a high momentum flux between the vine rows may augment the evaporation and transpiration fluxes, and therefore decrease the water use efficiency. On the other hand, at night, high momentum fluxes may reduce (or even prevent) the formation of dew on the vine canopy, thus decrease the potential development of fungi and related diseases. We hypothesized that the wind direction relative to the row orientation in largely-spaced narrow hedge-rows characterizing wine vineyards greatly affects the turbulent structure and the momentum flux. This, in turn affects the vineyard microclimate, and ultimately, the grape quality. The objective of our research was to explore the effect of wine-vineyard row orientation on wind and temperature profiles below (and slightly above) the canopy and on the turbulence characteristics and eddy size.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;The research was conducted in two adjacent vineyards in the Judean foothills in Israel (31&amp;#176;48'38.6&quot;N 34&amp;#176;50'43.6&quot;E and 31&amp;#176;48'37.1&quot;N 34&amp;#176;50'24.0&quot;E) having row orientations of NE-SW and SE-NW, respectively. With a NW prevailing wind direction, the wind is typically flowing perpendicularly to the former and in parallel to the latter. In each vineyard, 10 self-made type-T fine-wire thermocouples (0.08 mm diameter) were set on a pole places in the middle of the inter row, at heights above the ground of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 140, 220, 250, 300, and 400 cm. In addition, 4 fast-response 2D sonic anemometers were set at 10, 40, 140, and 250 cm above the ground. The measurements were conducted at 20 Hz.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;Below canopy wind regime differed with orientation, mostly at heights lower than 2.5m. Higher wind speed below the canopy and smaller wind speed gradients were observed at the vineyard parallel to the prevailing wind direction.&amp;#160; Temperature gradients were mostly larger in the vineyard perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction.&amp;#160; Nevertheless, the power spectra were generally more uniform in height at the perpendicular vineyard. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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