scholarly journals Specjalizacja i konkurencyjność krajów UE w zakresie produkcji zbóż

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Tłuczak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

This paper presents the results of research on the specialization and competitiveness of crop production in European Union countries. The Esteban-Marquillas method of competitiveness changes was used for the research. This method indicates specialized countries and the nature of structural changes in the scope of crop production. The research was carried out on the basis of data on the size of crop production. All data was taken from the databases of the Central Statistical Office. The research covers the years 2005-2016. The obtained results distinguish (inseparable) groups of countries specializing in the production of particular cereal species. The following countries specialize in the production of wheat: Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Sweden and Austria; production of barley wheat: Finland, Great Britain, Germany, Italy and Greece; and rye: Portugal, Spain, France, Great Britain, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia.

scholarly journals Assessment of impact of tax rates changes on cigarette prices in the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Petr David ◽  
Luboš Střelec ◽  
Pavel Kolman
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Cigarette Taxes ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Cigarette Taxation

The consumption taxes called excise duties are imposed on tobacco products in the Czech Republic and also in the other European Union countries. Cigarette taxation is atypical compared to taxation of other products encumbered with excise duty. Number of cigarettes and also consumer’s price together make the tax base. Harmonization effort of cigarette taxes in the European Union countries and also pure fiscal need of Czech Republic, are causes of frequent changes of cigarette taxes rates in recent years. These changes does not conduce only to changes of tax collection, but also bring many other effects, that have to be identified and analysed to set global results of steps to be made in the scope of tax policy in the Czech Republic. Average price of all 435 cigarettes marks on the market in the period from July 2001 to July 2009 is the base characteristic necessary to examine impacts of cigarette taxes changes. Classical regression analysis is used to analyse legislative changes impact on average cigarettes price. Single legislative changes are realized through the use of synthetic (dummy) variables performing as explanatory variables. There is also tested significance of particular parameters of the model and analysed structural breakages in this text. It is necessary not only to impeach lawful impact of these steps during imposing or changing of taxation, but also effective impact, which is often very different from lawful impact. From implementation of obligatory of marking the cigarettes in 2001 we are able to identify some relevant characteristics and impacts of changes of tax burden imposed on cigarettes in the Czech Republic. Statistically significant changes of average non-weighted price of cigarettes are identified in here, as well as structural breakages of average non-weighted price of cigarettes and values of tax incidence. Also temporal and other connection with given facts is discussed.

POLISH AGRICULTURE ENERGY INTENSITY WITH OTHER ECONOMIC SECTORS

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (4) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
Marcin Wysokiński ◽  
Paulina Trębska ◽  
Arkadiusz Gromada
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Final Energy Consumption

The aim of this article is to assess the energy intensity of Polish agriculture with other sectors of the economy. The article also assesses the share of agriculture in final energy consumption in the European Union countries. The article uses secondary data from the Central Statistical Office and EUROSTAT. The energy intensity of agriculture in Poland is decreasing and will continue to decline as changes in the agrarian structure and intensification of production in family-owned commodities grow. Comparing the energy intensity of the economy in EU member countries, it is much higher in newly-admitted countries than in EU-15 countries.

scholarly journals Wine-trade in the Czech Republic in 2000–2003

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 405-416
Author(s):  
O. Tvrdoň ◽  
P. Povolný ◽  
R. Presová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Mutual Comparison ◽  
Natural Expression ◽  
Wine Trade

The paper focuses on wine imports into the Czech Republic in the period of 2000–2003 with a special attention paid to the imports from the European Union countries. It describes the results of trade balance in its value and natural expression, as an important impulse for producers, mediators, and traders for increasing their participation in the sales in foreign markets. For the the evaluation of profitability of trade transactions, unit kilogram prices are used. Imports of the particular wines are structured according to the nomenclature of harmonised codes of customs statistics. For mutual comparison, the indicators of unit kilogram prices are used. Imports are monitored for individual commodities according to the structure, which is used by customs statistics.

scholarly journals THE LEVEL OF INCOME INEQUALITIES AND REDISTRIBUTION POLICIES IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Raczkowska ◽  
Joanna Wrzesińska-Kowal
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Community ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
European Union Countries

The article addresses issues concerning the level of income inequalities in the countries of the European Union in 2010 and 2018. Subject literature and secondary Eurostat data were used in order to achieve the aim of the study. The obtained results confirmed the presence of a large variability in the level of income inequalities between countries of the European Union. Bulgaria and Lithuania were the countries characterized by the biggest income inequalities. The smallest income disproportions, independent of the interference of the state, occurred in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia. In addition, in 2018, a relatively large drop in inequality in Poland, as well as an increase in inequality in Luxembourg, Sweden and the Netherlands was observed. The study conducted allows to confirm the hypothesis assumed at the beginning, which states that in countries that are part of the European Community, the governments effectively contribute to the reduction in income inequalities by means of taxes and social remittances. However, a decrease in so-called the Gini gap in most European Union countries means that the effectiveness of redistribution has been decreasing.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Fiscal Policy Changes in Selected European Union Countries outside the Eurozone

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Agata Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The aim of this article is to investigate the fiscal policy changes in six Central and Eastern European countries outside the Eurozone: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, Poland and Romania. The analysis covers the period from 2004 to 2017. The study uses changes in the cyclically‑adjusted primary balance as a main indicator to assess the fiscal policy stance. The results indicate that, in general, over the period from 2004 to 2017, the fiscal stance in these countries was somewhat contractionary.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVENESS OF POLAND AND POLISH REGIONS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF OTHER EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Irena Ozimek ◽  
Agnieszka Bobola ◽  
Julita Szlachciuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Patent Office ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Union Member States

The aim of the study is to analyse the diversity of the innovation scale of particular voivodships in Poland as well as to present Poland’s innovativeness in comparison to other countries. The authors of this paper have carried out scientific studies and analyses, taking into consideration the data for 2010–2017, published, among others, by Central Statistical Office (Główny Urząd Statystyczny), the European Commission and the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland (Urząd Patentowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej). The scope of the analyses concerned the innovative activities of Poland against the background of other countries, in particular, the European Union Member States as well as the diversification of the innovative activity of entrepreneurs conducting business activity in particular voivodships in Poland. It should be noted that there is a significant regional differentation in this respect.

Assessment of Innovation Gap between Poland and European Union Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Edyta Dworak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
The Eu

This paper aims to estimate the innovation gap between Poland and European Union countries, and evaluate the innovative position of the Polish economy in relation to EU countries. The assessment was conducted on the grounds of the Summary Innovation Index, presented in the Innovation Union Scoreboard and an examination into the indicators describing the index. Results of the analysis show the occurrence of the innovation gap for the most indicators in comparison to innovative leaders in the EU, as well as to the EU countries with a similar level of economic development, i.e., the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia. 

scholarly journals INCOME SITUATION OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS COVERED BY THE AGRICULTURAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM (FADN) IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Grzelak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Extensive System ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Slight Downward Trend

The main purpose of this research is to assess the income situation of agricultural holdings and identify the re- lated trends in EU-23 countries. As shown by surveys, the incomes followed an average moderate upward trend over the 2004–2015 period. The income situation of agricultural holdings was concluded to vary strongly across EU-23 coun- tries. Even though the existing extensive system of support stabilizes the level of incomes (and despite an increase in the level of subsidies), it does not eliminate the significant vari- ation. Simultaneously, it was noted that per-hectare incomes (less subsidies) followed a slight downward trend in 2004– 2015, which indicates once again the important contribution of subsidies to the income situation of agricultural holdings in EU countries. Agricultural holdings in “new” member states (except for the Czech Republic) achieve much lower incomes than EU-15 farms.

scholarly journals Przyjazdy turystów zagranicznych do Polski oraz ich wydatki w latach 2014-2017 – charakterystyka i perspektywy rozwoju

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Łukasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Average Expenditure

Foreign tourists are eager to choose Poland as their destination. The aim of the article is to present the characteristics of arrivals of foreign tourists to Poland, including their expenses. Using the data from the Ministry of Sport and Tourism, the Central Statistical Office and the National Bank of Poland, the number and purposes of arrivals, length of stay and the accommodation base used were presented. The further part of the study presents the diversification of expenses of foreign tourists in Poland, taking into account the average expenditure per person and per day of stay. A SWOT analysis was also presented, which defines the strength and weakness of inbound tourism as well as the opportunities and threats associated with its development. The analysis shows that arrivals of foreign tourists increased in 2017 by 14.1% compared to 2014. The highest expenditure per person among foreign tourists was recorded in the case of tourists from overseas countries, Scandinavia and Germany. Foreign tourists from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Belarus issued the least. As part of the SWOT analysis presented, it can be stated that the chances of developing incoming tourism to Poland are mainly based on such factors as: location, diversity, increasingly higher quality of services, positive impressions coming back from Poland, or the use of city brands (Warsaw, Krakow, Wrocław, Gdańsk).

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