scholarly journals Line X tester analysis of morphophysiological traits and their correlations with seed yield and oil content in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Genetika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Hladni ◽  
Dragan Skoric ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Average Contribution ◽  
F1 Generation

One of the primary tasks of sunflower breeding is the development of inbred lines by interspecific hybridization for the purpose of obtaining high-yielding, stable hybrids that are characterized by altered plant appearance and the ability to produce a higher number of plants per unit area under intensive agriculture conditions. Studied in this paper by the line x tester method were seven new divergent cms inbred lines (A) lines, three Rf restorers utilized as testers, and 21 F1 hybrids developed. Significant differences in the mean values of all the traits studied were observed. Highly significant GCA and SCA values were obtained for petiole length (PL) and total leaf area per plant (TLA). The nonadditive component of genetic variance played the main role in the inheritance of both these traits. This was confirmed by the GCA/SCA ratios for PL and LA in the F1 generation, which were below the value of one (0.43 and 0.07, respectively). The greatest average contribution to the expression of PL (49.9%) and TLA (57.1%) was found in the female A lines. A positive correlation was found between seed yield (SY) and PL (0.374*) and TLA (0.630**), while seed oil content (SOC) and TLA were found to be negatively correlated (-0.520**). The findings of this study can be used in the development of new high-yielding sunflower hybrids with high yields based on interspecific hybridization.

scholarly journals Heterosis for seed yield and yield components in sunflower

Genetika ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Hladni ◽  
Dragan Skoric ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Fertility Restorers ◽  
Agronomically Important Traits

The development of new high-yielding and stable sunflower hybrids based on interspecific hybridization requires information on the heterotic effects for agronomically important traits in the F, generation. Heterotic effects for seed yield, plant height and head diameter were studied in interspecific sunflower hybrids developed by the line x tester method. The female inbred lines were developed by interspecific hybridization, while the male restorer inbreds with good combining abilities were used as testers in the form of fertility restorers. F, hybrids were obtained by crossing each tester with each female inbred. The inbred lines and their F, hybrids differed significantly in their mean values of the traits under study. Heterosis values for seed yield per plant were positive and highly significant relative to both the parental mean (98.4-274.1%) and the better parent (54.8-223.2%). Significantly less heterosis was recorded in the case of plant height relative to parental mean (19.0-66.0%) and better parent (-3.9-51.6%). With head diameter, the heterotic effect ranged from 19.0 to 55.6% (parental mean) and from 7.8 to 36.6% (better parent). The results of this study may be used for the development of new high-yielding and stable sunflower hybrids based on interspecific hybridization.

scholarly journals Mode of inheritance and combining ability for plant height and head diameter in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Hladni ◽  
Vladimir Miklic ◽  
Sinisa Jocic ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic ◽  
Dragan Skoric
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
G 12 ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance ◽  
F1 Generation

The development of sunflower hybrids with high genetic potential for seed and oil yields requires information on the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for plant height and head diameter in the F1 generation. Used in this study were thirteen new divergent cms inbred lines (A), three Rf restorers utilized as testers, and their F1 hybrids. The inbred A-lines, Rf-testers and F1 hybrids differed significantly in the mean values for plant height and head diameter. The mode of inheritance for plant height was superdominance of the better parent and for head diameter it was dominance and superdominance of the better parent. Highly significant positive values of GCA for both traits were found in cms inbred line NS-G-7 and restorer line RHA-N-49. Based on the GCA values chosen were lines with the best GCA for plant height (NS-G-9, NS-G-7) originating from PRA-RUN and head diameter (NS-G-13, NS-G-12) originating from DES. The greatest highly significant positive SCA value was found in NS-G-1xRHA-N-49 for plant height and in NS-G-8xRUS-RF-OL-168 for head diameter. Non-additive genetic variance played the main role in the inheritance of both traits as confirmed by the GCA/SCA ratios in the F1 generation, which were invariably smaller than unit. The female A lines had the highest contribution to the expression of head diameter and plant height.

scholarly journals Study of Per Se Performance and Heterosis for Seed Yield and Component Traits in Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-416
Author(s):  
B.B. Chauhan ◽  
R. A. Gami ◽  
K. P. Prajapati ◽  
J. R. Patel ◽  
R.N. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Parental Genotype ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Parental Combination ◽  
Positive Heterosis

The phenomenon of heterosis has provided the most important genetic tools in improving yield of crop plants. Identification of specific parental combination capable of producing the highest level of heterotic effects in F1 has immense value for commercial exploitation of heterosis. The experimental material consisted of eight parents (including check G.TIL 4) and their 28 half-diallel crosses. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences due to genotypes for all the traits. On the basis of mean values, the parents G.TIL 10, G.TIL 4 and SKT 1607 recorded maximum seed yield per plant. G.TIL 10 was top ranking for number of effective branches per plant. This parental genotype also expressed good performance for various yield components, viz., number of seed per capsule, harvest index (%) and oil content (%).The parent SKT 1608 found better for earliness, dwarfness and 1000 seed weight (g). While in case of hybrids, SKT 1608 × SKT 12-2, SKT 1608 × G.TIL 2 and SKT 1607 × G.TIL 2 were the best for seed yield per plant. Among the 28 F1 hybrids, SKT 1608 × SKT 12-2 and SKT 1608 × G.TIL 2 manifested significant positive heterosis for seed yield per plant over better parent and standard check (G.TIL 4) These two crosses also exhibited either of the significant positive heterosis for various component traits viz., plant height (cm), capsule length (cm), number of seed per capsule, harvest index (%), 1000 seed weight (g), oil content (%) and leaf area per plant (cm2).

Genetic variability in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
R. K. Gupta ◽  
V. K. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Mean

The data were recorded on five random selected plants for 12 quantitative characters and statistical analyzed. The analysis of variance for all the twelve characters is showed the mean square due to genotypes was highly significant. The mean values of various characters like days to 50 per cent flowering were recorded maximum for genotype IC560719 and Pusa Karishma (84.00 days)with mean 69.08 days The maximum days to 75% maturity were observed in IC-560700 genotype (142.00 days) with a mean of 135.07 days. The plant height highest recorded in the genotype IC-560696 (217.60 cm) with mean of 188.14 cm. The maximum number of primary branches per plant (16.47) was recorded in the genotype NPJ-113 with mean of 10.13. The genotype NPJ-113 produced maximum number of secondary branches per plant (35.47) with mean of 19.78. The maximum length of siliqua was recorded for Kranti (7.03) with mean of 5.24cm. The maximum number of seeds per siliqua was recorded in Kranti genotype (19.13) with mean value 14.91. The maximum 1000-seed weight recorded 5.57g for Pusa Jai Kisan with mean wt. 3.96 g. Pusa Mustard-21 produced highest biological yield (191.13g) with mean 79.00g. The genotype Pusa Jagannath had maximum harvest index (30.98%) with mean value 23.87%. The oil content in mustard maximum in 42.00 % were recorded in Pusa Agrani with mean oil content was 39.16 percent. The genotype Pusa Mustard-21 showed highest seed yield per plant (47.00g) with a mean seed yield of 18.58. The higher heritability estimates in broad sense for biological yield per plant (99.6%), number of primary branches per plant (91.4%), number of secondary branches per plant (98.4) plant height (99.2%), 1000-seed weight (99.4%) and days to 50 per cent flowering (98.5). Expected genetic advance at 5% selection intensity was recorded higher for biological yield per plant (71.60) and number secondary branches per plant (10.87).

scholarly journals DESIGNING SCHEMES FOR SEED PRODUCTION OF SPRING RAPE F1 HYBRIDS BASED ON CMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Nina Markelova ◽  
Albina Vlasova ◽  
Vsevolod Cherepanov ◽  
Vladimir Karpachev
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Ogura Cytoplasm ◽  
Spring Rape ◽  
Hybrid Forms ◽  
Sterile Hybrids

As the result of the research conducted in 2018–2020 at the All-Russian Rapeseed Research Institute, a scheme of primary seed farming of self-pollinated lines and F1 hybrids of spring rape has been developed, over 45 varieties have been created, including self-pollinated lines, simple interline and three-line hybrids. A comparative appraisal of spring rape inbred lines (female parents) and hybrids of the two most common systems of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) – Polima (LHS-1, LMS-1, LMS-2) and Ogura (LCS-4, LCS-5, LCS-6), was made. Yield traits distinctiveness in simple sterile hybrids of Polima and Ogura types was studied; it has been asserted that when compared to inbred maternal lines the traits predominate in hybrids, the indices are higher by 24.8% in the hybrids based on sterile Ogura cytoplasm and by 10.7% in the hybrids on sterile Polima cytoplasm. In our studies, self-pollinated lines, the maternal components of the hybrids, are inferior to the hybrids in terms of crude fat content in seeds, it is 6.5% lower than in the hybrid forms for the CMS Pol system and 17.3% lower for the forms of the CMS Ogu system. It was determined that the seed yield of CMS systems hybrids of Ogura type is on average 22.0% higher than the seed yield of Polima hybrids. The starting material for primary seed production of rapeseed hybrids based on CMS has been developed.

Mean performance, range and analysis of variance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Amit Tomar ◽  
Manish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Mahak Singh
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The analysis of variance based on mean values of 10 characters namely, day to flower, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliquae, 1000-seed weight (g), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g) were studied for testing the significance of differences among the treatments. The mean sum of squares for all the characters. Highly significant differences were recorded among all the treatments for all the 10 characters except number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, days to maturity and oil content.

scholarly journals Effect of Meiotic Polyploidisation on Selected Morphological and Anatomical Traits in Interspecific Hybrids of Brassica oleracea × B. napus

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Marasek-Ciolakowska ◽  
Piotr Kamiński ◽  
Małgorzata Podwyszyńska ◽  
Urszula Kowalska ◽  
Michał Starzycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
F2 Hybrids ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Head Cabbage ◽  
F1 Generation

In Brassica, interspecific hybridisation plays an important role in the formation of allopolyploid cultivars. In this study, the ploidy of F1 and F2 generations resulting from interspecific hybridisation between B. oleracea inbred lines of head cabbage (B. oleracea L. var. capitata) (2n = 18) and kale (B. oleracea L. var. acephala) (2n = 18) with inbred lines of rapeseed (B. napus L.) (2n = 38) was examined by flow cytometry analysis and chromosome observation. Furthermore, the effect of meiotic polyploidisation on selected phenotypic and anatomical traits was assessed. The F1 hybrids of head cabbage × rapeseed (S3) and kale × rapeseed crosses (S20) were allotriploids with 2n = 28 chromosomes, and nuclear DNA amounts of 1.97 (S3) and 1.99 pg (S20). These values were intermediate between B. oleracea and B. napus. In interspecific hybrids of the F2 generation, which were derived after self-pollination of F1 hybrids (FS3, FS20) or by open crosses between F1 generation hybrids (FC320, FC230), the chromosome numbers were similar 2n = 56 or 2n = 55, whereas the genome sizes varied between 3.81 (FS20) and 3.95 pg 2C (FC230). Allohexaploid F2 hybrids had many superior agronomic traits compared to parental B. napus and B. oleracea lines and triploid F1 hybrids. In the generative stage, they were characterised by larger flowers and flower elements, such as anthers and lateral nectaries. F2 hybrids were male and female fertile. The pollen viability of F2 hybrids was comparable to parental genotypes and varied from 75.38% (FS3) to 88.24% (FC320), whereas in triploids of F1 hybrids only 6.76% (S3) and 13.46% (S20) of pollen grains were fertile. Interspecific hybrids of the F2 generation derived by open crosses between plants of the F1 generation (FC320, FC230) had a better ability to set seed than F2 hybrids generated from the self-pollination of F1 hybrids. In the vegetative stage, F2 plants had bigger and thicker leaves, larger stomata, and significantly thicker layers of palisade and spongy mesophyll than triploids of the F1 generation and parental lines of B. oleracea and B. napus. The allohexaploid F2 hybrids analysed in this study can be used as innovative germplasm resources for further breeding new vegetable Brassica crops at the hexaploid level.

scholarly journals Line X tester analysis for yield components in sunflower and their correlations with seed yield (Helianthus annuus L.)

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Hladni ◽  
Dragan Skoric ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic ◽  
Sinisa Jocic ◽  
Nenad Dusanic
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Interspecies Hybridization ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Yield Formation

The creation of new sunflower hybrids with high genetic potential for seed yield on the basis of interspecies hybridization requires a possession of the information about the mode of inheritance and the combining abilities of the created inbreed lines for the total seed number per head and the mass of 100 seeds. Apart from this the research of interdependence between yield components and seed yield allows the defining of traits which have the biggest influence on the yield formation. Significant differences were found among the A lines, Rf testers and their F1 hybrids in total seed number per head and the mass of 100 seeds. Analysis of variance of the combining abilities revealed highly significant differences for GCA and SCA. Highly significant positive value GCA was demonstrated by A-line NS-GS-5 for both traits. Hybrid NS-GS-5xRHA-R- PL-2/1 has the highest significant value SCA for both traits. The main role in inheritance of the total seed number per head and the mass of 100 seeds is played by non additive component of the genetic variance which is confirmed by the GCA/SCA relation in F1 generation that is less than one (0.11, 0.24). Rf-testers had the highest average contribution in the expression of the total seed number per head (55.8%) while for the mass of 100 seeds a more significant contribution was given by A-line (70.6%). A strong positive interdependence has been determined between seed yield and total seed number per head (0.376

Breeding sunflower for semi-arid regions

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Ghanavati ◽  
E. Nahavandi ◽  
A. Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYA breeding programme was initiated to develop populations of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), suitable for the semi-arid regions of Iran. Crosses were made between Chernianka 66 (having low yield, low oil content, short stem, and early maturity), as the female parent and VNIMK 8931 and Record (having high yield, high oil content, long stem, and late maturity) as the male parents. Selection, together with selfing and sib-crossing, resulted in six populations with high yields, high oil content, short stems, and early maturity.Correlation coefficients of oil yield and its components, i.e. seed yield and oil content, were highly significant and significant respectively. Capitulum diameter had highly significant correlations with seed yield and oil yield. Earlier maturity was associated with shorter stems and lower oil content.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis and clustering of Cuphea procumbens inbred lines

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
S.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient ◽  
National Botanical Research Institute ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

15 C. procumbens inbred lines of different eco-geographical origin maintained at National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India were evaluated for seed yield and its 6 component traits to assess genetic divergence among them. The standardized mean values of different traits were subjected to principal component analysis and cluster analysis was performed based on two different clustering strategies i.e. UPGMA and Wards. Ward's method that showed relatively high cophenetic correlation coefficient and significant Wilk's Lambda was identified as the best clustering solution. The first four principal components (PC) with eigenvalues >1 contributed 91.56% of variability among the inbred. First PC was related with fruits/plant and branches/plant; second PC with yield/ plant, seeds/fruit and test weight third PC with plant height; and fourth PC with days to flowering. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters and cluster II was largest with 5 genotypes followed by clusters I, III and Clusters IV, V. Cluster IV exhibited highest mean for seed yield (14.77g) followed by cluster III (14.53g) and the former incorporated inbred lines, NBCP-53 and NBCP-58 that were highly divergent among themselves and from genotypes in other clusters. The inbred in cluster IV and cluster III with good amount of genetic divergence and superior agronomic traits were identified as promising inbred to develop superior recombinants with desirable agronomic traits.

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