scholarly journals Molecular genetics and SSR markers as a new practice in farm animal genomic analysis for breeding and control of disease disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Teneva ◽  
K. Dimitrov ◽  
Caro Petrovic ◽  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
I. Dimitrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Simple Sequence

Molecular genetics investigates the genetic makeup of individuals at the DNA level. That includes the identification and mapping of molecular genetic markers and genetic polymorphisms. Molecular genetic markers (DNA markers) are one of the most powerful means for the genomic analysis and allow the connection of hereditary traits with genomic variation. Molecular marker technology has developed rapidly over the last decade and two shapes of specific DNA based marker, Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), also known as microsatellites, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) prevail applications in modern genetic analysis. Genomic simple sequence repeats (SSRs, microsatellites) have been used for a variety of purposes, including gene tagging, physical mapping, genome mapping, estimation of genetic diversity, phylogenetic and conservation genetic purposes in farm animal breeding. SSR analyses are applied successfully in parentage verification and pedigree analysis, as disease markers and to locate the mutation in genetic disorders in livestock animals. The ultimate use of SSRs markers is for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL), marker assisted selection (MAS) in order to practice genomic selection and improve the farm animal health. Developments in ?omics? technologies, such as genomic selection, may help overcome several of the limitations of traditional breeding programmes and will be especially beneficial in breeding for lowly heritable disease traits that only manifest themselves following exposure to pathogens or environmental stressors in adulthood. The current paper provides a brief overview of the present - day application of microsatellites markers in animal breeding and make significant contribution to the overall farm animal health and resistance to disease.

scholarly journals Генотипирование сортов винограда селекции Института «Магарач» на основе анализа аллельного полиморфизма SSR локусов

2019 ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
Svetlana Gorislavets ◽  
Vitalii Volodin ◽  
Gennadii Spotar ◽  
Valentina Risovannaya ◽  
Yakov Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Information Value ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Simple Sequence

Обязательными условиями успешного сохранения и использования различных сортов сельскохозяйственных культур является идентификация и контроль генетической изменчивости сортов, для изучения которой используются различные методы, в том числе методы молекулярно-генетического анализа. В связи с быстрым развитием селекции, ежегодно появляются десятки новых сортов винограда, требующих паспортизации. Молекулярные маркеры могут способствовать подбору родительских пар для скрещивания, повышению точности и ускорению селекционного процесса, так как идентификация исходного материала с использованием молекулярных маркеров и анализ результатов скрещивания могут быть выполнены в достаточно короткий период. К наиболее информативным молекулярным маркерам относятся микросателлитные маркеры, основанные на анализе простых повторяющихся повторов (simple sequence repeats, SSR). Анализ полиморфизма SSR локусов позволяет изучить генетическую изменчивость сельскохозяйственных культур на уровне генома. Цель нашего исследования - генотипирование, оценка аллельного разнообразия и ДНК-паспортизация ряда сортов винограда селекции Института «Магарач» на основе SSR анализа. Основной метод, использованный в работе, - полимеразная цепная реакция (ПЦР) и фрагментный анализ продуктов ПЦР на генетическом анализаторе ABI 3130. В результате фрагментного анализа были генотипированы 8 селекционных сортов Института «Магарач» по 9 ядерным микросателлитным локусам (nSSR). Размеры аллелей оценены с помощью программы Gene Mapper v. 4.0. Полиморфизм микросателлитных локусов и генетическое разнообразие рассчитано с использованием программы Popgene (v. 1.32). Сравнительный анализ nSSR профилей ДНК изученных сортов позволил установить, что все сорта имеют уникальные профили. Всего идентифицировано 69 аллелей, среднее число аллелей - 7,67 аллелей/локус. На основании размеров аллелей составлены индивидуальные молекулярно-генетические паспорта в соответствии с международными стандартами.Identification and control of genetic variation of different varieties of agricultural crops enter as prerequisites for their efficient conservation and use. Genetic variation is investigated by means of a wide set of methods, including those relying on molecular-genetic analysis. Every year, dozens of new breedings of grapevine come into being, and their passportization is necessary. Molecular markets can promote selection of parent pairs for crossing, improve efficiency of breeding and accelerate the process as enable both identification of the initial material and analysis of crossing results to be done in a sufficiently short period of time. The highest information value is associated with microsatellite markers consisting of simple sequence repeats (SSR). Analysis of polymorphism of SSR loci allows to investigate genetic variation of agricultural crops at the level of genome. The goals of the study were to conduct genotyping of a number of grape breedings developed by the Institute Magarach, to assess their allelic diversity and to achieve DNA passportization based on SSR analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fragment analysis of PCR products with the use of a genetic analizer ABI 3130 were the main methods the study relied upon. As a result of the aforesaid analysis, eight new breedings of the Institute were genotyped for nine nuclear microsatellite loci (nSSR). The sizes of alleles were assessed using Gene Mapper v. 4.0 software. Popgene (v. 1.32) software was used to calculate polymorphism of microsatellite loci and genetic diversity. A comparative nSSR-analysis of DNA-profiles of the study varieties indicated that all of them had unique profiles. A total of 69 alleles were identified, with 7.67 alleles per locus on an average. Based on the sizes of the alleles, individual molecular-genetic passports of the varieties were made, in accordance with international standards.

scholarly journals ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) as genetic markers in Noctuids (Lepidoptera)

Hereditas ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. LUQUE ◽  
L. LEGAL ◽  
H. STAUDTER ◽  
C. GERS ◽  
M. WINK
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Simple Sequence

scholarly journals Molecular Genetics and Economics

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P Beauchamp ◽  
David Cesarini ◽  
Magnus Johannesson ◽  
Matthijs J. H. M van der Loos ◽  
Philipp D Koellinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
A Genome ◽  
And Biological Markers

The costs of comprehensively genotyping human subjects have fallen to the point where major funding bodies, even in the social sciences, are beginning to incorporate genetic and biological markers into major social surveys. How, if at all, should economists use and combine molecular genetic and economic data from these surveys? What challenges arise when analyzing genetically informative data? To illustrate, we present results from a “genome-wide association study” of educational attainment. We use a sample of 7,500 individuals from the Framingham Heart Study; our dataset contains over 360,000 genetic markers per person. We get some initially promising results linking genetic markers to educational attainment, but these fail to replicate in a second large sample of 9,500 people from the Rotterdam Study. Unfortunately such failure is typical in molecular genetic studies of this type, so the example is also cautionary. We discuss a number of methodological challenges that face researchers who use molecular genetics to reliably identify genetic associates of economic traits. Our overall assessment is cautiously optimistic: this new data source has potential in economics. But researchers and consumers of the genoeconomic literature should be wary of the pitfalls, most notably the difficulty of doing reliable inference when faced with multiple hypothesis problems on a scale never before encountered in social science.

Copia-SSR: A simple marker technique which can be used on total genomic DNA

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Provan ◽  
WTB Thomas ◽  
B P Forster ◽  
W Powell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Repetitive Elements ◽  
Eukaryotic Genomes ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Copia Retrotransposons

We have developed a PCR-based assay which uses a combination of two classes of repetitive elements found in eukaryotic genomes, namely Ty1-Copia retrotransposons and simple sequence repeats, to amplify multiple polymorphic products from total genomic DNA. Using the technique, seven markers were mapped to four different chromosome arms using a barley doubled haploid mapping population. This technique offers a simple and efficient method of generating both dominant and codominant genetic markers in virtually any eukaryote for mapping and diversity studies.Key words: Copia-SSR, microsatellite, retrotransposon, barley, genotyping.

scholarly journals Molecular genetic investigations for increasing the production results of farm animals

2001 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Mariann Árnyasi
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
European Association ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Genetic Results

The author analysed the publications related to molecular genetics presented at the 51st annual meeting of the European Association for Animal Production. Her aim was to make the latest molecular genetic results known and to emphasise that this discipline plays an increasingly important role in research and the practical fields of animal breeding and production.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of Simple Sequence Repeats in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Xu ◽  
Miaomiao Xing ◽  
Lixiao Song ◽  
Jiyong Yan ◽  
Wenjiang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Motif Length ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Simple Sequence

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) accounts for a critical vegetable crop belonging to Brassicaceae family, and it has been extensively planted worldwide. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), the markers with high polymorphism and co-dominance degrees, offer a crucial genetic research resource. The current work identified totally 64,546 perfect and 93,724 imperfect SSR motifs in the genome of the cabbage ‘TO1000.’ Then, we divided SSRs based on the respective overall length and repeat number into different linkage groups. Later, we characterized cabbage genomes from the perspectives of motif length, motif-type classified and SSR level, and compared them across cruciferous genomes. Furthermore, a large set of 64,546 primer pairs were successfully identified, which generated altogether 1,113 SSR primers, including 916 (82.3%) exhibiting repeated and stable amplification. In addition, there were 32 informative SSR markers screened, which might decide 32 cabbage genotypes for their genetic diversity, with level of polymorphism information of 0.14–0.88. Cultivars were efficiently identified by the new strategy designating manual diagram for identifying cultivars. Lastly, 32 cabbage accessions were clearly separately by five Bol-SSR markers. Besides, we verified whether such SSRs were available and transferable in 10 Brassicaceae relatives. Based on the above findings, those genomic SSR markers identified in the present work may facilitate cabbage research, which lay a certain foundation for further gene tagging and genetic linkage analyses, like marker-assisted selection, genetic mapping, as well as comparative genomic analysis.

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