scholarly journals Genetic variation of Bulgarian autochthonous sheep breeds using microsatellite markers

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-258
Author(s):  
Deyana Hristova ◽  
Stoycho Metodiev ◽  
Vassil Nikolov ◽  
Dimitar Vassilev ◽  
Elena Todorovska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factorial Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
High Level

The aim of the study is focused on the design of a conservation sheep breeding programme for the studied autochthonous breeds based on SSR markers genetic variation analysis applied. Seven local Bulgarian autochthonous sheep breeds (Breznishka, Sofiiska, Copper-Red Shumenska, Karakachanska, Local Karnobatska, Blackhead Plevenska and Starozagorska) were differentiated using six microsatellite (SSR) markers, aiming to assess the genetic variation within and between breeds. Among the total of 96 identified alleles, eighteen population specific ones were detected across the all studied genotypes of 338 individuals, except in the Blackhead Plevenska sheep. All examined breeds indicated high level of genetic diversity, with an average of 0.792. The genetic differentiation between the examined sheep breeds was not significant and the values of genetic distances were relatively low. The analysis of molecular variances (AMOVA) showed low variation between the examined breeds (5.51%) in comparison to within population variation (94.49%). The greatest distance (0.643) was found between the populations Local Karnobatska and Starozagorska, while the smallest one (0.108), between the Copper-Red Shumenska and Karakachanska. The genetic distances calculated by Neighbour-Joining method, produced a phylogenetic tree which separates the investigated sheep breeds into two main clusters: one including Blackhead Plevenska Breznishka and Local Karnobatska, and the other one consisting of the four remaining breeds - Copper-Red Shumenska, Karakachanska, Sofiiska and Starozagorska sheep. The Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA) showed isolation of Local Karnobatska sheep and Starozagorska and an admixture of the other populations.

Genetic variation in Trithuria inconspicua and T. filamentosa (Hydatellaceae): a new subspecies and a hypothesis of apomixis arising within a predominantly selfing lineage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob D. Smissen ◽  
Kerry A. Ford ◽  
Paul D. Champion ◽  
Peter B. Heenan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Minimum Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
High Level

While examining herbarium specimens of Trithuria inconspicua Cheeseman, we observed differences in the stigmatic hairs among plants from New Zealand’s North and South Islands. This motivated us to assess genetic and morphological variation within this species and its sister T. filamentosa Rodway from Tasmania. Samples were collected from lakes in the three disjunct geographic areas where the two species occur. Genetic variation in both species was assessed with simple sequence-repeat (SSR, microsatellite) markers and analyses of genetic distances. We also compared the morphology of northern and southern New Zealand T. inconspicua using fresh material. Samples of each species clustered together in a minimum evolution tree built from genetic distances. Trithuria filamentosa had more genetic diversity than did T. inconspicua. Within T. inconspicua, plants from lakes in the North Island and the South Island formed discrete genetic groups diagnosable by subtle morphological differences. Low levels of heterozygosity in both species are consistent with a high level of selfing, as suggested for other co-sexual Trithuria species, but unusual for a putative apomict. On the basis of genetic and morphological variation, we propose recognition of the northern New Zealand and southern New Zealand lineages of T. inconspicua at subspecies rank.

scholarly journals Simple Sequence Repeat Marker Analysis of Genetic Diversity among Progeny of a Biparental Mapping Population of Sweetpotato

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1143-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benard Yada ◽  
Gina Brown-Guedira ◽  
Agnes Alajo ◽  
Gorrettie N. Ssemakula ◽  
Robert O.M. Mwanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Linkage Analysis ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Population Improvement ◽  
High Level ◽  
Simple Sequence

Genetic diversity is critical in sweetpotato improvement as it is the source of genes for desired genetic gains. Knowledge of the level of genetic diversity in a segregating family contributes to our understanding of the genetic diversity present in crosses and helps breeders to make selections for population improvement and cultivar release. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have become widely used markers for diversity and linkage analysis in plants. In this study, we screened 405 sweetpotato SSR markers for polymorphism on the parents and progeny of a biparental cross of New Kawogo × Beauregard cultivars. Thereafter, we used the informative markers to analyze the diversity in this population. A total of 250 markers were polymorphic on the parents and selected progeny; of these, 133 were informative and used for diversity analysis. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values of the 133 markers ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 with an average of 0.7, an indication of high level of informativeness. The pairwise genetic distances among the progeny and parents ranged from 0.2 to 0.9, and they were grouped into five main clusters. The 133 SSR primers were informative and are recommended for use in sweetpotato diversity and linkage analysis.

scholarly journals Genetic variation among Iranian alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) populations based on RAPD markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Hassan Monirifar ◽  
Jalal Saba ◽  
Mostafa Valizadeh ◽  
Ahmad Razban Haghighi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
High Level

Genetic diversity among and within 10 populations of Iranian alfalfa, from different areas of Azarbaijan, Iran was analyzed by screening DNA from seeds of individual plants and bulk samples. In individual study, 10 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers produced 156 polymorphic bands and a high level of genetic diversity was observed within populations. The averages of total and within population genetic diversity were 0.2349 and 0.1892, respectively. Results of analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed the great genetic variation existed within populations (81.37%). These Results were in agreement with allogamous and polyploid nature of alfalfa. Cluster analysis was performed based on Nei’s genetic distances resulting in grouping into 3 clusters which could separate breeding population from other populations. Results of cluster analysis were in consistent with morphological and geographical patterns of populations. The results of bulk method were different from individual analysis. Our results showed that RAPD analysis is a suitable method to study genetic diversity and relationships among alfalfa populations.Keywords: Alfalfa; RAPD; Genetic diversity; Analysis of Molecular Variance; Cluster analysis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v18i2.9296Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18: (2): 93-104, 2011 (December)

scholarly journals Genetic Variability Assay of Different Natural and Hatchery Populations of Rohu (Labeo rohita) in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Shikder Saiful Islam ◽  
Md. Saifuddin Shah ◽  
Foyez Ibn Shams ◽  
Md. Rayhan Ali ◽  
Md. Lifat Rahi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Population Genetic Variation ◽  
High Level

The level of genetic variation determines the genetic status and provides the raw material for selective improvement of a stock. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to assess the genetic variability of 7 different natural (2) and hatchery (5) populations of Indian Major Carp, Labeo rohita (Rohu) in Bangladsh. In total, 140 fish samples were collected (20 from each of the populations). Genomic DNA was extracted from the muscle tissue, and 5 different oligonucleotide primers were used which revealed 80% polymorphic DNA bands. The polymorphic loci proportions were 0.71, 0.75, 0.75, 0.85, 0.84, 0.86 and 0.89 for Ma-Fatema hatchery, Chowdhuri hatchery, Niribili hatchery, Sonali hatchery, Kapotakha hatchery, the Halda river and the Baluhor Baor populations respectively. The pair-wise population differentiation (FST) values indicated a high level of genetic variation between different populations. The Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) dendogram based on Nei’s genetic distances also revealed high level of inter-population genetic variation among the populations. The populations were segregated into two groups: the Halda River and Baluhar Baor hatchery in one group and Kapotakha, Ma-Fatema, Chowdhuri, Niribili and Sonali hatcheries in another group. Overall, RAPD results clearly indicate the reduced genetic quality of the hatchery seeds.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i1.11923 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.9(1) 2015 30-36

Assessment of genetic diversity in Narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) germplasm using morphological and molecular markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwar Bouabid ◽  
H. Chennaoui Kourda ◽  
A. Boussaha ◽  
M. Ben Naceur ◽  
A. Zoghlami Khélil
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Vicia Narbonensis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Differentiation Index ◽  
Simple Sequence

Narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) is a promising forage legume with good resistance to cold and drought. The assessment of genetic diversity of Narbon vetch is an essential component in germplasm management. In this study, we analysed the genetic diversity of 13 local and introduced Narbon vetch accessions from three continents using 27 morphological traits and 13 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Significant differences among accessions for morphological and phenological traits were observed. The SSR markers showed a total of 126 alleles with a mean number of two alleles per locus. Polymorphic information content values were in the range of 0.772–0.915 with an average of 0.858. A high level of diversity (Nei’s genetic differentiation index of 59) was observed among accessions. Analysis of genetic distances separated the studied accessions into three groups based on both morphological and SSR markers. Cluster analysis of the SSR markers separated the accessions into three groups according to geographical origin. The Tunisian populations shared the same morphological traits but differed genetically from each other and were similar to those from Lebanon. A significant correlation was detected between morphological traits and SSR markers. The results suggested that SSR markers can be used to efficiently distinguish Narbon vetch accessions and estimate their genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Molecular Genetic Variability of Spigelia marilandica and S. gentianoides

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Hershberger ◽  
Tracie M. Jenkins ◽  
Carol Robacker
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Two Samples

Despite the ecologic and ornamental potential of southeastern U.S. native Spigelia, little is known about the intraspecific or the interpopulation genetic variation. The southeastern U.S. native Spigelia habitat is becoming more and more fragmented as a result of human activity, making it imperative to gain an understanding of natural genetic variation among and within species and populations for the purpose of obtaining variability for plant breeding and preserve the genetic variability in Spigelia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis to determine interspecific and intraspecific genetic variation and to evaluate gene flow. Thirteen populations of two species of native Spigelia, S. marilandica (SM), S. gentianoides var. gentianoides (SGG), and S. gentianoides var. alabamensis (SGA), were analyzed using four primer pairs that amplified a total of 269 bands. Based on analysis of molecular variance and estimates of Nei’s coefficients of gene diversity (percentage of polymorphic loci, average genetic diversity within populations, average genetic diversity within species, and proportion of species genetic diversity attributed to among population variation), the majority of variation found in Spigelia occurs within populations. Both among-species and among-population variation was low, likely the effect of common ancestry as well as relatively frequent introgression among individuals (and populations) of Spigelia. When all individuals were evaluated using Nei’s unbiased genetic distances and viewed as a unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean phenogram, three main groups were shown, one with two samples of SGG from one population, one with 13 individuals from both SGG populations used in this study, and one with all of the SM, SGA, and remaining SGG individuals. Further evaluation using STRUCTURE software showed introgression between populations and species, although all allele clusters have not entirely introgressed into all populations. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to breeding in Spigelia.

Ethics in the Judiciary System of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Mehedi Imam
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Ethical Knowledge ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Independent Judiciary ◽  
Role Players ◽  
High Level

In Bangladesh, demand for judicial independence in practice has been a much debated issue and the demand is fulfilled but expectation of people is not only limited to have an independent judiciary but to have an impartial system and cadre of people, which will administer justice rationally being free from fear or force. The independence of judiciary and the impartial judicial practice are related concepts, one cannot sustain without the other and here existence as well as the need of practicing impartiality is well recognized. But the art of practicing impartiality does not develop overnight as it’s related to development of one’s attitude. It takes a considerable time resulting from understanding, appreciating and acknowledging the moral values, ethics and professional responsibility. The judiciary includes Judges, Advocates mostly who are expected to demonstrate a high level of moral values and impartiality towards people seeking justice and ‘rule of law’. This is true that bench officers and clerks are also part of the process to ensure rule of law with same level of participation by the law enforcing agencies such as police. However the paper includes only those who either join judiciary as Judge/Magistrate or Advocate to explore level and extent of ethical knowledge they receive being key role players of the system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i2.9628 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(2): 34-36

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