scholarly journals The influence of the solar flux at 2.8 GHz on outbreaks of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1025
Author(s):  
M. Milenkovic ◽  
V. Ducic ◽  
B. Milovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Solar Flux ◽  
Gypsy Moths

The connection between the solar flux at 2.8 GHz (based on mean monthly values) and the outbreaks of gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar L.) in Serbia was investigated. The researches included six outbreaks from 1952 to 2007. The average values of the solar flux ranged between 83.8 and 101.8 sfu during the outbreaks, whereas they were between 147.9 and 188.3 sfu for the periods without outbreaks. The results of the research showed that the increase in the number of gypsy moths appears when the values of the solar flux at 2.8 GHz range from 70 to 120 sfu.

CAUSES AND ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF EGG RETENTION IN THE GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE).

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Barbosa ◽  
Peter Martinat
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Egg Retention ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Pupal Size ◽  
Food Consumed

AbstractThe role of starvation, the occurrence of mating, and delays and the onset of mating on the retention of eggs by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were evaluated. The mating status of female gypsy moths did influence egg retention.Mating delays did not affect egg retention. Differences in the number of females retaining some eggs were found among females whose larvae had been reared on different host plants. The amount of food consumed had a significant effect on egg retention. Partial starvation had an impact on egg retention and on larval and pupal development, pupal size, and total egg production. The greater the starvation the greater the egg retention. The ecological implications of these results are discussed.

Effects of Spined Soldier Bug (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Augmentation and Sticky Barrier Bands on Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Density in Oak Canopies2

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Thorpe ◽  
Ralph E. Webb ◽  
Jeffrey R. Aldrich ◽  
Kathy M. Tatman
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Podisus Maculiventris ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Spined Soldier Bug ◽  
Augmentative Releases

The effects of sticky barrier bands, augmentative releases of the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), and the deployment of P. maculiventris pheromone on gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larval density in the canopy of oak trees were tested. Sticky barrier bands used alone reduced larval gypsy moth density by ≈35%. The release of 5,810 P. maculiventris nymphs per tree or the deployment of P. maculiventris pheromone to trees on which sticky barrier bands had been applied had no additional effect on gypsy moth larval density. None of the treatments affected the number of gypsy moth egg masses produced. Significantly more P. maculiventris adults were observed on trees with the pheromone, but higher numbers of nymphs were not subsequently observed on these trees. Counts of gypsy moths beneath burlap bands prior to gypsy moth pupation were about four times higher on unbanded than on banded trees, but counts of pupae beneath burlap bands did not differ between treatments.

IMPLICATIONS OF TREE MICROHABITAT PREFERENCES OF COMPSILURA CONCINNATA (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) FOR ITS EFFECTIVENESS AS A GYPSY MOTH PARASITOID

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Weseloh
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Compsilura Concinnata ◽  
Microhabitat Preferences

AbstractTethered gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), placed in various tree microhabitats were most heavily parasitized by Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae) near the ground especially on leaves. In laboratory experiments, hosts were parasitized primarily between 6:00 AM and 6:00 PM (E.S.T.), with little parasitism at night. These data suggest that in the field, this tachinid will most efficiently attack young gypsy moth caterpillars, as instars 1 to 3 are the only ones consistently on or near foliage during daylight. C. concinnata females successfully parasitized young hosts, but larval development on 2nd instars was twice as long as that on 4th instars. Thus, only one generation of parasitoids on gypsy moths is likely per year. Results indicate that methods for improving the effectiveness of this parasitoid should emphasize increasing adult numbers early in the season.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Gene Sequence (COI) Reveals the Genetic Structure and Demographic History of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) in and around China

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Xu ◽  
Sufang Zhang ◽  
Hongbin Wang ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Guohong Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Gypsy Moths

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is among the most destructive quarantine pests of forests. Here, we reconstructed the genetic structure and determined the population differentiation of gypsy moths across its distribution range at different times. This information could be used to both improve the prevention and detection of gypsy moths in the field. Using 31 newly designed species-specific primers targeting fragments of 216–1102 bp, we identified 103 full-length cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences from eight fresh samples and 95 L. dispar specimens collected between 1955 and 1996, mainly in China. Combining 103 full-length COI gene sequences with 146 COI gene sequences from Genbank or DNA barcode libraries, we analyzed the genetic differentiation, gene flow and haplotypes between gypsy moth populations in order to reflect the genetic structure and population dynamics of gypsy moths. We discovered 25 previously unknown haplotypes from old gypsy moth specimens. We found that the genetic diversity among gypsy moth populations (collected in the same region at different time points) was relatively high. Furthermore, the genetic structure of Chinese geographical populations (Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Beijing) in different years was distinct. Our results suggested that some gypsy moths in China showed the genetic affinity with European gypsy moths (a sub-species of gypsy moths found mainly in Europe).

scholarly journals Microsatellite and Morphological Analyses Reveal Unexpected Diversity in Lymantria dispar in China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Zuo ◽  
D. K. Kurenshchikov ◽  
Jinyong Yu ◽  
Yuanping Zou ◽  
Yiming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Asian Gypsy Moth

The gyspy moth Lymantria dispar Linnaeus, a widely distributed leaf-eating pest, is considered geographically isolated in the world, with two Asian gypsy moth subspecies, Lymantria dispar asiatica and Lymantria dispar japonica. In China, only one subspecies, L. d. asiatica, has been observed. In this study, we characterized gypsy moth diversity and divergence using 427 samples covering a wide range of the species distribution, with a focus on sampling along a latitudinal gradient in China. We combine the quantitative analysis of male genitalia and the genetic diversity analysis of nine microsatellite loci of nuclear genes nuclear genes to study the structure of gypsy moth individuals in 23 locations in the world and the male genitalia of gypsy moths in some areas. In mixed ancestry model-based clustering analyses based on nuclear simple sequence repeats, gypsy moths were divided into three well-known subspecies, a unique North American cluster, and a southern Chinese cluster with differentiation between the Asian gypsy moth and European gypsy moth. We also found individuals identified as European gypsy moths in two distant regions in China. The results of a quantitative analysis of male genitalia characteristics were consistent with an analysis of genetic structure and revealed the differentiation of gypsy moths in southern China and of hybrids suspected to be associated with L. d. japonica in the Russian Far East. Admixture in gypsy moths can be explained by many factors such as human transport. In China, we detected European gypsy moths, and found unexpectedly high genetic diversity within populations across a wide range of latitudes.

Histologic lesions of experimental infection with Lymantria dispar multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus and Lymantria dispar cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus in European gypsy moth caterpillars (Lymantria dispar dispar)

2021 ◽  
pp. 030098582110226
Author(s):  
Elise E. B. LaDouceur ◽  
Ann E. Hajek
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Bright Field Microscopy ◽  
Viral Inclusions

European gypsy moths ( Lymantria dispar dispar) are an invasive species in North America, and are listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature as one of the 100 most destructive invasive species worldwide. They have several known viruses, some of which are used as biological control agents. However, there are no detailed descriptions of many entomopathogenic viral infections, including in European gypsy moths, using bright-field microscopy. In this study, 11 European gypsy moth caterpillars were evaluated histologically: 4 were experimentally infected with Lymantria dispar multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV; Baculoviridae); 4 were experimentally infected with Lymantria dispar cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (LdCPV; Reoviridae); 3 control animals were uninfected. A complete tissue set was evaluated in all animals from all groups using bright-field microscopy, including epidermis, cuticle, striated muscle, tracheae, foregut, midgut, hindgut, Malpighian tubules, hemocytes, fat body, and nervous system. LdMNPV-infected caterpillars had marked karyomegaly and intranuclear viral inclusions in cells of the epidermis, tracheae, fat body, and hemocytes. LdMNPV-infected caterpillars also had hyperplasia and hypertrophy of epidermal and tracheal epithelial cells. LdCPV-infected caterpillars had numerous granular eosinophilic intracytoplasmic viral inclusions in midgut epithelial cells. Both LdMNPV-infected and LdCPV-infected caterpillars had atrophy of fat body adipocytes; this change was more pronounced in LdCPV-infected caterpillars. This work provides the first detailed descriptions of these viral infections in European gypsy moth caterpillars using bright-field light microscopy and provides images of normal histology from control caterpillars.

Defoliation by Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) Induces Differential Delayed Induction of Trichomes in Two Birch Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawako Matsuki ◽  
Rika Toki ◽  
Yoko Watanabe ◽  
Kazuhiko Masaka
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Mechanical Cutting ◽  
And Control ◽  
Light Shading

Abstract Outbreaks of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar japonica Motschulsky) cause serious defoliation in birch. A single year of defoliation has no significant impact on the trees, whereas continuous defoliation events could be fatal. How birch species avoid serious damage caused by gypsy moth outbreak is yet to be revealed. Trichomes on leaf surfaces of birch trees are an effective antiherbivore defense strategy. We examined a 1-yr delayed induction of glandular (GT) and nonglandular trichomes (NGT) on leaf surfaces caused by stress in white birch (Betula platyphylla Sukaczev var. japonica [Miq.] Hara) and monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana Regel). Saplings were subjected to four treatments in June 2009: herbivory (50% of the leaf area was grazed by gypsy moths), mechanical cutting (50% of the leaf area was cut using scissors), shading (50% light shading with a black sheet), and control (covered with a net to prevent herbivory). Then, the density of GT and NGT on early leaves was determined in April 2010. In both birch species, the density of GT was higher in herbivory than in other treatments. The density of GT due to mechanical cutting was higher than that in the control, but only for white birch. However, the density of NGT was lower after mechanical cutting than in other treatments for white birch. There were no differences in the density of NGT among treatments for monarch birch. These results show that 1-yr delayed induction of GT by herbivory was stronger in white birch than in monarch birch.

The absolute efficiency of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), milk-carton pheromone traps

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. J. Taylor ◽  
M. L. McManus ◽  
C. W. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Absolute Efficiency ◽  
Suction Traps ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
The Absolute

AbstractCatches by gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus)) ‘milk-carton’ pheromone traps with (+)-disparlure were compared with estimates of the absolute aerial density of gypsy moths obtained using a suction trap of known absolute sampling efficiency. The mean number of male L. dispar caught per pheromone trap per day was found to be proportional to the 2/3 power of the suction trap's estimate of aerial density. We infer that the efficiency of the gypsy moth milk-carton pheromone trap is density-dependent, declining as aerial density increases. The significance of the density-dependent efficiency and the mode of action of attractant traps are discussed, and the problems of designing and building suction traps to standardize pheromone traps for other species are also considered. It is concluded that standardization is only possible when some basic biology is known because pheromone trap parameters are specific to the field behaviour of the species.

The influence of food on developmental characteristics of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1424-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Barbosa ◽  
John L. Capinera
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
Numerical Change

The host species consumed by larval gypsy moths have significant influences on their development. Feeding on red maple, red oak, synthetic food, and a diet of both oak and maple results in differences in mean frass production, pupal weights, and development times. Larvae feeding on the preferred food type, oak, consumed more food and produced heavier pupae than those that fed on nonpreferred maple. Development in oak-fed female larvae is significantly faster than in maple-fed female larvae. A relatively consistent proportion of extra-instar larvae of both sexes were found regardless of the food they feed upon. The implications of food type on numerical change in gypsy moth populations is discussed.

scholarly journals THE SOLAR ACTIVITY CYCLES AND THE OUTBREAKS OF THE GYPSY MOTH – LYMANTRIA DISPAR L. (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE) IN SERBIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 538-545
Author(s):  
Milan Milenković ◽  
Vladan Ducić
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Solar Activity Cycle ◽  
Solar Flux ◽  
Activity Cycles ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Solar Activity Cycles

Seven outbreaks of the gypsy moth in Serbia for the last seven decades were researched in relation to the solar activity cycles and the solar flux at 2.8 GHz. Based on data analysis, three types of outbreaks were selected. A–type includes the second half of the solar cycle. This type of the outbreak doesn’t get into the next cycle (the values of the solar flux at 2.8 GHz decrease in the final phases). Besides the final years of the solar cycle, B–type also includes the initial years of the next cycle. C–type appears in the beginning of the solar activity cycle. At B-type and C-type the interruption of the outbreak occurs while the solar flux at 2.8 GHz value is increasing. The outbreaks of A-type were: 1970–1976 and 2004–2007; B-type: 1952–1956, 1962–1966, 1984–1987 and 1995–1998; C-type: 2009–2014. The obtained results suggest that the gypsy moth outbreaks are caused by corresponding range of energy coming from the Sun.

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