scholarly journals The emission of particulate matters and heavy metals from cement kilns - case study: co-incineration of tires in Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Jovovic ◽  
Zoran Kovacevic ◽  
Dejan Radic ◽  
Dragoslava Stojiljkovic ◽  
Marko Obradovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Cement Kilns ◽  
Health Risk Estimation ◽  
Stack Emissions

Co-incineration of wastes started more than 20 years ago. In the last 10 years, the use of alternative fuels in the cement industry is continuously increasing. The use of solid wastes in cement kilns is one of the best technologies for a complete and safe destruction of these wastes, due to the fact that there is a simultaneous benefit of destroying wastes and getting the energy. However, particulate matters (PM) and gaseous chemicals emitted from a source into the environment could be directly transmitted to humans through air inhalation. Therefore, for accurate health risk estimation, the emission of pollutants must be determined. In this work, the analysis of the emission of different pollutants when replacing partially the fuel type used in a cement kiln is done. PM, PM10, heavy metals and inorganic pollutants are analyzed. The methods used for sampling and analysis are the standard methods suggested by the EU regulations for stack analysis. Experimental results have shown the encouraging results: in particular clinker characteristics were unmodified, and stack emissions (NOx, SO2 and CO mainly) were in the case of tires, slightly incremented but remaining almost always below the law imposed limits, and in some cases were even decreased.

Research on Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) in Cement Kiln

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1441-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bing Liu ◽  
Xiao Dong Chen ◽  
Jun Gu
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Cement Kilns ◽  
Plant Trial

The efficiency and problem of SNCR in cement are explained by case study .Catalyst also is discussed by the research. And this paper presents and discusses the technical feasibility issues related to implementing SCR technology at cement plant. Some pilot plant trial and scale-full plant are also discussed and the result show that SCR can reduce NOx emissions from cement kilns by greater than 90% and achieve less than 100 mg/Nm3 NOx emissions. The fact suggests that it is a more effective and proven technology to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from cement kilns.

A Feasibility Study on Co-Processing of Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals in Cement Kilns

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Qing Li ◽  
Huan Zhong Wang ◽  
Jiang Zhang ◽  
Song Bai Yu ◽  
Wen Juan Miao
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Bag Filter ◽  
Cement Kilns ◽  
High Level

The national general survey manifests that the Chinese soil is suffering from serious contamination, mainly arising from heavy metals (HM). Due to the large amount of heavy metal waste, many researchers have performed the feasibility studies on co-processing this kind of waste in cement kilns. In this paper, we review these results from the perspectives of national standards, the crystal structure of clinker, and the volatility of metals in cement kiln system. The crystal structure of clinker mineral offers physical possibility for the solidification of HM atoms. The volatility studies also indicate that most of the metals will not emit from the kiln system. For the incorporated metals in clinker, their release ratio is very low, and the leaching HM atoms can be immediately enclosed by the cement hydration products. Based on these theoretical results, we measured the HM in the raw materials and in the cement product for 1 year in a cement plant. The bag filter dust contained high level of Tl with an average of 219.30 ppm. The other metals were almost solidified by the clinker. With the vaporization of Tl in the raw materials, the circulation pattern causes the accumulation and buildup of Tl in the system. The incorporation capacity of clinker on HM is predicted in this paper, but the incorporation ratio of HM from contaminated soil, the circulation pattern of HM in cement kiln system, and the emission of HM is currently not clear and further work is in progress.

scholarly journals Utilization of alternative fuels and materials in cement kiln towards emissions of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylenes (BTEX)

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 08002
Author(s):  
Ulfi Muliane ◽  
Puji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Thermal Substitution ◽  
Vocs Emission

Co-processing in cement industry has benefits for energy conservation and waste recycling. Nevertheless, emissions of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylenes (BTEX) tend to increase compared to a non co-processing kiln. A study was conducted in kiln feeding solid AFR (similar to municipal solid waste, MSW) having production capacity 4600-ton clinker/day (max. 5000 ton/day) and kiln feeding biomass having production capacity 7800-ton clinker/day (max. 8000 ton/day). The concentration of VOCs emissions tends to be higher at the raw mill on rather than the raw mill off. At the raw mill on, concentration of total volatile organic carbon (VOCs) emission from cement kiln stack feeding Solid AFR 1, biomass, Solid AFR 2, and mixture of Solid AFR and biomass is 16.18 mg/Nm3, 16.15 mg/Nm3, 9.02 mg/Nm3, and 14.11 mg/Nm3 respectively. The utilization of biomass resulted in the lower fraction of benzene and the higher fraction of xylenes in the total VOCs emission. Operating conditions such as thermal substitution rate, preheater temperature, and kiln speed are also likely to affect BTEX emissions.

Farmland heavy metals can migrate to deep soil at a regional scale: A case study on a wastewater-irrigated area in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 116977
Author(s):  
Shushen Yang ◽  
Wenzhao Feng ◽  
Shiqin Wang ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Xin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Irrigated Area

scholarly journals Classification of alternative fuels used in the cement industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 1398 ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
Przemysław Szymanek ◽  
Ewa Szymanek ◽  
Rafał Rajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cement Industry
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