scholarly journals Boolean differential equations: A common model for classes, lattices, and arbitrary sets of Boolean functions

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Steinbach ◽  
Christian Posthoff
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Boolean Functions ◽  
Differential Calculus ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
The Core ◽  
Boolean Equation ◽  
General Difference ◽  
Derivatives Of

The Boolean Differential Calculus (BDC) significantly extends the Boolean Algebra because not only Boolean values 0 and 1, but also changes of Boolean values or Boolean functions can be described. A Boolean Differential Equation (BDe) is a Boolean equation that includes derivative operations of the Boolean Differential Calculus. This paper aims at the classification of BDEs, the characterization of the respective solutions, algorithms to calculate the solution of a BDe, and selected applications. We will show that not only classes and arbitrary sets of Boolean functions but also lattices of Boolean functions can be expressed by Boolean Differential equations. In order to reach this aim, we give a short introduction into the BDC, emphasize the general difference between the solutions of a Boolean equation and a BDE, explain the core algorithms to solve a BDe that is restricted to all vectorial derivatives of f (x) and optionally contains Boolean variables. We explain formulas for transforming other derivative operations to vectorial derivatives in order to solve more general BDEs. New fields of applications for BDEs are simple and generalized lattices of Boolean functions. We describe the construction, simplification and solution. The basic operations of XBOOLE are sufficient to solve BDEs. We demonstrate how a XBooLe-problem program (PRP) of the freely available XBooLe-Monitor quickly solves some BDes.

scholarly journals An Efficient Mathematical Approach for the Fraction Order Differentiation Based on Future Applications of Chaotic Parameter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ghulam Bary ◽  
Waqar Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Riaz Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Farooq Saleem Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Quantum Measurement ◽  
Chaotic Systems ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
The Core ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Chaotic Parameter

Normalized chaotic parameters examine the characterization of the particle production fluids produced at unusual energies and investigate a remarkable behavior in quantum measurement. The analogous characterization can be analyzed to probe the chaotic systems of boson particles creating sources of extraordinary energy. We observe that the bosons appear to be the appropriate aspirants of chaos fractions, and the normalized chaotic parameters evaluate the presence of such conglomerate phases significantly. The core point of this manuscript is that we calculate and examine the normalized chaotic parameters by differential equations to analyze the characteristics of the chaotic systems and their applications in thermal as well as in mechanical engineering. With such an efficient and distinctive approach, we perceive significant consequences for the correlator at higher temperature regimes.

Aspectual features in Role and Reference Grammar

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Cortés Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Functional Projection ◽  
Role And Reference Grammar ◽  
The Core ◽  
Reference Grammar ◽  
Event Structures

The kernel of the semantic representation of a predicate in Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) is based on its characterization in terms of an Aktionsart typology based on Vendler’s (1957) classes plus some additional elements from Smith (1997) and Dowty (1979). This means that event structures are mainly considered a lexical phenomenon pertaining to predicates, and only occasionally higher predicational structures are considered in event construction. Even though this approach is adequate to a great extent, there are still some problems in the approach taken in RRG. The most significant drawback is that non-lexical aspects appear intermingled with predicate-only features, which leads to misinterpretations and misclassifications of predicates. Consequently, it sees more sensible to bring a functional model of grammar like RRG to a compromise position and, thus, consider in what ways different units identified as belonging to the different layers in RRG’s syntactic projections ‘conspire’ in the final aspectual characterization of events. In this line, this paper will propose a classification of aspectual features in terms of the levels found in the functional projection of the clause as devised in RRG, namely the Predicate Level (the domain of Aktionsart typology), the Nucleus (where morphological aspect has scope) and the Core (the locus for what will be described as ‘aspectuality’ features).

scholarly journals Some Fundamental Results on Fuzzy Conformable Differential Calculus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-61
Author(s):  
Awais Younus ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Usama Atta ◽  
Tehmina Bashir ◽  
Thabet Abdeljawad
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Differential Calculus ◽  
Conformable Derivative ◽  
Fuzzy Calculus ◽  
Conformable Calculus ◽  
Derivatives Of

In this paper, we combine fuzzy calculus, and conformable calculus to introduce the fuzzy conformable calculus. We define the fuzzy conformable derivative of order $2\Psi $ and generalize it to derivatives of order $p\Psi $. Several properties on difference, product, sum, and addition of two fuzzy-valued functions are provided which are used in the solution of the fuzzy conformable differential equations. Also, examples in each case are given to illustrate the utility of our results.

scholarly journals Classes of bent functions identified by specific normal forms and generated using Boolean differential equations

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Steinbach ◽  
Christian Posthoff
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Boolean Functions ◽  
Differential Calculus ◽  
Normal Forms ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Bent Functions ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Complexity Classes ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims at the identification of classes of bent functions in order to allow their construction without searching or sieving. In order to reach this aim, we studied first the relationship between bent functions and complexity classes defined by the Specific Normal Forms of all Boolean functions. As result of this exploration we found classes of bent functions which are embedded in different complexity classes defined by the Specific Normal Form. In the second step to reach our global aim, we utilized the found classes of bent functions in order to express bent functions in terms of derivative operations of the Boolean Differential Calculus. In detail, we studied bent functions of two and four variables. This exploration leads finally to Boolean differential equations that will allow the direct calculation of all bent functions of two and four variables. A given generalization allows to calculate subsets of bent functions for each even number of Boolean variables.

scholarly journals Mobility of Plasmids

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Smillie ◽  
M. Pilar Garcillán-Barcia ◽  
M. Victoria Francia ◽  
Eduardo P. C. Rocha ◽  
Fernando de la Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Type Iv Secretion ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Secretion Systems ◽  
The Core ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Large Plasmids ◽  
Identification And Characterization

SUMMARY Plasmids are key vectors of horizontal gene transfer and essential genetic engineering tools. They code for genes involved in many aspects of microbial biology, including detoxication, virulence, ecological interactions, and antibiotic resistance. While many studies have decorticated the mechanisms of mobility in model plasmids, the identification and characterization of plasmid mobility from genome data are unexplored. By reviewing the available data and literature, we established a computational protocol to identify and classify conjugation and mobilization genetic modules in 1,730 plasmids. This allowed the accurate classification of proteobacterial conjugative or mobilizable systems in a combination of four mating pair formation and six relaxase families. The available evidence suggests that half of the plasmids are nonmobilizable and that half of the remaining plasmids are conjugative. Some conjugative systems are much more abundant than others and preferably associated with some clades or plasmid sizes. Most very large plasmids are nonmobilizable, with evidence of ongoing domestication into secondary chromosomes. The evolution of conjugation elements shows ancient divergence between mobility systems, with relaxases and type IV coupling proteins (T4CPs) often following separate paths from type IV secretion systems. Phylogenetic patterns of mobility proteins are consistent with the phylogeny of the host prokaryotes, suggesting that plasmid mobility is in general circumscribed within large clades. Our survey suggests the existence of unsuspected new relaxases in archaea and new conjugation systems in cyanobacteria and actinobacteria. Few genes, e.g., T4CPs, relaxases, and VirB4, are at the core of plasmid conjugation, and together with accessory genes, they have evolved into specific systems adapted to specific physiological and ecological contexts.

Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Derivatives of Benzotriazole and Piperidine

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
Selvarathy Grace P ◽  
Ravindran Durainayagam B ◽  
Pon Matheswari P.
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Characterization ◽  
Derivatives Of

scholarly journals Deep Learning Model Comparison for Vision-Based Classification of Full/Empty-Load Trucks in Earthmoving Operations

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Liu ◽  
Chen Feng ◽  
Zida Song ◽  
Joseph Louis ◽  
Jian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dump Trucks ◽  
Deep Learning Model ◽  
Contact Field

Earthmoving is an integral civil engineering operation of significance, and tracking its productivity requires the statistics of loads moved by dump trucks. Since current truck loads’ statistics methods are laborious, costly, and limited in application, this paper presents the framework of a novel, automated, non-contact field earthmoving quantity statistics (FEQS) for projects with large earthmoving demands that use uniform and uncovered trucks. The proposed FEQS framework utilizes field surveillance systems and adopts vision-based deep learning for full/empty-load truck classification as the core work. Since convolutional neural network (CNN) and its transfer learning (TL) forms are popular vision-based deep learning models and numerous in type, a comparison study is conducted to test the framework’s core work feasibility and evaluate the performance of different deep learning models in implementation. The comparison study involved 12 CNN or CNN-TL models in full/empty-load truck classification, and the results revealed that while several provided satisfactory performance, the VGG16-FineTune provided the optimal performance. This proved the core work feasibility of the proposed FEQS framework. Further discussion provides model choice suggestions that CNN-TL models are more feasible than CNN prototypes, and models that adopt different TL methods have advantages in either working accuracy or speed for different tasks.

scholarly journals Morphological and Ultrastructural Characterization of Hemocytes in an Insect Model, the Hematophagous Dipetalogaster maxima (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Natalia R. Moyetta ◽  
Fabián O. Ramos ◽  
Jimena Leyria ◽  
Lilián E. Canavoso ◽  
Leonardo L. Fruttero
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Controversial Aspect

Hemocytes, the cells present in the hemolymph of insects and other invertebrates, perform several physiological functions, including innate immunity. The current classification of hemocyte types is based mostly on morphological features; however, divergences have emerged among specialists in triatomines, the insect vectors of Chagas’ disease (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Here, we have combined technical approaches in order to characterize the hemocytes from fifth instar nymphs of the triatomine Dipetalogaster maxima. Moreover, in this work we describe, for the first time, the ultrastructural features of D. maxima hemocytes. Using phase contrast microscopy of fresh preparations, five hemocyte populations were identified and further characterized by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. The plasmatocytes and the granulocytes were the most abundant cell types, although prohemocytes, adipohemocytes and oenocytes were also found. This work sheds light on a controversial aspect of triatomine cell biology and physiology setting the basis for future in-depth studies directed to address hemocyte classification using non-microscopy-based markers.

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