Lajityypit ylittävä laatu televisio-ohjelmissa

Artikkelin tavoitteena on kuvata televisioalan tekijöiden näkemyksiä laatukriteereistä sekä sitä, millaisia lajityypit ylittäviä laatukriteereitä löytyy audiovisuaalisella alalla. Aineisto on koottu Yhdysvalloissa ja Suomessa haastattelemalla alan ammattilaisia, jotka toimivat tuottajina, ohjaajina, kouluttajina tai johtavissa asemissa palkintojärjestöissä.Analyysi on toteutettu fenomenografisesti. Laatukeskustelun ja televisio-ohjelmien keskinäisen vertailun tuloksena nousi esiin kolme lajityypit ylittävää laatukriteeriryhmää. Nämä ryhmät ovat 1) ammattitaito, 2) vaikutus ja 3) suosio.Avainsanat: laatu, televisiotuotanto, televisiotutkimus, lajityyppi, fenomenografiaQuality in Television Across Genres: Views on Criteria of Quality Amongst Television ProfessionalsThe aim of this article is to explore criteria of quality in the views of professionals in the field of television and what kind of criteria of quality across genre can be found in the audiovisual field. Data has been compiled in the United States and Finland by interviewing professionals in the field of television, who act as producers, directors, educators or in leading positions in award organizations, such as Peabody- and Emmy Awards.The analysis has been carried out phenomenographically. As a result of the quality discussion and the mutual comparison of television programs, three groups of quality criteria exceeding the genres emerged. These groups are 1) professionalism, 2) impact, and 3) popularity.Keywords: quality, genre, television production, television research, phenomenography

College Students’ Mental Health Climbing Consumption Model Based on Nonlinear Differential Equations

College students continue to improve their consumption levels due to compassion or vanity, but it not only increases the financial burden of the family, but is also not conducive to their personal health. In order not to affect the mental health of college students, to solve the problem of mutual comparison consumption, this paper establishes differential equation models to describe this phenomenon, from qualitative and quantitative angles to interpret and predict the results of comparison consumption. The results show that the current consumption behaviour of college students also has a reasonable place for being unreasonable, mainly from college students’ own and living environment.

PRAVOSUĐE (KRIVIČNO) KAO VID JAVNE SLUŽBE

The author gives an overview of the judicial system through the prism of the French legal theory of public services, according to which the state is a set of public services, namely legislative, administrative and judicial public services. The paper contains a theoretical analysis of the notion of state power and then the notion of public service, services of general interest and French legal theory. Within the concept of public service, the author gives an overview of the history of the emergence of public services. Furthermore, the notion of the judicial system is defined as a type of judicial power and as a type of judicial public service on the other hand for the purpose of their mutual comparison and more detailed analysis. Emphasis is also placed on criminal justice as a part of the judiciary that also provides services of general interest. The aim of the paper is to point out that the judiciary is not only a power, a syntagm that most often appears in the legal literature and practice, but that it also contains elements of public service and represents a kind of "citizen service".

Mutual Comparison Studies of Mono and Di Cations in Binary and Ternary Aqueous Electrolytes Solution at 298.15 K

Densities and viscosities of binary and ternary electrolytes solution have been determined experimentally at 298.15 K. The results obtained from density and viscosity measurement have been used to calculate apparent molar volume φv partial molar volume φov at infinite dilution, relative viscosities hrel, A and B coefficients, and free energies of activation of viscous flow of solvent Δ µ10# and solute Δ µ20. The results are discussed in terms of the dehydration effect of the weak ion-ion and strong ion-solvent interactions. The properties of these systems are discussed in terms of the charge, size, and hydrogen bonding effect.

National Innovation Capacity and Economic Progress of Countries

The ability of the national economy to create and to valorize innovations on the market in order to produce economic goods represents its national innovation capacity, which is at the same time a key determinant of countries’ economic progress. Due to this fact, its relevance imposes the task of identifying, as accurately as possible, the key theoretical postulates on which this concept is based, as well as calculating the Innovation capacity index by which it is possible to predict progress in building innovation capacity of individual countries and mutual comparison with other countries according to innovation capabilities. After a brief explanation of the essence of learning, on which this concept is based, an attempt is made to calculate the Innovation capacity of the European Union and the Western Balkans, on the one hand, and to consider the interdependence of the obtained results and the achieved level of their economic development in 2020, on the other hand. The results of the research confirmed the strong connection between the Innovation capacity index and the achieved level of economic development of countries expressed in terms of gross domestic product per capita.

Criteria and their Influence on the Tactical Decision-Making of Commanders in Operations

Decision-making is one of the core activities of commanders in operations. Commanders (with the help of staffs) carry out decision making, or the decision-making process in planning, because decision-making processes lie at the heart of planning processes. Commanders’ and staffs’ decision-making consists of the creation and assessment of various alternatives (variants of actions) according to certain aspects (criteria) and their mutual comparison, risk assessment, selection of the most advantageous (optimal) alternative and the adoption of a decision. In this paper, the authors focus on the method of deriving (selecting) a set of criteria from the objectives of the operation and their formulation for subsequent use in the creation, analysis, comparison and selection of a variant of action. The reason the authors carefully examine the significance of the influence of criteria on commanders' decisions is primarily the fact that these actions are not elaborated in detail in Alliance documents, which may subsequently affect the choice of optimal variants (decisions) regarding the actions of their own troops in joint (NATO) operations.

Evaluation of Fine and Ultrafine Particles Proportion in Airborne Dust in an Industrial Area

The health impacts of suspended particulate matter (SPM) are significantly associated with size—the smaller the aerosol particles, the stronger the biological effect. Quantitative evaluation of fine and ultrafine particles (FP and UFP) is, therefore, an integral part of ongoing epidemiological studies. The mass concentrations of SPM fractions (especially PM2.5, PM1.0, PM0.25) were measured in an industrial area using cascade personal samplers and a gravimetric method, and their mass ratio was determined. The results of PM2.5, PM1.0 were also compared with the reference measurement at stationary stations. The mean ratios PM2.5/SPM, PM1.0/SPM, and PM1.0/PM2.5 were 0.76, 0.65, and 0.86, respectively. Surprisingly, a mass dominance of UFP with an aerodynamic diameter <0.25 μm (PM0.25) was found with mean ratios of 0.43, 0.57, 0.67 in SPM, PM2.5 and PM1.0. The method used showed satisfactory agreement in comparison with reference measurements. The respirable fraction may consist predominantly of UFP. Despite the measures currently being taken to improve air quality, the most biologically efficient UFP can escape and remain in the air. UFP are currently determined primarily as particle number as opposed to the mass concentration used for conventional fractions. This complicates their mutual comparison and determination of individual fraction ratios.

On the quality of skinfold measurements using skinfold and sliding calipers

A comparative study of the calipers GPM (DKSH, Switzerland), Holtain (Holtain Ltd, Great Britain), the caliper designed by V.E. Deryabin, and the sliding caliper GPM (Martin type) was carried out by the four measurers. The study was conducted using a metal caliper checking gauge GPM, a ‘sandwiches’ of soft silicone rubber kSil™ GP250 (Silicon Engineering, UK), as well as by measurements of subscapular, triceps, suprailiac, and calf skinfolds utilized in the Heath-Carter somatotype assessment scheme, in 20 adult volunteers (10 women and 10 men). Results and discussion. When measuring the caliper checking gauge, the V.E. Deryabin’s and the sliding caliper were accurate, the caliper GPM slightly underestimated (by 0.2 mm), and the caliper Holtain overestimated the exact values (by 0.4-0.6 mm). When measuring ‘sandwiches’ of silicone rubber, the GPM and Holtain calipers showed small but statistically significant differences between measurers (up to 1.4 mm), and for the V.E. Deryabin’s caliper, these differences were more pronounced (up to 5 mm). With a sufficiently high reproducibility of skinfold data, the mean values of their total thickness for the GPM and Holtain calipers differed significantly, and for the V.E. Deryabin and GPM calipers, there were no significant differences. The measurement data using the sliding caliper were consistent with those for the Holtain caliper but showed the largest variation of data between measurers: the maximal difference of the total skinfold thickness averages was 5.2 mm and 7.1 mm in the female and male subgroups, respectively, or 10-14% of the total averages. Conclusion. The results obtained support the need for mutual comparison of skinfold calipers and control of technical measurement errors to ensure data comparability. Cross-calibration of skinfold calipers is a necessary procedure that should precede the anthropometric study. When measured by an experienced anthropologist, the technical error of measuring skinfolds with a sliding caliper can be reduced, but this instrument is not recommended for training and subsequent use for skinfold measurements due to the high risk of obtaining inconsistent data.

PRODUCTION OF FIBER AS AN INPUT MATERIAL FOR THE 3D PRINTING PROCESS

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is the process of joining organic, ceramic, polymer, metal and others materials. Most often used as input material are the ABS and PLA plastics. A large number of plastic products is constantly generated by industry, which beckons the idea how to manufacture these products in more environmentally friendly way. This paper deals with the possibility of producing a 3D printing fiber from a granular PLA material Ingeo 2003D with the addition of a mixture of color powder pigment and fiber from the selected PLA material with a glass powder filler. The production was carried out using the FilaFab PRO EX350 device, which is designed for fiber extrusion for 3D printing technology. The aim of the experiment was the creation of new materials in the form of fibers and their mutual comparison in tensile tests with commercially available materials intended for 3D printing.