Vertical Structure of a Snowfall Event Based on Observations From the Aircraft and Mountain Station in Beijing

An aircraft platform, ground-based disdrometer, cloud radar, radiometer, and automatic station were combined to study a snowfall case (16:30–21:00 observed by ground cloud radar) on the Yangqing Mountains in Beijing. Comparing the variation of ice habit and number concentration at aircraft altitude (2.9–3.2 km) and ground, we discussed the ice growth mechanisms in the Beijing Mountains. Results indicated that the snowfall was steady but not strong with reflectivity less than 20dBZ, and cloud top altitude less than 4.5 km. The number concentrations for both liquid and ice crystals at aircraft altitude and ground were very similar, both dominated by small particles at diameters of 0.1–1.2 mm, and the proportion of mean number concentrations at small diameters both in the aircraft and on the ground was large, peaking at 44 L−1 mm−1 and 8826 L−1 mm−1 respectively, and decreased rapidly as the diameter increased. There was no mixed phase in clouds with little liquid water. Particles were relatively regular, and were transparent with dendritic and disk-hexagonal shapes. The ice crystals and snowflakes were mainly grown by the deposition and aggregation, rarely by the riming process, and no secondary ice formation was observed.

RANCANG BANGUN WAS (Weather Automatic Station) PENDETEKSI CUACA SECARA REAL TIME DAN TERINTEGRASI GUNA MENDUKUNG KESELAMATAN PELAYARAN KAPAL RAKYAT DI MALUKU

Kebutuhan data real time Cuaca di daerah pelayaran sangat di butuhkan, ini demi keamanan dan keselamatan sebuah pelayaran. Penyedia data real time di daerah pelayaran khususnya di daerah maluku tengah dapat dikatakan tidak tersedia dan tidak dapat diakses secara on line oleh pelaku pelayaran maupun para calon penumpang sebuah pelayaran di Maluku Tengah.Kehadiran data WAS ( Weather Automatic Station) secara real time dan akurasinya dibutuhkan dalam sistim pelayaran dan manejeman transportasi laut, juga di butuhkan dalam dunia pendidikan guna berbagai ke butuhan penelitian lainnya. Ketersediaan WAS yang terbatas merupakan tantangan yang perlu dicari solusinya.Keamanan sebuah Pelayaran membutuhkan data cuaca yang tepat dan akurat, ini sangat tergantung dari ketersedianya data WAS ( Weather Automatic Station) yang berada dekat dengan lokasi pelayaran. Data yang di peroleh dapat di akses dari berbagai media secara cepat dan tepat oleh penyedia pelayaran, calon penumpamg pengawas dan regulator pelayaran serta berbagai pihak yang berhubungan dengan pelayaran.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lanjutan untuk mendapatkan data real time Cuaca daerah pelayaran Maluku Tengah melalui WAS yang di bangun di Pulau saparua, WAS Tulehu kemudian ditambah dengan WAS Wipirit dan WAS Liang. Data yang diterima Sensor paremeter cuaca WAS kemudian di kirim melalui radio VHF ke station Penerima yang berlokasi di Kampus Fakultas Teknik Unpatti Ambon, yang kemudian diolah dan didistirbusikan ke berbagai media dan di simpan guna kepentingan penelitian lainnya.Dari data yang di dapat diharapkan pengetahuan para pelaku pelayaran serta calon penumpang akan kondisi cuaca sesaat dapat merekomendasikan keamanan dan kenyamanan sebuah pelayaran.

Wind Intensity and Power Density in the Brazilian Dry Tropical Forests (Caatinga)

Wind speed has been widely used for energy purposes. Therefore, studies focused on its knowledge are extremely relevant to better benefit from this resource. The aim of this study is to analyze wind behavior and estimate wind power density (WPD) in the interior of northeastern Brazil, a region with predominance of the semi-arid climate, based on the data made available by the automatic station installed at the Experimental Farm in the municipality of São João do Cariri-PB, which come from the SONDA project and refer to the year 2007. Descriptive analysis techniques were used to identify the periods in which the wind behavior is more favorable to wind harnessing. From the results obtained, there was a predominance of southeast in the wind direction component. However, the values of both the observed wind speed (2, 25 and 50 m) and the wind speed estimated for the levels of 100 and 150 m, as well as the estimates of power density (50, 100 and 150 m) showed that the lowest records are present mainly in the first hours of the day, as well as in the first half of the year, while the highest values occur from 10 a.m. extending to the beginning of the night and prevail in the last six months of the year. These determinations denoted higher values of wind power density available for the second half of the year (mainly from August to December).

POLLUTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE CITY OF NOVOSIBIRSK BY SUBMICRON AEROSOLS DURING THE FOREST FIRES IN 2019

The results of measurements of concentrations of submicron fractions during the period of heavy smoke smog from July 20 to 28, 2019 in the atmosphere of Novosibirsk are discussed. A comparative statistical analysis of PM2.5 and PM10 observations on the automatic station network (SitiAir) was performed. There is a fairly high consistency of measurements between stations located on the periphery and in the center of the city. The correlation of concentrations in Novosibirsk and Tomsk in the considered time period was revealed.

Method of preview processing of the primary geoelectromagnetic data received from a modified geophysical automatic station

Preliminary processing of primary geophysical data, automatically transmitted from the regime geophysical station to the daily specific files confirmed the feasibility of using such approaches. The purpose of the research is to focus on the choice of simple methods of primary data processing and the development of appropriate mathematical models of the dynamics. The results of preliminary processing of the primary data obtained from the regime geophysical automatic station are submitted. Descriptive statistics and simulation of time series were used as processing methods. The presentation of the results by multidimensional graphs allowed to reveal the phenomenon of coincidence in the first indicators of descriptive statistics, and in the second, the coincidence of the model's coefficients for the daily measurements of the natural electric field

Low-cost automatic station for compost temperature monitoring

ABSTRACT Temperature monitoring is an important procedure to control the composting process. Due to cost limitation, temperature monitoring is manual and with daily sampling resolution. The objective of this study was to develop an automatic station with US$ 150 dollars, able to monitor air temperature at two different points in a compost pile, with a 5-min time resolution. In the calibration test, the sensors showed an estimated uncertainty from ± 1 to ± 1.9 ºC. In the field validation test, the station guaranteed secure autonomy for seven days and endured high humidity and extreme temperature (> 70 °C).