scholarly journals The potential of cluster development and the role of cluster support policies in Latvia

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (191) ◽  
pp. 35-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Boronenko ◽  
Zane Zeibote
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Cluster Development ◽  
Cluster Identification

The objective of this paper is to examine the role of institutional and policy support for cluster development, and the competitive advantages of regions based on regional labour force concentration. The tool of cluster identification in regional economies - Location Quotient (LQ) - has been applied to measure the concentration of the labour force in the main economic sectors of Latvia and Finland. This comparative analysis has shown that Finland has much stronger regional labour force concentration in certain sectors of the economy, which is not typical for Latvia and reveals that the regional economy of Latvia has much lower potential for cluster development and competitiveness in global markets. The results of this research confirm that governments should support cluster development to achieve sustainable long-term development based on natural growth poles, exploiting the potential of regional comparative advantages such as specific concentration of skills and knowledge (labour force), concentration of industries, natural resources, etc., but not concentrate on short-term priorities in cluster development.

Creative Economies and their Role in Territorial Systems Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Andreea Karina Gruia ◽  
Radu-Daniel Pintilii ◽  
Marian Marin
Keyword(s):  
Systems Development ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Territorial Unit ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
Territorial Systems

Abstract Creative economies are today one of the fastest-growing economic sectors and an impressive transforming force, than can contribute to increasing territorial, regional or national competitiveness and, therefore, to economic growth and long-term development. The study aims to analyze the contribution of creative economies to the local and regional economy. Quantification of the role of creative economies in the economic profile was made by creating a database, at the level of administrative-territorial unit, with the main economic indicators (number of companies, number of employees, turnover and profit) for the creative economies, according to the NACE classification (Classification of National Economy Activities), for the period 2000-2016. The database was also used for the evolution of the ranks held by each economic sector for the analyzed period and for the development of trend matrices on the evolution of the above indicators, at the four-digit NACE code. The result highlight the importance of creative sector in the dynamics of local and regional economies of the territorial systems.

scholarly journals LEADING SECTOR AND ABSORPTION OF LABOR (Sektor Unggulan Dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja )

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail A Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
High Employment ◽  
Communication Sector ◽  
Multidimensional Process

Abstract Development must be viewed as a multidimensional process that includes a variety of fundamental changes to social structure, attitudes of the community, and national institutions, while continuing to pursue accelerated economic growth, handling income inequality, and alleviating poverty.The expected research objective is to analyze the leading sectors and employment in Gorontalo Regency so that the benefits of this study are expected: 1) as a reference in policy making related to the leading sector development strategy and Manpower Absorption in Gorontalo District, 2) can provide an overview of various potential existing sectors as an option to become workers so that they can provide their income every year in Gorontalo Regency, 3) can provide information and become an opportunity for investment investment which is the biggest part of available labor shelter in Gorontalo District.The Analysis Method used in this study is Location Quotient (LQ) to determine the role of the sector in the reference area (Gorontalo Province). And the results of the study indicate that the results of several economic sectors in Gorontalo Regency have economic (base) advantages: Sector mining and quarrying, Processing Industry Sector, Electricity and Gas Procurement Sector, Construction Sector, Information and Communication Sector, Financial Sector and Sector which have high employment absorption are Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture, Processing Industry Sector. Abstrak Pembangunan harus dipandang sebagai suatu proses multidimensional yang mencakup berbagai perubahan mendasar atas struktur sosial, sikap-sikap masyarakat, dan institusi-institusi nasional, di samping tetap mengejar akselerasi pertumbuhan ekonomi, penanganan ketimpangan pendapatan, serta pengentasan kemisikinan.Adapun tujuan penelitian yang diharapkan adalah untuk menganalisis sektor unggulan dan penyerapan tenaga kerja di Kabupaten Gorontalo sehingga manfaat penelitian ini diharapkan : 1) sebagai acuan dalam pengambilan kebijakan terkait dengan strategi pengembangan sektor unggulan dan Penyerapan tenaga kerja di Kabupaten Gorontalo, 2) dapat memberikan gambaran dari berbagai potensi sektor unggulan yang ada sebagai pilihan untuk menjadi tenaga kerja sehingga dapat memberikan pendapatan mereka pada setiap tahunnya di Kabupaten Gorontalo, 3) dapat memberikan informasi dan menjadi peluang bagi penanaman isvestasi yang menjadi bagian yang terbesar bagi penampungan tenaga kerja yang tersedia di Kabupaten Gorontalo.Metode Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Location Quotient (LQ) untuk menentukan besarnya peranan sektor tersebut pada wilayah referensi (Provinsi Gorontalo).Dan hasil Penelitian menujukkan bahwa telah diperoleh hasil beberapa sektor ekonomi di Kabupaten Gorontalo mempunyai keunggulan ekonomi (basis) adalah :Sektor pertambangan dan penggalian, Sektor Industri Pengolahan, Sektor Pengadaan listrik dan gas, Sektor konstruksi, Sektor Informasi dan komunikasi, Sektor Keuangan dan Sektor yang memiliki kontribusi penyerapan tenaga kerja yang tinggi adalah Sektor Perikanan, Kehutanan dan pertanian, Sektor Sektor Industri Pengolahan.   

THE STUDY OF THE ROLE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN FORMING LONG-TERM COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF BUSINESS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Aleksandrovna Chizhova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
International Market ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Corporate Social

Today social responsibility is becoming an increasingly popular tool for market expansion - the results of numerous researches indicate that the presence or absence of a corporate social responsibility (CSR) policy in an organization has a significant impact on sales. For this reason, the study of the role of CSR in the formation of competitive advantages of companies in the long term in the international market is presented in this article.

Technodata and the Need of a Responsible Industry 4.0

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Tabarés Gutiérrez ◽  
Javier Echeverría Ezponda
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
European Industry

The great transformation that will face European industry is driven by the need of digitizing the entire value chain around manufacturing for creating competitive advantages to maintain a dominant position in the global economy. This new paradigm is commonly known as Industry 4.0, and it has a significant policy support from the European Commission as well as different member states. However, this transition is full of uncertainties as the digitization of industry creates different concerns about employment, privacy, labor rights, and other issues related with this technological revolution. In this chapter, the authors trace back the origins of Industry 4.0 to the Web 2.0 phenomenon as well as they reflect upon the role of technodata and technofactories in a postindustrial society. Finally, they stress the need to reflect about developing a responsible digitization of industry that will consider societal concerns.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN SEGMENT OF THE ARCTIC ZONE AS A REGIONAL MEASUREMENT OF WORLD GEOPOLITICS

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
T.S. Sukhodaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
The World ◽  
Arctic Policy

The article discusses the features of the Arctic zone, its place in the world economy and international relations. The reasons for the intersection of the geopolitical interests of the leading states of the world in this region are revealed. The main directions of scientific and technical cooperation in the development of the Arctic are identified. The role of the Arctic Council in solving the problem of coordinating the interests of various actors in the region is shown. The strategic necessity of the development of the Arctic as a region free of conflicts and rivalry is substantiated. The analysis of the Russian Arctic policy and mechanisms for its implementation. The author substantiates the conclusion that the development of the Russian Arctic zone can become a driving force for the qualitative growth of the national economy, the formation of the country's competitive advantages in the long term, as well as maintaining the global ecological balance and stability.

scholarly journals The Role of Agricultural Policies in Jordan to Mitigate the Effects of COVID-19 on the Agricultural Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Radi A. Tarawneh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Sector Data

Since early 2020, an outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has started to spread in Jordan challenging the sustainability of Jordan’s economic sectors and the agricultural sector. A study was conducted in Jordan to evaluate the role of Jordanian Agricultural Policies to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on the agricultural sector while its full impact on the Jordanian agricultural sector is not yet evident. A scientific questionnaire was distributed to 100 samples of Jordanians who had direct contact with the effect of agricultural policies and they can touch the effect of Coronavirus and Agricultural Policies on the agricultural sector, data selected from farmers, farm labour, fruits and vegetable traders and merchants, and Jordanian citizens were selected randomly from different areas in Jordan. The study summarizes target group opinion and some evidence on the different COVID-19 impacts on the Jordanian agricultural sector. The virus limits the free flow of labour, the agricultural labour force had a slightly decreased in 2020 compared with the year 2019 to about 7%, the country lockdown led to damage of crops due to lack of harvest and/or crop accumulation, as a result, the Jordan Agricultural Contribution to GDP growth rate at current prices was decreased 1.4%, and the growth rate at constant prices was also decreased 1.6%, the exported agricultural commodities value were not affected by COVID-19 pandemic but the imported of Agricultural commodities value was increased. Jordanian government try to facilitate the process of agricultural production and the provision of food during the Corona pandemic through issue agricultural policies and measures to alleviate the effects of the Corona pandemic on the agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Why does a subsidiary need a strategy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
T. V. Lutchenko ◽  
A. I. Khorev ◽  
I. A. Khorev ◽  
V. V. Grigorieva
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Accurate Definition ◽  
Market Niche ◽  
Marketing Service ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Integrated Structures

A feature of the formation of Russian integrated structures is that they were formed by state structures - shareholders - without taking into account the opinion of those enterprises that entered them. However, the enterprises included in these structures would like to benefit from such integration. The basis for the effective operation of an enterprise in the long term is a sustainable competitive advantage, which it can obtain either through low costs or through product differentiation. Since the majority of subsidiaries do not have developed strategies, it becomes necessary to develop such strategies. Additional competitive advantages due to the implementation of focused strategies of the enterprise included in the integrated structures can be obtained only through the establishment of relationships between themselves, as well as enterprises and the parent company. The maximum competitive advantages will be gained by those enterprises as part of integrated structures that will be able to discover and profitably use relationships with other enterprises of this structure, but operating in related areas of activity. The role of the marketing service is also important in the formation of a focused strategy. The necessary market conditions for the implementation of focused strategies are the most accurate definition of consumer needs, the size and prospects of the market segment, a low number of competitors and sufficient resources to serve the segment. The main risks are determined by overflowing the market niche, reducing the differences between the needs of the segment and the entire market, changing prices in the segment towards the general market, penetration into the segment of competitors.

Empathy, Dehumanization, and Misperceptions: A Media Intervention Humanizes Migrants and Increases Empathy for Their Plight but Only if Misinformation About Migrants Is Also Corrected

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110127
Author(s):  
Samantha L. Moore-Berg ◽  
Boaz Hameiri ◽  
Emile G. Bruneau
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Media Intervention ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Erroneous Beliefs ◽  
The Relationship

Anti-migrant policies at the U.S. southern border have resulted in the separation and long-term internment of thousands of migrant children and the deaths of many migrants. What leads people to support such harsh policies? Here we examine the role of two prominent psychological factors—empathy and dehumanization. In Studies 1 and 2, we find that empathy and dehumanization are strong, independent predictors of anti-migrant policy support and are associated with factually false negative beliefs about migrants. In Study 3, we interrogated the relationship between empathy/dehumanization, erroneous beliefs, and anti-migrant policy support with two interventions: a media intervention targeting empathy and dehumanization and an intervention that corrects erroneous beliefs. Both interventions were ineffective separately but reduced anti-migrant policy support when presented together. These results suggest a synergistic relationship between psychological processes and erroneous beliefs that together drive harsh anti-migrant policy support.

Technodata and the Need of a Responsible Industry 4.0

2021 ◽  
pp. 1788-1806
Author(s):  
Raúl Tabarés Gutiérrez ◽  
Javier Echeverría Ezponda
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
European Industry

The great transformation that will face European industry is driven by the need of digitizing the entire value chain around manufacturing for creating competitive advantages to maintain a dominant position in the global economy. This new paradigm is commonly known as Industry 4.0, and it has a significant policy support from the European Commission as well as different member states. However, this transition is full of uncertainties as the digitization of industry creates different concerns about employment, privacy, labor rights, and other issues related with this technological revolution. In this chapter, the authors trace back the origins of Industry 4.0 to the Web 2.0 phenomenon as well as they reflect upon the role of technodata and technofactories in a postindustrial society. Finally, they stress the need to reflect about developing a responsible digitization of industry that will consider societal concerns.

scholarly journals Challenges of Innovation for Chinese Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: Case Study in Beijing

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Mohammed Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Chinese Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Government ◽  
Successful Innovation

<p>Innovation has been regarded as one of important impetuses to gain competitive advantages and achieve sustainable development for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the past thirty years. However, SMEs in China have currently confronted a lot of problems impairing their innovation performance. This study aims to identify the main challenges hindering successful innovation of Chinese SMEs. Based on the previous academic studies, there are five research variables are developed and evaluated: lack of financial support, inadequate research and development (R&amp;D) activities, the shortage of technical and skilled employees, weak entrepreneur orientation, improper governmental and legal environment. Furthermore, the primary data are collected by structured-questionnaires from 120 SMEs in Beijing. According to the research results analyzed by SPSS, it reveals that lack of financial support and inadequate R&amp;D activities are major challenges for Chinese SMEs to achieve innovation. The shortage of technical and skilled employees as well as the improper governmental and legal environment is other barrier. Therefore, more responsibilities and actions should be taken by the government and SMEs themselves to enhance the innovation capability of Chinese SMEs. On the other hand, only one factor—weak entrepreneur orientation, is not regarded as a key challenge. This indicates Chinese entrepreneurs have increasingly realized the significant role of innovation played in the survival and long-term prosperity of SMEs recently.</p>

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