scholarly journals Effect of Meiotic Polyploidisation on Selected Morphological and Anatomical Traits in Interspecific Hybrids of Brassica oleracea × B. napus

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Marasek-Ciolakowska ◽  
Piotr Kamiński ◽  
Małgorzata Podwyszyńska ◽  
Urszula Kowalska ◽  
Michał Starzycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
F2 Hybrids ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Head Cabbage ◽  
F1 Generation

In Brassica, interspecific hybridisation plays an important role in the formation of allopolyploid cultivars. In this study, the ploidy of F1 and F2 generations resulting from interspecific hybridisation between B. oleracea inbred lines of head cabbage (B. oleracea L. var. capitata) (2n = 18) and kale (B. oleracea L. var. acephala) (2n = 18) with inbred lines of rapeseed (B. napus L.) (2n = 38) was examined by flow cytometry analysis and chromosome observation. Furthermore, the effect of meiotic polyploidisation on selected phenotypic and anatomical traits was assessed. The F1 hybrids of head cabbage × rapeseed (S3) and kale × rapeseed crosses (S20) were allotriploids with 2n = 28 chromosomes, and nuclear DNA amounts of 1.97 (S3) and 1.99 pg (S20). These values were intermediate between B. oleracea and B. napus. In interspecific hybrids of the F2 generation, which were derived after self-pollination of F1 hybrids (FS3, FS20) or by open crosses between F1 generation hybrids (FC320, FC230), the chromosome numbers were similar 2n = 56 or 2n = 55, whereas the genome sizes varied between 3.81 (FS20) and 3.95 pg 2C (FC230). Allohexaploid F2 hybrids had many superior agronomic traits compared to parental B. napus and B. oleracea lines and triploid F1 hybrids. In the generative stage, they were characterised by larger flowers and flower elements, such as anthers and lateral nectaries. F2 hybrids were male and female fertile. The pollen viability of F2 hybrids was comparable to parental genotypes and varied from 75.38% (FS3) to 88.24% (FC320), whereas in triploids of F1 hybrids only 6.76% (S3) and 13.46% (S20) of pollen grains were fertile. Interspecific hybrids of the F2 generation derived by open crosses between plants of the F1 generation (FC320, FC230) had a better ability to set seed than F2 hybrids generated from the self-pollination of F1 hybrids. In the vegetative stage, F2 plants had bigger and thicker leaves, larger stomata, and significantly thicker layers of palisade and spongy mesophyll than triploids of the F1 generation and parental lines of B. oleracea and B. napus. The allohexaploid F2 hybrids analysed in this study can be used as innovative germplasm resources for further breeding new vegetable Brassica crops at the hexaploid level.

scholarly journals Development and Characteristics of Interspecific Hybrids between Brassica oleracea L. and B. napus L.

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Piotr Kamiński ◽  
Agnieszka Marasek-Ciolakowska ◽  
Małgorzata Podwyszyńska ◽  
Michał Starzycki ◽  
Elżbieta Starzycka-Korbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Head Cabbage

Interspecific hybridization between B. oleracea inbred lines of head cabbage, Brussels sprouts, kale and B. taurica and inbred lines of rapeseed (B. napus L.) were performed aiming at the development of the new sources of genetic variability of vegetable Brassicas. Using conventional crossings and the embryo-rescue techniques the following interspecific hybrids were developed: 11 genotypes of F1 generation, 18 genotypes of F2 and F1 × F2 generations (produced after self- and cross-pollination of interspecific F1 hybrids), 10 plants of the BC1 generation (resulted from crossing head cabbage cytoplasmic male-sterile lines with interspecific hybrids of the F2 and F1 generations) and 8 plants of BC1 × (F1 × F2). No viable seeds of the BC2 generation (B. oleracea) were obtained due to the strong incompatibility and high mortality of embryos. The morphological characteristics during the vegetative and generative stages, pollen characteristics, seed development and propagation, nuclear DNA contents and genome compositions of interspecific hybrids were analyzed. All the interspecific F1 hybrids were male-fertile with a majority of undeveloped and malformed pollen grains. They showed intermediate values for morphological traits and nuclear DNA contents and had nearly triploid chromosomal numbers (27 to 29) compared with parental lines. The F2 generation had a doubled nuclear DNA content, with 52 and 56 chromosomes, indicating their allohexaploid nature. F2 hybrids were characterized by a high heterosis of morphological characteristics, viable pollen and good seed development. F1 × F2 hybrids were male-fertile with a diversified DNA content and intermediate pollen viability. BC1 plants were male-sterile with an intermediate nuclear DNA content between the F2 and head cabbage, having 28 to 38 chromosomes. Plants of the BC1 × (F1 × F2) generation were in majority male-fertile with 38–46 chromosomes, high seed set, high heterosis and intermediate values for morphological traits. The obtained interspecific hybrids are valuable as new germplasm for improving Brassica-breeding programs.

scholarly journals Obtaining interspecific hybrids, and molecular analysis by microsatellite markers in grapevine

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1480-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Ruzza Schuck ◽  
Luiz Antonio Biasi ◽  
Ada Michele Mariano ◽  
Bernardo Lipski ◽  
Summaira Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Vitis Labruscana ◽  
Muscadinia Rotundifolia

The objective of this work was to assess the potential of interspecific hybridization of Vitis labruscana and Muscadinia rotundifolia by using artificial cross-pollinations. Microsatellite markers were used to confirm interspecific hybridizations and the identity of the parental genotypes. In crosses in which M. rotundifolia was used as the female parent, no true hybrids were obtained. In the reciprocal crosses, 114 seedlings were identified as true V. labruscana x M. rotundifolia hybrids. Self pollination occurred in direct and in reciprocal crosses. The crossings between 'Bordo' x 'Carlos', 'Magnolia', 'Regale' and' Roanoke', and between' Isabel' x 'Bountiful', 'Carlos', 'Magnolia', 'Regale' and 'Roanoke' were confirmed. The 15 markers evaluated showed that two M. rotundifolia parental genotypes had the same fingerprint profile, indicating a like lyplanting error. The success of hybridization depends mainly on the species and on the cultivar used as the female parent. Microsatellite markers are efficient to confirm the paternity of interspecific F1 hybrids and to determine the correct identity of M. rotundifolia cultivars.

Interspecific Hybridisation Between Trifolium repens and T. uniflorum

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
KK Pandey ◽  
JE Grant ◽  
EG Williams
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
F2 Hybrids ◽  
Fertile Hybrids

Several partially fertile hybrids (2n = 32) were produced by embryo culture from crosses of the type T. repens (2n = 32) female × T. uniflorum (2n = 32) male . The reciprocal crosses, although giving better seed development in vivo, were less successful in producing viable hybrid plants. Backcrosses to both parent species and F2 hybrids were also produced. Hybrid materials were variable with respect to morphological characteristics but broadly within the expected intermediate range. Their root systems were generally coarser and deeper than that of T. repens, offering the prospect of improved resistance to beetle larvae and drought. One F1 hybrid proved to be highly self-compatible, although derived from self-incompatible parent species. Pollen fertility ranged from 0 to 58% for F1 hybrids, 0 to 13% for F2 hybrids, 0 to 84% for backcrosses to T. repens and 0 to 26% for backcrosses to T. uniflorum. Marked seasonal variations in pollen fertility were also observed. Up to two quadrivalent chromosome associations per pollen mother cell were observed at meiosis in F1 hybrids, indicating some intragenomic pairing of T. repens chromosomes. Quadrivalent associations were also observed in an F2 hybrid and three backcrosses to T. repens.

scholarly journals Inbreeding Depression in Genotypically Matched Diploid and Tetraploid Maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yao ◽  
Sanvesh Srivastava ◽  
Nathan Swyers ◽  
Fangpu Han ◽  
Rebecca W. Doerge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Multiple Generations ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Deleterious Alleles ◽  
Seven Generations

The genetic and molecular basis of heterosis has long been studied but without a consensus about mechanism. The opposite effect, inbreeding depression, results from repeated self-pollination and leads to a reduction in vigor. A popular explanation for this reaction is the homozygosis of recessive, slightly deleterious alleles upon inbreeding. However, extensive studies in alfalfa indicated that inbreeding between diploids and autotetraploids was similar despite the fact that homozygosis of alleles would be dramatically different. The availability of tetraploid lines of maize generated directly from various inbred lines provided the opportunity to examine this issue in detail in perfectly matched diploid and tetraploid hybrids and their parallel inbreeding regimes. Identical hybrids at the diploid and tetraploid levels were inbred in triplicate for seven generations. At the conclusion of this regime, F1 hybrids and selected representative generations (S1, S3, S5, S7) were characterized phenotypically in randomized blocks during the same field conditions. Quantitative measures of the multiple generations of inbreeding provided little evidence for a distinction in the decline of vigor between the diploids and the tetraploids. The results suggest that the homozygosis of completely recessive, slightly deleterious alleles is an inadequate hypothesis to explain inbreeding depression in general.

scholarly journals Development of Self-pollinating and Early-bearing Philippine Makapuno (Cocos nucifera L.) Hybrids

2012 ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Tessie Nuñez ◽  
Edwin Ocoy
Keyword(s):  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Self ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
F2 Hybrids ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L ◽  
High Degree

The makapuno-bearing character found only in the cross-pollinated Laguna Tall coconut variety and the self-pollinating character of dwarf coconuts were combined into new makapuno genotypes through hybridization to limit cross pollination which is a problem among tall makapuno palms. F1 hybrids between Coconiño (CÑO) and tall Makapuno (TMAC) and Tacunan (TAC) x TMAC were early-bearing with high intraspadix overlapping percentages of 85.7% and 70.90, respectively. Mean makapuno yield was 26.8% in CÑO x TMAC and 28.2% in TAC x TMAC indicating the presence of high degree of self-pollination and the dominance of the gene for the trait. ln vitro grown homozygous F2 makapuno palms started flowering at 24 months old. F2 CÑO x TMAC (VMAC 1) had a mean yield of 100% makapuno, 49 to 132 nuts/palm/year and nuts weighing 332 to 750g/dehusked nut. F2 MRD x TMAC (VMAC 2) yielded a mean of 97% makapuno, 63 to 163 nuts/palm/year and nuts weighing 288 to 1,180g each. F2 TAC x TMAC (VMAC5) had 95% makapuno, nuts weighing 736g to 1,975g/ dehusked nut. High makapuno yield of the F2 hybrids affirmed the dominance of the gene for self-pollination in coconut. Ten month-old nuts of the F2s had at least 18 mm thick meat and Lauric acid (C12) content ranging from 47.10% to 48.60%. The three F2 hybrids were registered with the National Seed Industry Council (NSIC) in 2008 as the first homozygous makapuno hybrids in the Philippines.

Changes in the fatty acids in seeds of interspecific hybrids between Brassica napus and Brassica juncea

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. M. Iqbal ◽  
S. R. Weerakoon ◽  
H. D. N. Geethanjalie ◽  
P. K. D. Peiris ◽  
O. V. D. S. J. Weerasena
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Parental Values ◽  
Canola Quality

Mustard (Brassica juncea) accessions from Sri Lanka have a fatty acid profile (FAP) dominated by the undesired erucic acid. Therefore, it is necessary to develop B. juncea lines with canola-quality FAP, carrying reduced erucic acid (<1%) and increased oleic acid (>50%). To improve the FAP, B. juncea accessions were hybridised with spring-type canola (B. napus) varieties grown in Australia. Interspecific crosses between three B. napus cultivars (♂) and B. juncea accessions (♀) gave crossability of 50–65%. Embryo culturing on Lichter medium overcame post-germination barriers to obtain F1 plants. Culturing of ovules 21 days after pollination was successful and embryos were independent of hormones in the culture medium and directly developed into plants. Seeds of interspecific hybrids had a FAP different from parental values, particularly for oleic and erucic acids. The low oleic acid (13%) in B. juncea increased to 23–26% in hybrids and high erucic acid in B. juncea (41%) declined to 21–23% in hybrids. Linoleic and linolenic acids showed little variation from parental values. FAP of F1 hybrids shifted towards that of canola quality. The F2 seeds had zero erucic acid and high oleic acid similar to or exceeding the canola parent. Successful interspecific hybridisation of B. juncea and B. napus was confirmed by altered FAP and molecular markers. Embryo rescue in interspecific hybrids of B. juncea and B. napus is a simple, powerful biotechnological tool to increase genetic diversity and transcend species barriers to transfer desired genes, between the species. By implementing a crossing strategy, there is a potential to improve the FAP of Sri Lankan mustard towards the canola type.

scholarly journals Line X tester analysis of morphophysiological traits and their correlations with seed yield and oil content in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Genetika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Hladni ◽  
Dragan Skoric ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Average Contribution ◽  
F1 Generation

One of the primary tasks of sunflower breeding is the development of inbred lines by interspecific hybridization for the purpose of obtaining high-yielding, stable hybrids that are characterized by altered plant appearance and the ability to produce a higher number of plants per unit area under intensive agriculture conditions. Studied in this paper by the line x tester method were seven new divergent cms inbred lines (A) lines, three Rf restorers utilized as testers, and 21 F1 hybrids developed. Significant differences in the mean values of all the traits studied were observed. Highly significant GCA and SCA values were obtained for petiole length (PL) and total leaf area per plant (TLA). The nonadditive component of genetic variance played the main role in the inheritance of both these traits. This was confirmed by the GCA/SCA ratios for PL and LA in the F1 generation, which were below the value of one (0.43 and 0.07, respectively). The greatest average contribution to the expression of PL (49.9%) and TLA (57.1%) was found in the female A lines. A positive correlation was found between seed yield (SY) and PL (0.374*) and TLA (0.630**), while seed oil content (SOC) and TLA were found to be negatively correlated (-0.520**). The findings of this study can be used in the development of new high-yielding sunflower hybrids with high yields based on interspecific hybridization.

scholarly journals Селекция лука репчатого с устойчивостью к пероноспорозу

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Monakhos ◽  
S.G. Monakhos ◽  
R.R. Alizhanova
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Downy Mildew Resistance ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Molecular Genotyping ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Selection Of

На Селекционной станции имени Н.Н. Тимофеева гибридизацией с донором устойчивости к пероноспорозу F1 Santero, беккроссом, инбридингом и отбором на инфекционном фоне с помощью молекулярного маркера DMR1 создано 15 линий лука репчатого гомозиготного по гену устойчивости Pd1. Оценка в однолетней культуре позволила выделить линии с массой луковиц 100120 г с высокой сохранностью, которые могут быть использованы в селекции F1 гибридов в качестве отцовских компонентов.Fifteen homozygous for Pd1 downy mildew resistance gene onion lines were developed by hybridization followed backcrossing F1 Santero of downy mildew resistant onion accession of European origin and a collection of onion inbred lines from LC Breeding station after N.N. Timofeev. The resistant to downy mildew, caused by Peronospora destructor (Berk.), plants were selected in segregated populations based on disease resistance test and molecular genotyping using DMR1marker. The lines with a mass of bulbs 100 120 g with high preservation, which can be used in the selection of F1 hybrids as paternal components.

scholarly journals Variability and heritability of some onion (Allium cepa L.) characteristics of parental forms, F1 hybrids and F2 generation

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roch W. Doruchowski
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Outer Skin ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
F2 Generation

The object of the studies in 1977 was a population of 15 F<sub>1</sub> hybrids, 11 F<sub>2</sub> progenies and 16 parental forms (8 male-sterile A lines and 8 inbred C lines - Table 2). Variability and heritability of some onion characteristic weight, height diameter of the bulbs and their shape, collar thickness, adherence and color of dry outer skin, bulb firmness, shape of the collar and position of root disc) were studied. Variability and heritability estimates of bulb weight, diameter and shape of the collar were relatively high (30-70%).Variability of the skin thickness was also high, but heritability of this trait was low. The lowest variability and heritability were shown for bulb firmness. The high heritability of some traits indicates the possibility of increasing the effects of selection and improvement, especially of the weight and shape of bulbs.

scholarly journals Reproductive characterization of interspecific hybrids among Capsicum species

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro ◽  
Telma Nair Santana Pereira ◽  
Karina Pereira de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Capsicum Species ◽  
The Cross

The objective of this study was the reproductive characterization of Capsicum accessions as well as of interspecific hybrids, based on pollen viability. Hybrids were obtained between Capsicum species. Pollen viability was high in most accessions, indicating that meiosis is normal, resulting in viable pollen grains. The pollen viability of species C. pubescens was the lowest (27 %). The interspecific hybrids had varying degrees of pollen viability, from fertile combinations (C. chinense x C. frutescens and C. annuum x C. baccatum) to male sterile combinations. Pollen viability also varied within the hybrid combination according to accessions used in the cross. Results indicate that male sterility is one of the incompatibility barriers among Capsicum species since hybrids can be established, but may be male sterile.

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