scholarly journals Classification of alternative fuels used in the cement industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 1398 ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
Przemysław Szymanek ◽  
Ewa Szymanek ◽  
Rafał Rajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cement Industry

Carbon Management in an Emissions-Intensive Industry in a Developing Economy: Cement Manufacturing in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Togar W. S. Panjaitan ◽  
Paul Dargusch ◽  
Ammar A. Aziz ◽  
David Wadley
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Carbon Management ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalents ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Capital Intensive

Around 600 Mt carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emission originates from energy production and consumption in Indonesia annually. Of this output, 40 Mt CO2e comes from cement production. This makes the cement industry a key sector to target in Indonesia’s quest to reduce its emissions by 26% by 2020. Substantial opportunities exist for the industry to reduce emissions, mainly through clinker substitution, alternative fuels, and the modernization of kiln technologies. However, most of these abatement options are capital intensive and considered as noncore business. Due to this, the private sector is unlikely to voluntarily invest in emission reduction unless it saves money, improves revenue, enhances the strategic position of the firm, or unless governments provide incentives or force adoption through regulatory and policy controls. In this study, we review the profile of the Indonesian cement industry and assess the carbon management and climate policy actions available to reduce emissions. The case highlights opportunities for improved carbon management in emission-intensive industries in developing countries.

scholarly journals Emission estimates and air quality impacts from the use of alternative fuels by the Titan cement factory in Thessaloniki

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Fuel Substitution ◽  
The Impact

Cement production is an energy-intensive process. Utilisation of fossil fuels is common practice in the cement industry around the world. Alternative fuel substitution rates increase every year. More specifically, 18 % of the fuel used by the European cement industry in 2006 consists of alternative fuels. This study aims to investigate the prospects for the partial replacement of conventional fossil fuels currently used in the TITAN cement factory in Thessaloniki, Greece, with alternative fuels, focusing on the impact of alternative fuel use on the emissions of air pollutants from co-incineration operations. Air emissions were estimated for both the conventional fuel and mixtures of conventional fuel with alternative fuels, based on emission factors found in the literature but also using the measurements conducted by TITAN in 2010. Emission estimates indicate that legislative limit values for all pollutants are not exceeded. Based on the emission estimates and measurements in the flue gas, the dispersion of the plume around the factory has been described with an appropriate numerical simulation model. Results suggest that the factory’s contribution to the air pollution levels in the surrounding area is very low for most regulated pollutants.

scholarly journals Theoretical Study on the Production of Environment-Friendly Recycled Cement Using Inorganic Construction Wastes as Secondary Materials in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihoon Kim ◽  
Sungho Tae ◽  
Rakhyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gypsum Board ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Waste Gypsum ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
By Products

The cement industry endeavors to reduce CO2 emissions from cement manufacturing by utilizing industrial by-products as alternative fuels and developing secondary concrete products from construction wastes. With these efforts, the cement industry is attempting to become more eco-friendly and reduce environmental load. This study analyzed the possibility of using inorganic construction wastes to produce environmentally friendly recycled cement using the process of proportioning. To this end, the types and production trends of recyclable construction wastes and previous studies on the development of recycled cement using such construction wastes were analyzed. Based on this analysis, recyclable inorganic construction wastes were selected, and real waste was collected. The chemical composition of each inorganic construction waste was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence, and the composition of ordinary commercial cement was used as the baseline. After the collected inorganic construction wastes were mixed, they were fired using the Bogue formula. The mineral components of clinker, which was generated from the firing process, were predicted and analyzed. Waste gypsum board and ceiling materials were shown to contain large amounts of CaO, which could substitute limestone—a key component of cement. These results suggested that if the limestone content was greater than 85 wt %, mixing inorganic construction wastes in appropriate proportions could be used to develop various types of Portland cement.

Strategies for the utilization of alternative fuels in the cement industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-Bing Hong ◽  
Chi-Feng Huang ◽  
Hsin-Chiu Lin ◽  
Tze-Chin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cement Industry

scholarly journals The emission of particulate matters and heavy metals from cement kilns - case study: co-incineration of tires in Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Jovovic ◽  
Zoran Kovacevic ◽  
Dejan Radic ◽  
Dragoslava Stojiljkovic ◽  
Marko Obradovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Cement Kilns ◽  
Health Risk Estimation ◽  
Stack Emissions

Co-incineration of wastes started more than 20 years ago. In the last 10 years, the use of alternative fuels in the cement industry is continuously increasing. The use of solid wastes in cement kilns is one of the best technologies for a complete and safe destruction of these wastes, due to the fact that there is a simultaneous benefit of destroying wastes and getting the energy. However, particulate matters (PM) and gaseous chemicals emitted from a source into the environment could be directly transmitted to humans through air inhalation. Therefore, for accurate health risk estimation, the emission of pollutants must be determined. In this work, the analysis of the emission of different pollutants when replacing partially the fuel type used in a cement kiln is done. PM, PM10, heavy metals and inorganic pollutants are analyzed. The methods used for sampling and analysis are the standard methods suggested by the EU regulations for stack analysis. Experimental results have shown the encouraging results: in particular clinker characteristics were unmodified, and stack emissions (NOx, SO2 and CO mainly) were in the case of tires, slightly incremented but remaining almost always below the law imposed limits, and in some cases were even decreased.

Co-Processing Hazardous Waste in the Chinese Cement Industry - Status 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Xu ◽  
Shao Feng Sun ◽  
Kårehelge Karstensen ◽  
Da Hai Yan ◽  
Zheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
The World

As China develops its economy, hazardous waste generation is expected to increase rapidly. Recovery and recycling, i.e. co-processing of Alternative Fuels and Raw materials (AFRs) and treatment of hazardous waste in energy-and resource-intensive industries such as the cement industry seems to be an supplementary option to conventional technologies which can increase the overall waste management capacity in China significantly. With the largest cement production in the world, the industry can save significant amounts of non-renewable coal and raw materials by substitution with wastes which needs treatment. However, co-processing requires appropriate regulations and policies to support its development and safe and sound implementation.

scholarly journals Metode Menentukan Klor dalam Sludge Oil: Perbandingan Metode Wet dan Metode Jena

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Herliati Rahman ◽  
Akhirudin Salasa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chlorine Content ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
The Difference

Currently, the use of alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) in the cement industry is very attractive. This is driven by demands for environmental sustainability and the efficiency of fuel and raw material costs. One of the materials that can be used as AFR is sludge oil. However, it needs to be ensured that the chlorine content in the sludge oil does not exceed the threshold so that it does not have a negative impact during the cement production process. It is known that if the chlorine content is more than the threshold, it can cause blocking or clogging of the separator and the kiln. This study aims to determine the performance of the Jena Multi EA 4000 instrument in determining the chlorine content in sludge oil quickly and accurately. Analytic Jena Multi EA 4000 is an Atomic Absorption Spectrometers (AAS) instrument that can be used for analysis of samples in the form of solids or slurries containing chlorine. As validation of the resulting analysis, the wet method is used, which as usual, to determine chlorine levels. From the statistic analysis, namely the F-test and T-test, We found that F-count equal to 0.0080 and F-table equal to 4.2839. it shows that F-count < F-table, indicating the difference in the variance of the two methods H0: s12 = s22 is accepted because there is no difference to the variability of these two tests and the value of T-count = -3.9717 and T-table = 2.1788 so that T-count <T-table is accepted because there is no difference in the average accuracy of the two methods H0: M1 = M2.  

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