scholarly journals Pretreatment optimization process of cotton to overcome the limits of its dyeability with indigo carmine

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Abdelileh ◽  
Manel Ticha ◽  
Ibtissem Moussa ◽  
Nizar Meksi
Keyword(s):  
Indigo Carmine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Dyeing Parameters

Cationization of cotton is emerging as an effective approach that solves problems associated with dyeing cellulosic fibers, especially cotton, by using indigo carmine. Indeed, this dye has no affinity for cellulosic fibers. Also, it has low fastness to light and washing. In this research, cotton modification is carried out by using Sera Fast GMX cationic agent in order to improve the yield of the exhaustion dyeing process by indigo carmine. The physical and chemical properties of unmodified cellulose fibers, as well as cationic modified cellulose fibers, were compared and investigated by SEM, FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of the cationization process conditions, namely cationizing agent concentration, temperature of cationization, time of cationization and alkali concentration on the performances of dyeing of cotton by indigo carmine were studied, then the results were assessed by measuring the color strength (K/S) and the dyeing bath exhaustion E(%). Finally, a Box-Behnken experimental plan was used for experimental design and optimization of the dyeing parameters. The dyeing results of the optimized process conditions illustrate that cationization improves the fabric dyeability compared to the untreated cotton and the different fastness properties.

Phase equilibria modeling of biorefinery-related systems: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos L. Corazza ◽  
Julia Trancoso
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Waste Reuse ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Fuel Substitution ◽  
The Subject

Abstract The search for sustainable ideas has gained prominence in recent decades at all levels of society since it has become imperative an economic, social, and environmental development in an integrated manner. In this context, biorefineries are currently present as the technology that best covers all these parameters, as they add the benefits of waste reuse, energy cogeneration, and fossil fuel substitution. Thus, the study of the various applicable biological matrices and exploring the technical capabilities of these processes become highly attractive. Thermodynamic modeling acts in this scenario as a fundamental tool for phase behavior predictions in process modeling, design, and optimization. Thus, this work aimed to systematize, using the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews, the information published between 2010 and 2020 on phase equilibria modeling in systems related to biorefineries to organize what is already known about the subject. As a result, 236 papers were categorized in terms of the year, country, type of phase equilibria, and thermodynamic model used. Also, the phase behavior predictions of different thermodynamic models under the same process conditions were qualitatively compared, establishing PC-SAFT as the model that best represents the great diversity of interest systems for biorefineries in a wide range of conditions.

Natural paper-layered composites with air barrier properties achieved by coating with bacterial cellulose

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9569-9574
Author(s):  
Marta Kaźmierczak ◽  
Tomasz P. Olejnik ◽  
Magdalena Kmiotek
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Layered Composites ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers ◽  
Biodegradable Packaging ◽  
Cellulose Pulp

In some respects the safest food packaging material is paper that is completely free of chemical additives, made only from primary cellulosic fibers. There is no information in the literature on giving paper barrier properties using nanocellulose without any additives, especially bacterial cellulose, by applying a coating to a fibrous semi-product. In order to prepare paper-layered composites, paper sheets made of beaten or non-beaten softwood or hardwood cellulose pulp, or their 50/50 (wt./wt.) mix, were used in the experiment. After the application of bacterial cellulose onto the sheets, the paper became completely impermeable to air, which means that fine microbial fibers had filled the voids (pores) between plant cellulose fibers. The results of the experiment could be regarded as a perfect, biodegradable packaging material.

Design and Optimization of the Preparation of Calcium Carbonate from Calcium Sulfate and Ammonium Bicarbonate

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 611-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingcai Zhao ◽  
Xingfu Song ◽  
Ze Sun ◽  
Yanxia Xu ◽  
Jianguo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Factor Effect

Abstract Simulation on single factor effect was used for the design and optimization of the preparation of calcium carbonate from calcium sulfate (DH) and ammonium bicarbonate. This study shows that simulation on single factor effect is effective because the experimental results are close to predicted results. Furthermore, response surface method based on a central composite design was used to determine the range of parameters to achieve a highly efficient conversion of DH. The results indicate that the significant parameters that affected the conversion of DH were ratio of carbon to sulfur, temperature, concentration of ammonium bicarbonate, and stirring speed. The strength order of factors is as follows: ratio of carbon to sulfur > concentration of ammonium bicarbonate > stirring speed > temperature. A quadratic polynomial equation was established using multiple regression analysis. The optimum parameters were determined as follows: 2.10 for ratio of carbon to sulfur, 320.35 K for temperature, 337.31 rpm for the stirring speed, and 1.75 mol · L−1 for bicarbonate concentration. The corresponding conversion rate of the experimental result was 99.7%, which was highly consistent with the predicted value of 99.9%. Based on model and the optimum parameters, products of vaterite, with ammonium sulfate crystal of grade A, can be obtained. Equipotential lines of conversional rate and desired process conditions were provided as well.

Effects of ozone and chlorine dioxide on the chemical properties of cellulose fibers

2004 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 1219-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lemeune ◽  
H. Jameel ◽  
H.-M. Chang ◽  
J. F. Kadla
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Fibers

Birefringence of native cellulosic fibers. I. Untreated cotton and ramie

1968 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1747-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Krishna Iyer ◽  
P. Neelakantan ◽  
T. Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Cellulosic Fibers ◽  
Untreated Cotton

scholarly journals Desulfurization Of The Dibenzothiophene (DBT) By Using Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids(Ils)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bilal Kazmi ◽  
Awan Zahoor ◽  
Hashmi Saud ◽  
Zafar Khan Ghouri
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Model Diesel

In this work we examined the industrial scale extraction process of ultra-low sulfur diesel with the help of simulation software ASPEN Plus®. This work focuses on the [Cnmim] [BF4] (imidazolium-based) ionic liquid and employed it in the extractive desulfurization of the dibenzothiophene (DBT) from the model diesel fuel under a very mild process condition. UNIFAC (uniquasi functional activity) was chosen as the thermodynamic method to model the ionic liquid on ASPEN Plus® and different physical and chemical properties were then taken from the literature to be incorporated in the simulation model. Different parametric analysis was studied for the removal of thiophene-based compounds from the model diesel. The results acquired shows the significance of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) for the extraction of S-contents from the liquid fuels at an optimal process conditions of 40 ℃ and 2 bar pressure with the 2.8: 1 ratio of ionic liquid and model diesel which validates the experimental results obtained previously in the literature.

scholarly journals Nano-Cellulosic Fibers from Agricultural Wastes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozieana Khairuddin ◽  
Md. Bazlul Mobin Siddique ◽  
Mohammad Sobri Merais ◽  
Nurul Husna Che Hamzah ◽  
Dayangku Nurshahirah Awang Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers ◽  
Cellulose Nanomaterials

In recent years, the potential of agricultural wastes has received increasing attention from academia and industry. The aim has been to identify strategies for the conversion of low-value wastes into new materials and other value-added products. Cellulose is a naturally abundant polymer that is readily available in various agricultural wastes. It is a linear polymer consisting of β-D-glucopyranose units (disaccharides) joined by glycosidic β-1,4 bonds. Nanoparticles can be extracted from cellulose fibers using a top-down mechanically or chemically treatment. Cellulose nanomaterials have generated significant interest due to their intrinsic properties such as large surface-to-volume ratios, high tensile strength, stiffness, and flexibility in addition to good dynamic mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. The use of nanocellulose for reinforcement in matrices improves thermo-mechanical properties, decreases the sensitivity of polymers to water, and preserves biodegradability. The mixing of nanocellulose with polysaccharides improves mechanical properties. Nano-sized cellulose fibers possess unique physical, chemical, and morphological characteristics. Hence, nano-sized cellulose fibers are considered versatile materials for addition to polymers, and application in high gas barriers and packaging materials. Other uses include electronic devices, foods, medicine, cosmetics, and health care. This chapter focuses on the cellulose nanofibers attained from banana, pineapple and corn-based agricultural wastes.

Assessment of Physical and Chemical Aspects of New Persian Walnut Cultivars to Optimize Process Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mousavi ◽  
Mohammad Ghahderijani ◽  
Ahmad Dadashpour
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Persian Walnut ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Mass Volume ◽  
Palmitic Acids ◽  
Static Coefficient

This paper describes comparative analysis some of physical and chemical properties of novel Persian walnut cultivars (cv. Urmia and Toyserkan) grown in Iran. The physical properties in terms of linear dimensions, geometric mean diameter, mass, volume, sphericity, surface area, true and bulk densities, porosity, repose angle, shell ratio and static coefficient of friction of nuts and kernels of the walnut cultivars were determined. The highest fat (66.1%), dietary fiber (4.8%), protein (16.33%), potassium (311mg 100g-1) and magnesium (97.5mg 100g-1) contents were obtained in Urmia cultivar (14.92%). Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid, followed by oleic, linolenic and palmitic acids. Amino acid composition analyses indicated that acidic amino acids were the most prominent group with a range from 31.06% (Toyserkan cultivar) to 31.09% (Urmia cultivar).

Chemical Modification Treatments on Extra-Long Egyptian Cotton Fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Moisture Regain ◽  
Egyptian Cotton ◽  
Color Components

The efficiency of physical and chemical properties on Extra-long stable Egyptian cotton fiber Giza 96 at different treatment processes with two concentrations of morpholine comparing with conventional treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was investigated. The sample was pretreated with ferrous sulfate before dyeing with direct dye or natural dye. Physical properties as tensile strength (g/tex), elongation %, fiber length (UHM, and U.I), micronaire reading, reflectance (Rd %), and yellowness (+b) as well as chemical properties as crystallinity degree, moisture regain, accessibility, color strength (K/S), color components and color difference (?E) was also investigated. The results show that the chemical modified cotton fiber with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were increased amorphous cellulose %, moisture regain %, accessibility %, fiber uniformity index (U.I) %, elongation %, and micronaire reading compared with morpholine treatments. On the other hand, tensile strength, and fiber length (U.H.M), decreased with a little degree values in morpholine treatments comparing with sodium hydroxide. Improvement in color strength (K/S), and color components was observed using morpholine instead of NaOH. These results were important for finishing textile production and textile industry.

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