Animal Breeding Genomic Selection for Improved Animal health: A review of challenges and opportunities in Zimbabwe

The present study is a transversal analysis of the interest in genomic selection for plant and animal species. It focuses on the arguments that may convince breeders to switch to genomic selection. The arguments are classified into three different “bricks.” The first brick considers the addition of genotyping to improve the accuracy of the prediction of breeding values. The second consists of saving costs and/or shortening the breeding cycle by replacing all or a portion of the phenotyping effort with genotyping. The third concerns population management to improve the choice of parents to either optimize crossbreeding or maintain genetic diversity. We analyse the relevance of these different bricks for a wide range of animal and plant species and sought to explain the differences between species according to their biological specificities and the organization of breeding programs.

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Molecular genetics and SSR markers as a new practice in farm animal genomic analysis for breeding and control of disease disorders

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1303405t ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 405-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Teneva ◽

K. Dimitrov ◽

Caro Petrovic ◽

M.P. Petrovic ◽

I. Dimitrova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genomic Selection ◽

Molecular Genetics ◽

Genetic Markers ◽

Simple Sequence Repeats ◽

Animal Health ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Animal Breeding ◽

Farm Animal ◽

Simple Sequence

Molecular genetics investigates the genetic makeup of individuals at the DNA level. That includes the identification and mapping of molecular genetic markers and genetic polymorphisms. Molecular genetic markers (DNA markers) are one of the most powerful means for the genomic analysis and allow the connection of hereditary traits with genomic variation. Molecular marker technology has developed rapidly over the last decade and two shapes of specific DNA based marker, Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), also known as microsatellites, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) prevail applications in modern genetic analysis. Genomic simple sequence repeats (SSRs, microsatellites) have been used for a variety of purposes, including gene tagging, physical mapping, genome mapping, estimation of genetic diversity, phylogenetic and conservation genetic purposes in farm animal breeding. SSR analyses are applied successfully in parentage verification and pedigree analysis, as disease markers and to locate the mutation in genetic disorders in livestock animals. The ultimate use of SSRs markers is for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL), marker assisted selection (MAS) in order to practice genomic selection and improve the farm animal health. Developments in ?omics? technologies, such as genomic selection, may help overcome several of the limitations of traditional breeding programmes and will be especially beneficial in breeding for lowly heritable disease traits that only manifest themselves following exposure to pathogens or environmental stressors in adulthood. The current paper provides a brief overview of the present - day application of microsatellites markers in animal breeding and make significant contribution to the overall farm animal health and resistance to disease.

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Prediction Accuracies of Genomic Selection for Nine Commercially Important Traits in the Portuguese Oyster (Crassostrea angulata) Using DArT-Seq Technology

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12020210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 210

Author(s):

Sang V. Vu ◽

Cedric Gondro ◽

Ngoc T. H. Nguyen ◽

Arthur R. Gilmour ◽

Rick Tearle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Genomic Selection ◽

Shell Length ◽

Prediction Accuracy ◽

Genomic Information ◽

Morphometric Traits ◽

Shell Weight ◽

Shell Width ◽

Crassostrea Angulata ◽

Selection For

Genomic selection has been widely used in terrestrial animals but has had limited application in aquaculture due to relatively high genotyping costs. Genomic information has an important role in improving the prediction accuracy of breeding values, especially for traits that are difficult or expensive to measure. The purposes of this study were to (i) further evaluate the use of genomic information to improve prediction accuracies of breeding values from, (ii) compare different prediction methods (BayesA, BayesCπ and GBLUP) on prediction accuracies in our field data, and (iii) investigate the effects of different SNP marker densities on prediction accuracies of traits in the Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata). The traits studied are all of economic importance and included morphometric traits (shell length, shell width, shell depth, shell weight), edibility traits (tenderness, taste, moisture content), and disease traits (Polydora sp. and Marteilioides chungmuensis). A total of 18,849 single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained from genotyping by sequencing and used to estimate genetic parameters (heritability and genetic correlation) and the prediction accuracy of genomic selection for these traits. Multi-locus mixed model analysis indicated high estimates of heritability for edibility traits; 0.44 for moisture content, 0.59 for taste, and 0.72 for tenderness. The morphometric traits, shell length, shell width, shell depth and shell weight had estimated genomic heritabilities ranging from 0.28 to 0.55. The genomic heritabilities were relatively low for the disease related traits: Polydora sp. prevalence (0.11) and M. chungmuensis (0.10). Genomic correlations between whole weight and other morphometric traits were from moderate to high and positive (0.58–0.90). However, unfavourably positive genomic correlations were observed between whole weight and the disease traits (0.35–0.37). The genomic best linear unbiased prediction method (GBLUP) showed slightly higher accuracy for the traits studied (0.240–0.794) compared with both BayesA and BayesCπ methods but these differences were not significant. In addition, there is a large potential for using low-density SNP markers for genomic selection in this population at a number of 3000 SNPs. Therefore, there is the prospect to improve morphometric, edibility and disease related traits using genomic information in this species.

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Genomic Selection for the Traits Expressed after Pollination in Allogamous Plants

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2013.05.0319 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 1448-1457 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Shiori Yabe ◽

Ryo Ohsawa ◽

Hiroyoshi Iwata

Keyword(s):

Genomic Selection ◽

Selection For

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EVALUASI PERFORMA BOBOT BADAN DAN STATISTIK VITAL SAPI MADURA BERDASARKAN TAHUN KELAHIRAN

JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU ◽

10.23960/jipt.v5i2.p40-43 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Sulistyoningtyas I. ◽

V.M. Ani Nurgiartiningsih ◽

Gatot Ciptadi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Length ◽

Animal Health ◽

Body Height ◽

Animal Breeding ◽

T Test ◽

Female Cattle ◽

Test Result

This research was done to compare performance of Madura cattle born in 2015 and 2016 at Unit of Technical for Animal Breeding and Animal Health Madura. Two hundred tails of Madura cattle that were one day old, 205 days old, and 365 days old were used in this research. They were offsprings of 12 tails of male cattle and 200 tails of female cattle. Variables observed were body weight, body height, body length, and heart girth. Data collected were analyzed by t test. Result of this research indicated that performance of Madura cattle that was one day old and 205 days old born in 2015 and in 2016 were not different (P>0.05). Performance of Madura cattle that was 365 days old born in 2015 and in 2016 were different (P<0.05). The performance of cattle born in 2015 versus in 2016 were 113.00±12.19 kg vs 120.00±10.86 kg for body weight (yearling weight), 110.00±6.81 cm vs 114.00±2.46 cm for body height, 103.00±6.70 cm vs 106.00±4.71 cm for body length, and 118.00±8.05 cm vs 120.00±5.91 cm for heart girth. It could be concluded that performance of Madura cattle that was 365 days old born in 2016 were higher than that was in 2015. Keywords: Madura cattle, Body weight, Bidy height, Body length, Heart girth

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Utilization of WhatsApp for sharing livestock related information: An Experimental Study

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/ijvsbt.v13i01.8747 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Devesh Thakur ◽

Mahesh Chander

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Animal Health ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Himachal Pradesh ◽

Animal Breeding ◽

Multiple Forms ◽

Related Information ◽

Dairy Processing ◽

Extension Agencies

The paper is based on the use of WhatsApp in sharing of livestock related information among the farmers. A WhatsApp group of randomly selected 96 farmers from eight different districts of the Himachal Pradesh, India was created under the study. In a period of six months, information was shared in multiple forms among the farmers. A total of 62 queries during six months to seek information and advice on various livestock related problems were posted by the farmers. Maximum number of queries pertained to animal health followed by animal breeding, feeding, government programmes and dairy processing .The livestock extension agencies have the opportunity to explore and develop relevant information which can be disseminated through WhatsApp to the farmers.

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Phenotypic and genetic parameters for lamb weights in a synthetic line of sheep

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100024041 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 261-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

T. G. Martin ◽

D. I. Sales ◽

C. Smith ◽

D. Nicholson

Keyword(s):

Least Squares ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Animal Breeding ◽

Research Organization ◽

Correction Factors ◽

Component Method ◽

Breeding Research ◽

Selection For ◽

Synthetic Line

ABSTRACTData on 2120 lambs produced over 7 years in the Animal Breeding Research Organization synthetic Dam Line (49% Finn, 22% East Friesian, 16 % Border Leicester and 13 % Dorset Horn) were analysed by least squares. The effects of sex, age of dam, year of birth, birthrearing class, and age of lamb on weights at birth and at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age were all appreciable. However, pooled within-year correction factors should be adequate in adjusting records for selection. Heritability estimates for weights at the five ages ranged from 0·17 to 0·24 by the sire component method and from 0·18 to 0·28 by regression of offspring on dam. Previous reports of differences in heritability in singles and in twins were not confirmed. Estimates of the genetic correlations among the various lamb weights were high (0·62 to 1·04) indicating that selection for weight at one age should result in increased weights at all ages.

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